Mulindahabi v Sanlam

# Mulindahabi v Sanlam

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-14 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MURINDAHABI v SANLAM AG Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2023/CA (Ngagi P.J, Kariwabo na Mukamurenzi J.) 14 Nzeli 2023] Amategeko mbonezamubano – Indishyi – Indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka – impanuka ikomoka ku bijyabiziga bigenda mu muhanda – Umukozi ukoze impanuka atajya cyangwa atava ku kazi cyangwa aho asanzwe ataha mu masaha atari ayakazi, cyangwa utemerewe imodoka y’akazi mu ngendo ze zose ndetse no mu minsi y’impera z’icyumweru (week end) cyangwa se utari mu butumwa bw’akazi, cyangwa nanone akaba yarayikoze atajya cyangwa ava gufata amafunguro cyangwa se atajya cyangwa ava guhembwa aba akoze impanuka isanzwe yo mu handa itari mpanuka y’akazi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Mulindahabi arega Sanlam Plc mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kubera impanuka yakoze ku itariki 20/04/2019 ubwo imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD ya Wildelife Conservation Society, yari itwawe n’uwitwa Murindankaka, bavuye Rusizi berekeza i Kigali bageze mu Murenge wa Rugarika, mu Karere ka Kamonyi, iyo modoka yagonze ikamyo yo mu bwoko bwa Howo RAD 434 E iyiturutse inyuma ubwo yari ihagaze mu muhanda yapfuye, Mulindahabi na Niyigaba barakomereka. Ubugenzacyaha bwageze ahabereye impanuka, bwemeje ko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka Jeep T-L/C IT157RD. Mulindahabi avuga ko yashyikirije dosiye isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane, ntibyakunda. Asaba Urukiko kumugenera indishyi zitandukanye kuko iyo mpanuka yamusigiye ubumuga bwa 38%. Sanlam AG Plc yaburanye ivuga ko indishyi Mulindahabi asaba ari umurengera, ko yahabwa indishyi ziteganywa n’amategeko. Urukiko mu rubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mulindahabi gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko SANLAM AG Plc guha Mulindahabi indishyi zitandukanye zingana 39.821.000Frw. SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rwageneye Mulindahabi indishyi, kandi yarakoze impanuka ari mu kazi kuko yavaga mu kazi muri Nyungwe aho akorera ajya mu rugo i Kigali, akaba yari n’umukozi wa nyiri ikinyabiziga cyayimuteje, bityo ko nta ndishyi SANLAM AG Plc yagombaga gucibwa ahubwo yagombaga kuzisaba Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubwiteganyirize bw’Abakozi (RSSB) kuko impanuka yakoze ari iy’akazi nk’uko biteganywa n’Amategeko. Inasaba ko indishyi zose Mulindahabi yagenewe zivanwaho. Mulindahabi yiregura kwiregura impanuka yakoze atari impanuka y’akazi kuko ayikora atari mu masaha y’akazi kandi ko atari ari mu kazi, ko kandi yari mu modoka y’ikigo akorera kubera ko cyari cyamuhaye lifuti (lift) ko bitari mu rwego rw’akazi, ko rero indishyi yagenewe zifite ishingiro. Yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi yari yasabye ku rwego rubanza ariko Urukiko rukanga kuzimugenera, no kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka yo kuri urwo rwego rw'ubujurire.

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Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwasanze nubwo ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Mulindahabi yarakoze impanuka y’akazi cyangwa itari iy’akazi kitarigeze gisuzumwa ku rwego rwa mbere ariko ko nta cyabuza ko gisuzumwa ku rwego rw’ubujurire kubera ko ari inzitizi yari gutuma ikirego kitakirwa kuko ishingiye ku bubasha (qualité) bw’urega ndetse ikanaba n’inzitizi ishingiye ku rugereko rukwiye kuburanisha urwo rubanza niba ari urugereko ruburanisha imanza z’ umurimo cyangwa ari uruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano, ko rero ari inzitizi y’indemyagihugu ishobora gutangwa igihe cyose, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko impanuka y’ikinyabiziga Mulindahabi yari arimo cyo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD idakwiye kwitwa impanuka iregerwa ituma umwishingizi wicyo kinyabiziga asabwa indishyi ahubwo ko ari impanuka y’akazi (accident du travail) kuko yavaga Rusizi aho akorera ajya i Kigali aho atuye, ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ivanyweho kuko rwaciwe n’Urukiko rudafite ububasha. Rutegeka Mulindahabi kwishyura Sanlam AG Plc amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Mulindahabi yasabye ko urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Mulindahabi yasabye Urukiko gukuraho urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG kuko rwamurenganyije rwemeza impanuka yakoze ariyo mu kazi kandi ahubwo ari impanuka isanzwe no gutegeka ko indishyi zose yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza zigumyeho, hakiyongeraho amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yasabye mu Rukiko Rukuru nayo asaba kuri uru rwego. SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko nta karengane Mulindahabi yagiriwe mu rubanza RCA0358/2020/HC/KIG, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru bigaragaza ko impanuka yakoze yari impanuka y’akazi. Urukiko rwemeje mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00004/2023/CA ko impanuka Mulindahabi yakoze itafatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi yishingirwa n’umukoresha, ahubwo ko ari impanuka yo muhanda isanzwe yari yishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc, kuko idashobora kugaragaza ko Mulindahabi yakoraga akazi ke ka buri munsi ataha i Kigali, cyangwa se ko mu gihe yakoraga impanuka yarari mu butumwa bw’akazi. Bityo rwemeza ko SANLAM AG Plc ariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zijyanye n’iyo mpanuka, rwemeza ko Mulindahabi yararenganyijwe n’urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane bityo ko rugomba guhinduka mu ngingo zarwo zose. Urukiko rwemeza kandi ko indishyi zose Mulindahabi yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zihwanye na 39.821.000Frw zigomba kugumaho. Utukiko rwemeje kandi ko Mulindahabi ahabwa amafaranga y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cya avoka agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: Umukozi ukoze impanuka atajya cyangwa atava ku kazi cyangwa aho asanzwe ataha mu masaha atari ayakazi, cyangwa utemerewe imodoka y’akazi mu ngendo ze zose ndetse no mu minsi y’impera z’icyumweru (week end) cyangwa se utari mu butumwa bw’akazi, cyangwa nanone akaba yarayikoze atajya cyangwa ava gufata amafunguro cyangwa se atajya cyangwa ava guhembwa aba akoze impanuka isanzwe itari mpanuka y’akazi. Bityo, umukozi ukoze iyo mpanuka ahabwa Indishyi n’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga yararimo cyateje impanuka nubwo cyaba ari icy’umukoresha we. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111 Itegeko Nº 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena imitunganyirize y’ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize, Ingingo ya 13 Itegeko- Teka Nº 32/75 rigena ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka, Ingingo ya 4, agace ka 3. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 20/04/2018, Mulindahabi Félix ari kumwe na Niyigaba Protais, bari mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD ya Wildelife Conservation Society, yari itwawe n’uwitwa Murindankaka Sylvestre, bavuye Rusizi berekeza i Kigali bageze mu Murenge wa Rugarika, mu Karere ka Kamonyi, iyo modoka yagonze ikamyo yo mu bwoko bwa Howo RAD 434 E iyiturutse inyuma ubwo yari ihagaze mu muhanda yapfuye, Mulindahabi Félix na Niyigaba Protais barakomereka. Ubugenzacyaha bwageze ahabereye impanuka, bwemeje ko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka Jeep T-L/C IT157RD, yari ifite ubwishingizi muri SANLAM AG Plc. [2] Mulindahabi Félix avuga ko ku wa 22/07/2019, yashyikirije SANLAM Plc dosiye isaba indishyi mu bwumvikane, ategereza ko bamuhamagara ngo bumvikane araheba. Nyuma yaho yareze SANLAM AG Plc mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge avuga ko iyo mpamuka yamusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 38%, arusaba gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kumugenera indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka yatejwe n'ikinyabiziga cyo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD yari yarishingiye. SANLAM AG Plc yaburanye ivuga ko indishyi Mulindahabi Félix asaba ari umurengera, ko yahabwa indishyi ziteganywa n’amategeko. [3] Mu rubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/10/2020, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mulindahabi Félix gifite ishingiro, rutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha Mulindahabi Félix indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na miliyoni

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mirongo itatu n’icyenda n’ibihumbi magana inani na makumyabiri na kimwe (39.821.000Frw), zibaze mu buryo bukurikira : Indishyi mbangamirabukungu=38.400.000Frw Indishyi z’akababaro=432.000Frw Indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga=108.000Frw Indishyi zibyakoreshejwe =211.900Frw Indishyi z’igihembo cya Avoka, ikurikiranarubanza n’amafaranga yatanzweho ingwate y’amagarama =670.000Frw. [4] SANLAM AG Plc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, mu guca urubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE rwageneye Mulindahabi Félix indishyi, kandi yarakoze impanuka ari mu kazi kuko yavaga mu kazi muri Nyungwe aho akorera ajya iwe mu rugo i Kigali, akaba yari n’umukozi wa nyiri ikinyabiziga cyayimuteje, bityo ko nta ndishyi SANLAM AG Plc yagombaga gucibwa ahubwo yagombaga kuzisaba Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubwiteganyirize bw’Abakozi (RSSB) kuko impanuka yakoze ari iy’akazi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Nº 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena imitunganyirize y’Ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize ivuga ko impanuka umukozi yagize mu gihe cy’urugendo avuye aho akorera akazi ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi. Yanasabye ko indishyi zose Mulindahabi Félix yagenewe zivanwaho. [5] Mulindahabi Félix mu kwiregura avuga ko impanuka yakoze atari impanuka y’akazi kuko ayikora hari saa moya n'igice z’umugoroba (19:30) atari amasaha y’akazi atari ari mu kazi, ko kandi yari mu modoka y’ikigo akorera kubera ko cyari cyamuhaye lifuti (lift) ko bitari mu rwego rw’akazi, ko rero indishyi yagenewe zifite ishingiro. Yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba Urukiko gusuzuma niba akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z'ibangamira ry'uburambe mu kazi yari yasabye ku rwego rubanza ariko Urukiko rukanga kuzimugenera, no kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka yo kuri urwo rwego rw'ubujurire. [6] Mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/11/2021, Urukiko rwasanze nubwo ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Mulindahabi Félix yarakoze impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka isanzwe itari iy’akazi kitigeze gisuzumwa ku rwego rwa mbere ariko ko nta cyabuza ko gisuzumwa kubera ko bigaragara ko icyo kibazo ari inzitizi yari gutuma ikirego kitakirwa kuko ishingiye ku bubasha (qualité) bw’urega ndetse ikanaba n’inzitizi ishingiye ku rugereko rukwiye kuburanisha urwo rubanza niba ari urugereko ruburanisha imanza z‘umurimo cyangwa ari urukiko ruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano, ko rero ari inzitizi y’indemyagihugu ishobora gutangwa igihe cyose, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na SANLAM AG Plc bufite ishingiro. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku ngingo ya 13 y’Itegeko Nº 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena imitunganyirize y’Ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize, ryavuguruwe kandi rikuzuzwa n’itegeko Nº 06/2003 du 22/3/2003 (J.O. n° 12

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bis du 15/06/2003) iteganya ko “bifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi iyo umukozi akoze impanuka mu gihe cy’urugendo avuye aho asanzwe atuye, kuva aho asanzwe afata ifunguro rye, aho akorera akazi….”rwemeje ko impanuka y’ikinyabiziga Mulindahabi Félix yari arimo cyo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD idakwiye kwitwa impanuka iregerwa indishyi umwishingizi w’icyo kinyabiziga ahubwo bigaragara ko ari impanuka y’akazi (accident du travail) kuko yavaga Rusizi aho akorera ajya i Kigali aho atuye, ko imikirize y’urubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/10/20120 ivanyweho kuko rwaciwe n’Urukiko rudafite ububasha. Rutegeka Mulindahabi Félix kwishyura SANLAM AG Plc amafaranga n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw), akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zo ku rwego rwa mbere ndetse n’urw’ubujurire, akanasubiza SANLAM AG Plc ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ijurira. [8] Mulindahabi Félix yasabye ko urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo nº 029/CJ/2023, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00004/2023/CA. [9] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 04/09/2023, Mulindahabi Félix ahagarariwe na Me Sibomana Jean Baptiste afatanyije na Me Mbituyimana Jean de Dieu, naho SANLAM AG Plc ihagarariwe na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva afatanyije na Me Nkeza Sempundu Clément [10] Mu myanzuro ye no mu iburanisha, Mulindahabi Félix avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko impanuka yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 yari impanuka isanzwe itari iy’akazi, yasabye uru Rukiko gukuraho urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG kuko rwamurenganyije no gutegeka ko indishyi zose yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2020 zigumyeho, hakiyongeraho amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza yasabye mu Rukiko Rukuru nayo asaba kuri uru rwego. SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko nta karengane Mulindahabi Félix yagiriwe mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru bigaragaza ko impanuka yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 yari impanuka y’akazi, kuko yavaga aho yakoreraga i Rusizi muri Nyungwe, atashye iwe mu rugo ku Kicukiro i Kigali, ari mu modoka y’umukoresha we itwawe n’umushoferi w’Ikigo yakoreraga. [11] Urukiko, rushingiye kuri izo mpaka, rusanga hakwiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba impanuka MULINDAHABI Félix yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 ari impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka isanzwe n’ingaruka zabyo ku bijyanye n’indishyi ; Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 ari impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka isanzwe n’ingaruka zabyo ku bijyanye n’indishyi A. Kumenya niba impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 ari impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka isanzwe

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[12] Abahagarariye Mulindahabi Félix bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko impanuka yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 itewe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T- L/C IT157RD ari impanuka yo mu kazi, bityo ko nta ndishyi SANLAM AG Plc ikwiye kumuha, kandi yari impanuka isanzwe itari iy’akazi yatewe n'ikinyabiziga mu muhanda. Basobanura ko Mulindahabi Félix yakoreraga akazi muri Nyungwe agataha ahitwa Gisakura, ko umunsi yakoze impanuka yavuye mu kazi akajya aho yatahaga nyuma akabona gufata urugendo rwo kujya i Kigali kuruhuka, ko yakoze impanuka nijoro, ko kandi atari munsi y’ubugenzuzi bw’umukoresha we mu gihe yakoraga impanuka, ndetse ko n’inyandikomvugo ya polisi igaragaza ko ari impanuka isanzwe y’ikinyabiziga, ko rero impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yagize ari impanuka isanzwe atari impanuka y’akazi. [13] Basobanura kandi ko iyo mpanuka yabereye mu Murenge wa Rugarika, mu Karere ka Kamonyi, kandi Mulindahabi Félix we yarakoreraga akazi ke ka buri munsi muri Nyungwe ahitwa Gisakura, ko ari na ho yabaga, bityo ko aho impanuka yabereye ntaho hari hahuriye n’aho yakoreraga, kuko hatari mu nzira yanyuragamo ajya mu kazi cyangwa avayo, akaba nta n'ikigaragaza ko yari muri gahunda z'akazi, kuko hari ku wa gatanu nijoro, ubwo bari bagiye mu kiruhuko i Kigali, ko SANLAM AG Plc itagaragaza ko yaba yarakoze impanuka ari mu butumwa bw’akazi, ndetse ko i Kigali ariho Mulindahabi Félix atuye (domicile), ko kandi itegeko SANLAM AG Plc ishingiraho ritavuga aho umukozi atuye (domicile) ahubwo rivuga gusa aho umukozi abarizwa (résidence). [14] Bavuga kandi ko kuba impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yagize ari impanuka isanzwe itari iy’akazi bishimangirwa n’ibikubiye mu bika bya 4-9 by’urubanza RCA00244/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa mugenzi we witwa Niyigaba Protais bakoze iyo mpanuka bari mu modoka imwe kandi bombi ari abakozi ba Wildlife Conservation Society, bakorera muri Nyungwe baba ahitwa mu Gisakura, muri urwo rubanza SANLAM AG yazamuye ingingo yo kuvuga ko bari mu kazi, Urukiko ruyisuzumye rusanga impanuka yabaye atari iyo mu kazi, rushingiye ku kuba aho yabereye (inzira yarimo), ntaho hahuriye n’aho yakoreraga, kandi ko hatari mu nzira yanyuragamo buri munsi ava cyangwa ajya aho akorera, kandi ko n'amasaha yabereyeho ndetse n'impamvu yamugenzaga byose ntaho byari bihuriye n'akazi yakoraga. [15] Bakomeza banenga ibivugwa n’abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc ko iyo modoka yari mu maboko ya Mulindahabi Félix (à sa disposition) atari byo kuko mu masezerano bari bafitanye n’umukoresha we ntaho hagaragara ko yahawe imodoka y’akazi. Bavuga na none ko kuba police d’assurance y’iyo modoka igaragaza ko mu gihe yakoraga impanuka yari ifite ubwishingizi bugomba kwishyura impanuka zose yateza, SANLAM igomba kwishyura indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka. [16] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc bavuga ko nta nenge yateye Mulindahabi Félix akarengane iri mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG kuko mu bika bya 13-17 by’urwo rubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze impanuka yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018 ari impanuka y’akazi rushingiye ku kuba : Yarayikoze ava aho yakoreraga i Rusizi/Gisakura muri Nyungwe, ataha iwe ku Kicukiro i Kigali ;

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Yari mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD y’umukoresha we kandi atwawe n’umushoferi w’Ikigo yakoreraga cya Wildelife Consevation Society, igakora impanuka igeze mu Murenge wa Rugarika, mu Karere ka Kamonyi ; Urwo rugendo rwari rwishyuwe n’umukoresha we ; Hari amasezerano y’akazi yagiranye n’umukoresha we. Bavuga ko kuba yarakoze impanuka saa moya n’igice z’ijoro (19:30), atari byo byatuma Mulindahabi Félix afatwa nka rubanda, kandi atari byo byatuma impanuka yakoze yitwa isanzwe, kuko kuba yaravuye aho akorera akayikora ataha iwe mu rugo Kicukiro, ubwabyo bihagije kugira ngo yitwe impanuka y’akazi. [17] Bavuga kandi ko ibyo Mulindahabi Félix avuga ko ikigaragaza ko atari impanuka y’akazi ari uko aho yabereye ntaho hahuriye n’aho yari asanzwe akorera, nta gaciro bikwiye guhabwa kuko mu kwemeza ko impanuka yabaye yari iy’akazi, hatarebwa gusa aho impanuka yabereye (aho umukozi akorera akazi), ahubwo hanarebwa ko umukozi yakoze impanuka ava ku kazi ataha ajya iwe aho asanzwe acumbitse, cyangwa asanzwe atuye (résidence principale), nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye mu gika cya 13-14 na 17 by’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kandi ibyo Mulindahabi Félix akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. [18] Bakomeza bavuga ko n’ibyo bavuga ko nta kigaragaza ko Mulindahabi Félix yari muri gahunda y’akazi, basanga iyo myumvire nayo ntacyo yamumarira, kuko gahunda yarimo ari uko yavaga ku kazi ataha aho asanzwe atuye ku Kicukiro, kandi ko ari na cyo Itegeko riteganya kugira ngo hemezwe ko ari impanuka y’akazi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabigarutseho mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [19] Bavuga kandi ko urubanza RCA00244/2020/HC/KIG SANLAM yaburanye na Niyigaba Protais rutagomba gushingirwaho kuko rurimo amakosa, ko ari na yo mpamvu mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusubirihwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rutarushingiyeho, ko ikindi kandi kuba rwaraciwe mu buryo butandukanye n’urwo Mulindahabi Félix asubirishamo, bikaba atari cyo gisobanura ko yagize akarengane, uretse ko ko adakwiye gusaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gushingira ku rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rukuriye. [20] Bakomeza bavuga ko imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep Toyota, ifite plaque IT 157RD itari ifite ubwishingizi bw’impanuka y’abakozi bari mu kazi, ahubwo yari ifite ubwishingizi ku buryozwe bw’iby’abandi yakwangiza, cyangwa abandi ishobora guhohotera (responsabilité contre tiers), bityo ko kuba Mulindahabi Félix atari rubanda, byahuzwa n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 4, agace ka 3 ya Décret-Loi Nº32/75 relatif à l’assurance obligatoire de la responsabilité civile en matière de véhicules automoteurs yakurikizwaga igihe cy’impanuka, bikanashimangirwa n’ingingo ya 7 ya conditions générales d’assurance automobile, igaragaza ko abakozi b’uwishingiwe (assuré) mu gihe bagize impanuka bari mu kazi batagomba kugenerwa indishyi zishingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi. [21] Bavuga na none ko mu bika bya 13-19 by’urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rusabirwa gusubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko SANILAM AG Plc yarezwe indishyi atari yo yagombaga kuziregwa, ko ahubwo Mulindahabi Félix nk’umukozi

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wateganyirizwaga yagombaga kuzibaza RSSB. Basoza basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018, ubwo yavaga i Rusizi/Gisakura muri Nyungwe aho yakoreraga, ataha ajya iwe ku Kicukiro i Kigali, ari impanuka yabereye mu rugendo rw’akazi ku buryo indishyi zasabwa RSSB cyangwa niba ari impanuka isanzwe yo muhanda iryozwa umwishingizi (SANLAM AG Plc). [23] Ingingo ya 13 y’itegeko Nº 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/03/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigena imitunganyirize y’ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize iteganya ko “Ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi, impanuka ibaye ku mukozi mu gihe cy’urugendo ruva aho abarizwa, aho asanzwe afatira amafunguro rugana aho akorera cyangwa aho ahemberwa cyangwa asubira ahavuzwe, (vice- versa), iyo urwo rugendo rutaciwemo no kujya ahandi mu nyungu bwite z’umukozi kandi idashingiye ku kazi. Aho umuntu abarizwa havugwa muri iyi ngingo hashobora kuba aho aba h’ibanze (résidence principale) n’ahandi ashobora kuba (résidence secondaire), ariko hakaba hagomba kuba hazwi kandi hahamye (stable), n’igihe amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu rugendo yishyuwe n'umukoresha we”1. [24] Ingingo ya 4, agace ka 3, y’Itegeko- Teka Nº 32/75 rigena ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka iteganya ibikurikira : “Bashobora kuvanwa mu bwishingire : Abantu barindwa n’amategeko ari ukwayo mu byerekeye indishyi zitewe n’ibyago by’akazi, keretse iyo abo bantu bahisemo gukurikirana indishyi ku wishingiwe”. [25] Izi ngingo iyo zisuzumiwe hamwe zumvikanisha ko impanuka ibaye ku mukozi mu rugendo ruva cyangwa rujya aho abarizwa hahamye (stable) rujya cyangwa ruva aho akorera, aho asanzwe afatira amafunguro cyangwa ahemberwa, ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi, keretse iyo urwo rugendo rwagize impamvu iruhagarika iturutse ku nyungu bwite y’umukozi idafitanye isano n’akazi. Zumvikanisha kandi ko impanuka umukozi yakoze mu gihe ari mu rugendo yishyuriwe n’umukoresha we nayo ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi. Mu yandi magambo ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi impanuka umukozi yagize ava aho abarizwa ajya aho akorera cyangwa ava aho akorera ajya aho abarizwa, ariko akaba atahagaritse urwo rugendo ku mpamvu ze bwite zidafitanye isano n’umurimo akora. Aho umukozi abarizwa hakaba hagomba kumvikana nk’ahantu umukozi ataha buri munsi uko avuye aho akorera. Ikindi ifatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi impanuka umukozi yagize ari mu rugendo rwishyuwe n’umukoresha, bivuze ko hagomba kuba hari ikimenyetso cyerekana ko umukoresha ariwe wishyuye amafaranga y’urwo rugendo. Iyo rero impanuka ibaye mu buryo budahuye n’ibamaze kuvugwa, uburyozwe buba ku mwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga umukozi yakoreyemo impanuka. 1 Est assimilé à un accident du travail : l’accident survenu à un travailleur pendant le trajet de sa résidence, du lieu où il prend ordinairement ses repas au lieu où il effectue son travail ou perçoit sa rémunération ou vice - versa, dans la mesure où le parcours n’a pas été interrompu ou détourné pour un motif dicté par un intérêt personnel et indépendant de l’emploi. La résidence visée par le présent article englobe la résidence principale ou la résidence secondaire présente à condition que cette résidence présente un caractère stable; l’accident survenu à un travailleur pendant le voyage dont les frais sont à charge de l’employeur »

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[26] Impande zombi zemeranywa ko Mulindahabi Félix yakoreraga Wildelife Conservation Society muri Nyungwe ariko akaba nyuma y’akazi ke ka buri munsi yaratahaga ahitwa Gisakura, akaba ari na ho yabaga mu gihe cy’akazi, ariko akaba yari atuye ku Kicukiro, mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Zemeranywa kandi ko yakoreye impanuka mu Murenge wa Rugarika, Akarere ka Kamonyi, ari mu modoka ya Wildelife Conservation Society (umukoresha we) ari ku wa gatanu saa moya n’igice z’umugoroba (19:30) ubwo yari atashye iwe ku Kicukiro mu mpera z’icyumweru. Icyo zitemeranyaho ni ukumenya niba iyo mpanuka yafatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi nk’uko SANLAM AG Plc ibivuga cyangwa niba ari impanuka isanzwe yo mu muhanda. [27] Amasezerano y’akazi Mulindahabi Félix yagiranye na Wildelife Conservation Society ku wa 02/01/2018, mu ngingo ya yayo ya 1, agaragaza ibyo Mulindahabi Félix agenerwa cyangwa ibyo yemerewe n’umukoresha ari byo: umushahara, amafaranga yo kwivuza, n’ikiruhuko cy’umwaka. Iya kabiri yo ivuga ko amasaha y’akazi ari 45 mu cyumweru guhera ku wa mbere kugeza ku wa gatanu kandi ko akazi gatangira saa moya (7:00) kagasoza saa kumi n’imwe (17:00), usibye igihe bibaye ngombwa ko arenza ayo masaha. [28] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo na none amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD yishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc, ayo masezerano akaba yari afite agaciro guhera ku wa 01/09/2017 kugeza 31/08/2018. Ayo masezerano anagaragaza ibyo SANLAM AG Plc yiyemeje kwishyingira harimo no kuba igihe uwakoze impanuka agize ubumuga buhoraho. [29] Urukiko, ruhuje ibyabaye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru, rurasanga impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yagize itafatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi ku mpamvu zikurikira: Kuba Mulindahabi Félix atarakoraga akazi ke ka buri munsi ataha iwe ku Kicukiro ku buryo byafatwa ko yakoze impanuka ari mu mahanda ataha aho asanzwe aba mu gihe cy’akazi ; Kuba ahantu yatahaga buri munsi ava ku kazi atari ku Kicukiro ahubwo ari mu Gisakura, kandi impanuka ikaba itarabereye hagati ya Nyungwe aho yakoreraga na Gisakura aho yatahaga mu minsi y’akazi, ahubwo yarabereye mu Murenge wa Rugarika mu Karere ka Kamonyi ajya i Kigali ; Kuba amasezerano Wildelife Conservation Society yari ifitanye na Mulindahabi Félix atagaragaza ko uyu yari yemerewe imodoka y’akazi imufasha mu ngendo ze, ko kandi yashoboraga kuyikoresha no mu mpera y’icyumweru (muri week-end) ajya iwe ku Kicikiro/Kigali ; Kuba nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko umunsi Mulindahabi Félix yakoze impanuka yari mu butumwa bw’akazi yoherejwemo n’umukoresha we, ku buryo byafatwa ko urwo rugendo rwari rwishyuwe n’umukoresha we. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo SANLAM AG Plc yireguza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yakoze yari impanuka y’akazi kuko yavaga ku kazi i Rusizi/Gisakura muri

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Nyungwe aho yakoreraga, ataha ajya iwe ku Kicukiro i Kigali, ari mu modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep T-L/C IT157RD y’umukoresha we kandi atwawe n’umushoferi w’Ikigo yakoreraga cya Wildelife Consevation Society nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ntabwo yakoraga akazi ke ataha ku Kicukiro/Kigali, ahubwo yagakoraga ataha mu Gisakura/ Rusizi. Urukiko rurasanga kuba yarakoze impanuka ari mu modoka y’umukoresha bidahagije kugira ngo bifatwe ko ari impanuka y’akazi, kuko SANLAM AG Plc itabasha kugaragaza ko yari muri iyo modoka mu rwego rw’ubutumwa bw’akazi ko kandi yemerewe imodoka imutahana aho yabaga (Gisakura) ndetse n’igihe atashye i Kigali aho atuye. [31] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibyo SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko mu kwemeza ko impanuka yabaye yari iy’akazi hatarebwa gusa aho umukozi akorera akazi, ahubwo hanarebwa ko yakoze impanuka ava ku kazi ataha ajya iwe aho asanzwe acumbitse, cyangwa asanzwe atuye (résidence principale), bigomba kumvikana nk’ukuri mu gihe Mulindahabi Félix yaba mu buryo busanzwe yarakoraga ataha i Kigali, akaba yarakoze impanuka ataha aho asanzwe ataha mu gihe ari mu kazi, cyangwa akaba yarayikoze ajya cyangwa ava gufata amafunguro cyangwa se akaba yarayikoze ajya cyangwa ava guhembwa. Kuba rero yarayikoze ataha iwe mu mpera y’icyumweru nyuma y’akazi (muri week-end) icyo gihe yafatwa nk’undi mugenzi wese, ku buryo bitafatwa ko yakoze impanuka ava mu kazi. Kuba rero SANLAM AG Plc itabasha kugaragaza ko ubusanzwe Mulindahabi Félix yari yarumvikanye n’umukoresha we ko buri wa gatanu azajya ataha i Kigali avuye mu kazi, no kuba itabasha kugaragaza ko uwo munsi w’impanuka bari babyumvikanye n’umukoresha we ko ataha iwe i Kigali, ntabwo impanuka yakoze ari muri gahunda ze nyuma y’akazi yafatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi. [32] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo SANLAM AG Plc ivuga ko imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Jeep Toyota, ifite plaque IT 157RD itari ifite ubwishingizi bw’impanuka y’abakozi bari mu kazi, ahubwo yari ifite ubwishingizi ku buryozwe bw’iby’abandi yakwangiza, cyangwa abandi ishobora guhohotera (responsabilité contre tiers), bityo ko Mulindahabi Félix atari rubanda, impanuka itaryozwa umwishingizi, nta shingiro byahabwa, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ntabwo SANLAM AG Plc yashoboye kugaragaza ko Mulindahabi Félix yari muri iyo modoka nk’umukozi wa company uyifiteho uburenganzira bwo kumutwara no muri week-end igihe atashye aho atuye i Kigali cyangwa niba yari mu butumwa bw’akazi. Bikaba rero byumvikana ko yaje muri iyo modoka nka rubanda cyangwa undi mugenzi uwo ari we wese. [33] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa no ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe, Urukiko rurasanga impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yakoze ku wa 20/04/2018, itafatwa nk’impanuka y’akazi yishingirwa n’umukoresha, ahubwo ni impanuka yo muhanda isanzwe yari yishingiwe na SANLAM AG Plc, akaba ari nayo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zijyanye n’iyo mpanuka aho kuziryoza RSSB; bityo Mulindahabi Félix akaba yararenganyijwe n’urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/11/2021, rukaba ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. B. Kumenya niba Mulindahabi Félix akwiye kwishyurwa indishyi yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge [34] Abahagarariye Mulindahabi Félix bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwamugeneye indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na miliyoni mirongo itatu n’icyenda n’ibihumbi

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magana inani na makumyabiri na kimwe (39.821.000Frw), ko kandi uburyo izo ndishyi zabazwemo SANLAM AG Plc itigeze ibujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, bityo ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc kuzishyura. [35] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc biregura kuri izi ndishyi zose Mulindahabi Félix asaba bavuga ko ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko azishingira ku Iteka rya Perezida Nº31/01 ryo ku wa 25/8/2003 ryerekeye imyishyurire y’abangirijwe n’impanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga bigenzwa na Moteri bigenda ku butaka, kandi ritamureba, kuko impanuka yakoze ari iy’akazi nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabyemeje. Banavuga ko yirengagiza ko RSSB ari yo ishinzwe kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka z’akazi (accident du travail). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [36] Imikirize y’urubanza RC01038/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 29/10/2020, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego Mulindahabi Félix yareze SANLAM AG Plc ayisaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yagize gifite ishingiro, ruyitegeka kumuha indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na miliyoni mirongo itatu n’icyenda n’ibihumbi magana inani na makumyabiri na kimwe (39.821.000Frw). Naho imikirize y’urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru igaragaza ko impanuka y’ikinyabiziga Mulindahabi Félix yararimo T-L/C IT 157RD idakwiye kwitwa impanuka iregerwa indishyi umwishingizi w’icyo kinyabiziga ahubwo ari impanuka y’akazi (accident du travail). [37] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe, impanuka Mulindahabi Félix yagize atari impanuka y’akazi ahubwo ari impanuka isanzwe yo muhanda. Bityo indishyi zose Mulindahabi Félix yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zihwanye na miliyoni mirongo itatu n’icyenda n’ibihumbi magana inani na makumyabiri na kimwe (39.821.000Frw) zigomba kugumaho. 2.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [38] Abahagarariye Mulindahabi Félix bashingiye ku ngingo ya 34 y'Amabwiriza Nº 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by'Abavoka, basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka SANLAM AG Plc guha Mulindahabi Félix miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego yiyongera kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka yari yasabye mu Rukiko Rukuru ntiyayahabwa. Banavuga ko igihembo cya Avoka SANLAM AG Plc isaba itagihabwa kuko nta shingiro gifite. [39] Abahagarariye SANLAM AG Plc biregura ku mafaranga Mulindahabi Félix asaba bavuga ko nta shingiro afite kuko atarenganyijwe n’urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG, ko ahubwo ari we ukwiye guha SANLAM AG Plc amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1.200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yo kuri uru rwego. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[40] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [41] Urukiko rurasanga Mulindahabi Félix agomba kugenerwa amafaranga yatakaje akurikirana uru rubanza, ariko kuba ayo asaba ari menshi hakurikijwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rumugeneye ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, hiyongereyeho ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka yo mu Rukiko Rukuru, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1.200.000Frw) agomba gutangwa na SANLAM AG Plc. Rurasanga ayo SANLAM AG Plc isaba nta shingiro afite kuko urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwagaragayemo akarengane, bityo amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru akaba avanweho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [42] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Mulindahabi Félix cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/11/2021, gifite ishingiro. [43] Rwemeje ko urubanza RCA00358/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 18/11/2021 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [44] Rutegetse SANLAM AG Plc guha Mulindahabi Félix indishyi zose hamwe zihwanye na miliyoni mirongo itatu n’icyenda n’ibihumbi magana inani na makumyabiri na kimwe (39.821.000Frw), hiyongereyeho miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1.200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka nk’uko zasobanuwe haruguru.