MULISA v UMUTONI

MULISA v UMUTONI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RCAA 00023/2025/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 23 Mutarama 2026] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imanza z’imbonezamubano - Gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe - Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mulisa yashakanye na Umutoni mu mwaka wa 1990, babana kuva ubwo mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko kugeza batandukanye bamaranye imyaka 23, aho bashakanye imitungo itandukanye kuko bari abacuruzi. Umutonis yaje gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo asaba kugabana imitungo bashakanye, Mulisa na we atanga ikindi kirego asaba ko imitungo yabarujweho Umutoni yakosorwa akavanwaho kuko yabarujwe adahari hagatangwa amakuru atari yo. Ibyo birego byombi byaje guhuzwa kuko bifitanye isano. Mulisa yaburanye avuga ko atigeze abana na Umutoni nk’umugabo n’umugore kuko yazaga akamutera inda gusa bityo nta n’imitungo bashakanye. Urukiko rwemeje ko imitungo imwe n’imwe yaregewe yagabanwa ku buryo bungana kuko ari yo ifitiwe ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ihari. Mulisa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko hari imitungo yashatse nyuma yo gutandukana na Umutoni, urukiko rukaba rwarayishyize mu mitungo igabanwa. Umutoni yavuze ko bashakanye kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 batandukana mu mwaka wa 2013, ko imitungo bagabanijwe ari iyo bahahanye muri icyo gihe. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire nta shingiro bufite ndetse ko urubanza nº RC00401/2021/TGI/GSBO na RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 12/05/2023 rudahindutse. Urega yatanze ubujurire mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga anenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro ibimenyetso simusiga yatanze bigaragaza ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 yawubonye atakibana na Umutoni no kuba rwarashingiye ku ngingo idafite aho ihuriye n’ikibazo cyariho, kandi yararugaragarije ibimenyetso bigaragaza inkomoko y’iyo mitungo. Muri uru rubanza hatanzwe inzitizi yo kutakira ubu bujurire kuko bushingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo kumenya niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Umutini asobanura ko Mulisa yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. kuko mu gika cya 37 cy’urubanza no RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imanza zari zajuririwe zidahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, naho mu bika bya 39-40, rwemeza ibyari byategetswe mu rubanza nº RC00401/2021/TGI/GSBO - RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwari rwajuririwe, ibyo ngo bikaba byumvikanisha ko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Akomeza avuga ko ibivugwa ko hari ibimenyetso urukiko rwashingiye ho kandi byarashyizwe muri system nyuma y’iburanisha, ko ibyo bimenyetso byagiweho impaka mu iburanisha ariko bigashyirwamo nyuma.

Mulisa avuga ko hari ibimenyetso urukiko rwashingiye bigaragaza igihe yatandukanuye na Umutoni kandi bitarigeze bigirwaho impaka bigatuma imitungo yaguze nyuma yo gutandukana, ishyirwa mu mitungo igabanywa. Bityo rero, ashimangira ko urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire, ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho : Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111; Itegeko no 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina, ingingo ya 39. Imanza zifashishijwe : RCOMAA 0051/14/CS, RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC, Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017; RCOMAA 0051/14/CS, RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC, Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd rwaciwe n’Uurkiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Umutoni Pascasie avuga ko mu mwaka wa 1986 Mulisa Kana Martin yamuteye inda, nyuma yo kubyara, mu mwaka wa 1990 babana nk’umugabo n’umugore, bamarana imyaka makumyabiri n’itatu (23), kandi ko muri iyo myaka yose yacuruzaga, ko baje gushakana imitungo igizwe n’ibibanza icyenda (9), imodoka eshatu (3), inka enye (4) n’amafaranga angana na 31.888.534 Frw, ko ariko kubana kwabo kwananiranye bagatandukana. Nyuma y’uko gutandukana kwabo, Umutoni Pascasie yareze Mulisa Kana Martin mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO arusaba gutegeka ko bagabana iyo mitungo bashakanye bakibana nk’umugabo n’umugore. [2] Mulisa Kana Martin avuga ko imitungo ye irimo ufite UPI: 1/0/03/2126 uherereye Kimisagara -Nyarugenge, ufite UPI: 1/02/11/03/2538 uherereye i Ndera mu Karere ka Gasabo n’ufite UPI: 5/01/14/04/2852 uherereye i Rwamagana – Rubona, yabaruwe adahari, ababishinzwe bagahabwa amakuru atari yo, bigatuma ku byangombwa byayo bandikaho ko ayifatanyije na Umutoni Pascasie kandi atari ko biri. Ibyo byatumye nawe arega Umutoni Pascasie mu Rukiko

Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ikirego cye cyandikwa kuri nº RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO, arusaba gukosora amakosa yabaye mu iyandikwa ry’ubutaka maze ibyangombwa byabwo bikamwandikwaho wenyine. Izo manza zombi zahurijwe hamwe mu rubanza rumwe rufite nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO na RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO kuko zari zifitanye isano kugira ngo ziburanishirizwe hamwe. [3] Mu iburanisha ry’izo manza, Mulisa Kana Martin yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko, ngo kuko Umutoni Pascasie yatanze ikirego atabanje gukoresha igenagaciro, ku buryo hamenyekana niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma ikirego yatanze, maze mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi, urwo Rukiko rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. Mulisa Kana Martin yongeye gutanga indi nzitizi avuga ko Umutoni Pascasie nta bubasha afite bwo kuregera umutungo uburanwa ngo kuko nta kigaragaza ko ari uwe mu gihe utamwanditseho no kuba atarigeze aba umugore we mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Mulisa Kana Martin avuga kandi ko ingingo y’Itegeko Umutoni Pascasie yashingiyeho arega iteganya ko bagabana imitungo iyo umwe muri bo agiye gushaka kandi we akaba atagiye gushaka. Umutoni Pascasie avuga ko afite ububasha kuko imitungo aregera bayishakanye babana nk’umugabo n’umugore kandi ko babyaranye abana batanu, maze urwo Rukiko ruvuga ko iyo nzitizi izasuzumirwa hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi. [4] Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Mulisa Kana Martin avuga ko nta mitungo akwiye kugabana n’Umutoni Pascasie, ngo kuko batayishakanye, kandi ko atari umugore we ko ahubwo yazaga akamutera inda gusa. [5] Ku birebana n’imitungo Mulisa Kana Martin asaba kwandikwaho wenyine, Umutoni Pascasie avuga ko atagomba kuyandukurwaho, ko ahubwo bayigabana ndetse bakanagabana n’indi mitungo atanditsweho igizwe n’ikibanza gifite UPI:1/03/10/02/322, giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gasaraba, Akagari ka Nonko, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza gifite UPI:1/03/06/01/30, giherereye mu Mudugudu w’Amajyambere, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza gifite UPI:1/02/09/02/7733 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Lindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza gifite UPI:1/01/04/02/1383 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza gifite UPI:1/01/04/02/1408 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali; ikibanza gifite UPI:1/01/04/02/1415 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali, ikibanza gifite UPI:1/01/04/02/126 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, mu Mujyi wa Kigali; Imodoka Jip Toyota Fortuner ifite Plaque RAB 273 R, amakamyo abiri (2) ya rukururana, inka enye (4) n’amafaranga angana na 31.888.534 Frw Mulisa Kana Martin yatsindiye mu rubanza RCOM 0581/15/TC/NYGE. [6] Mu rubanza nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO - RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 12/05/2023, rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin nta shingiro ifite, ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, kandi ko Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie bagabana ku buryo bungana umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI:1/0/03/126 uri mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa

Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, UPI: 1/02/11/03/2528 uri mu Mudugudu wa Kira, Akagali ka Kibenga, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akarere ka Gasabo, UPI: 5/01/14/04/2852 uri mu Mudugudu wa Rugarama, Akagari ka Murambi, Umurenge wa Rubona, mu Karere ka Rwamagana, UPI: 1/03/10/02/322 uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gasaraba, Akagari ka Nonko, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro na UPI:1/03/06/01/30 uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Amajyambere, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro n’inka enye (4). Rwemeje kandi ko umutungo ufite UPI :1/02/09/02/7733 uri mu Mudugudu wa Lindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimoronko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali wa Mulisa Kana Martin atagomba kuwugabana na Umutoni Pascasie, runemeza ko nta n’ikigaragaza ko imitungo UPI:1/01/04/02/1383, UPI:1/01/04/02/1408, UPI:1/01/04/02/1415 n’imodoka eshatu (3) bihari. [7] Mulisa Kana Martin yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, anenga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwarirengagije nkana igihe yatandukaniye na Umutoni Pascasie bigatuma rufata icyemezo kinyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ku bijyanye no kutavogera umutungo w’umuntu, no kuba rwarirengagije inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanze agaragaza ko Umutoni Pascasie mbere yo kuregera urwo Rukiko atagaragaje igenagaciro (expertise) ry’imitungo aburana kandi byari kurufasha kumenya niba rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cye. Yasobanuye ko mu kirego cye, Umutoni Pascasie yishingikirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko no 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose agamije kuzabona indonke, kuko nta bimenyetso yari afite byemeza ko hari imitungo bashakanye bagomba kugabana, mu gihe iyo ngingo isobanura neza ko bene iryo gabana rikorwa gusa iyo umwe mu babanaga agiye gushaka undi mugore cyangwa undi mugabo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, ko ariko Urukiko mu kumugenera imitungo iburanwa, rwayishingiyeho kandi idafite aho ihuriye n’ikibazo rwari rwashyikirijwe, rukaba rwarakoze amakosa akomeye kuko rwanyuranyije n’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Mu bujurire bwe, yasabye kandi ko mu bigomba kugabanwa hakurwamo imitungo yose yaguze kuva mu mwaka wa 2005 igaragarizwa ibimenyetso, kuko nta burenganzira Umutoni Pascasie agomba kuyigiraho kuko kuva icyo gihe bari batakibana. [8] Umutoni Pascasie yireguye ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, ngo kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cye hashingiwe ku kuba imwe mu mitungo yaburanwaga harimo iyari ifite agaciro karengeje 20.000.000 Frw. Naho ku birebana n’ingingo ze z’ubujurire, avuga ko nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa, ngo kuko imitungo iburanwa bayishakanye, ko babanye nk’umugore n’umugabo kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 bakabyarana abana batanu (5), bagahagarika gukomeza kubana mu mwaka wa 2013, muri icyo gihe bakaba barahahanye imitungo ivugwa, bityo bakaba bagomba kuyigabana ku buryo bungana. Mu gusoza, atanga ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, anenga kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwarakoze amakosa mu kwemeza ko umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI :1/02/09/02/7733, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Lindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimoronko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali batagomba kuwugabana, rwirengagije ibikubiye mu mwanzuro we utanga ikirego ndetse n’ibyo yavugiye mu iburanisha, aho yagaragaje ko amafaranga yaguzwe uwo mutungo yakomotse ku wundi mutungo bari bafite watejwe cyamunara, bityo agasaba ko na wo bawugabana. [9] Mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze, rushingiye bisobanuro no ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’ababuranyi ndetse no ku biteganywa n’Amategeko, nyuma yo gusuzuma ibirebana

n’inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko yatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin, rwasanze kuba mu byaregewe harimo ibibanza birindwi (7) biri mu Mujyi wa Kigali n’amafaranga angana na 31.888.534 Frw ubwabyo bigaragaza ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cyatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie kuko byari birengeje agaciro kangana na 20.000.000 Frw. [10] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie barabanye nk’umugore n’umugabo bagahahana imitungo bityo bakaba bagomba kuyigabana ku buryo bungana, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39 y’Itegeko no 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose no ku rubanza nº RS/INCONST/PEN 0003/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, bitanga ibusobanuro bigamije kurengera abatandukanye bamaze igihe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko batarashyingiranywe, bafatanya byose, kandi ko uko gutandukana kutagomba kuba ikibazo kuri bo cyangwa ngo habe uwakirenganiramo, rwasanze Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie barabanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo bagomba kugabana ku buryo bungana imitungo bashakanye igizwe n’umutungo ufite UPI : 1/0/03/126 uri mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagari ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ufite UPI:1/02/11/03/2528 uri mu Mudugudu wa Kira, Akagari ka Kibenga, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akarere Gasabo, ufite UPI: 5/01/14/04/2852 uri Mudugudu wa Rugarama, Akagaii ka Murambi, Umurenge wa Rubona, mu Karere ka Rwamagana n’ufite UPI: 1/03/10/02/322 uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gasaraba, Akagari ka Nonko, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro ibanditseho bombi, ndetse n’umutungo wanditse kuri UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Amajyambere, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro. [11] Ku birebana n’umutungo ufite UPI :1/02/09/02/7733 uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Lindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali, rwasanze Mulisa Kana Martin atawugabana na Umutoni Pascasie kuko yawuguze mu mwaka wa 2018 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure, kandi icyo gihe batarabanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, bityo batarawushakanye kuko nta bimenyetso abigaragariza, naho imitungo ifite UPI: 1/01/04/02/1383, UPI: 1/01/04/02/1408, UPI: 1/01/04/02/1415 n’imodoka eshatu (3), bitagabanywa kuko Mulisa Kana Martin avuga ko ntabyo atunze kandi Umutoni Pascasie ubiregera akaba nta kimenyetso atanga cyemeza ko abitunze koko. [12] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga angana na 31.888.534 Frw Umutoni Pascasie avuga ko Mulisa Kana Martin yatsindiye mu rubanza nºRCOM 0581/15/TC/NYGE, rwasanze atayahabwa kuko muri urwo rubanza ntaho bigaragara ko bagombaga kumwishyura ayo mafaranga. [13] Ku byerekeye umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30, rwasanze ibimenyetso rwashyikirijwe bigaragaza ko waguzwe mu gihe cyegereye itandukana, bityo rutabona ikimenyetso gihagije cyatuma ukurwa mu bigabanwa, kuko ntawavuga ko wabonetse batakibana mu gihe Mulisa yemeza ko batandukanye mu kwezi kwa gatandatu k’umwaka wa 2011, ariko akaba yarasinyanye na Umutoni icyiswe Loan agreement with creation of mortgage ku wa 22/11/2012, ibyo bikaba biterekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko uwo mutungo batawuhahanye cyangwa batari bawufitanye nk’uko Itegeko ribiteganya.

[14] Mu rubanza RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/01/2025, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin nta shingiro bufite; ko inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego yatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin nta shingiro ifite, ndetse ko ingingo ya 39 y’Itegeko nº59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina itakoreshejwe nabi n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye; ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie nta shingiro bufite; ko urubanza nº RC00401/2021/TGI/GSBO na RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 12/05/2023 rudahindutse; ko Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie bagabana ku buryo bungana imitungo ikurikira: Umutungo ufite UPI: 1/0/03/126 uri mu Mudugudu wa Mpazi, Akagali ka Katabaro, Umurenge wa Kimisagara, Akarere ka Nyarugenge; UPI: 1/02/11/03/2528 uri mu Mudugudu wa Kira, Akagari ka Kibenga, Umurenge wa Ndera, Akarere Gasabo; UPI: 5/01/14/04/2852 uri mu Mudugudu wa Rugarama, Akagari ka Murambi, Umurenge wa Rubona, Akarere ka Rwamagana; UPI: 1/03/10/02/322 uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Gasaraba, Akagari ka Nonko, Umurenge wa Nyarugunga, Akarere ka Kicukiro; UPI 1/03/06/01/30 uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Amajyambere, Akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro, n’inka enye (4). [15] Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje kandi ko umutungo ufite UPI :1/02/09/02/7733, uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Lindiro, Akagari ka Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimoronko, Akarere ka Gasabo, Umujyi wa Kigali wa Mulisa Kana Martin atagomba kuwugabana na Umutoni Pascasie; ko nta bimenyetso byerekana ko imitungo ifite UPI :1/01/04/02/1383, UPI:1/01/04/02/1408, UPI:1/01/04/02/1415 n’imodoka eshatu (3) byaguzwe bari kumwe cyangwa babitunganye; ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin ajurira ihwanye n’ibyakozwe. [16] Iyo mikirize y’urubanza Mulisa Kana Martin ntiyayishimiye, maze ajuririra urubanza nº RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri nº RCAA 00023/2025/CA, anenga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro ibimenyetso simusiga yatanze bigaragaza ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 yawubonye atakibana na Umutoni Pascasie no kuba rwarashingiye ku ngingo idafite aho ihuriye n’ikibazo cyariho, kandi yararugaragarije ibimenyetso bigaragaza inkomoko y’iyo mitungo, ndetse yaranarusobanuriye ko mu iyandikisha ry’ubutaka bufite UPI: 1/03/02/322 buherereye ku Gasaraba, UPI: 1/02/11/03/2528 buherereye i Ndera, UPI: 1/01/04/02/126 buherereye kuri Mpazi n’ubufite UPI: 5/14/04/2852 buherereye Rugarama muri Rwamagana habayeho kwibeshya bakabumwandikaho bakeka ko basezeranye imbere y’amategeko, ariko ko Urukiko rwakoze amakosa akomeye rugashingira ku ngingo ya 39 y’Itegeko nº 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose idafite aho ihuriye n’ikibazo rwashyikirijwe, rukanyuranya n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, bityo asaba ko amakosa yabaye mu kumwandikaho ubwo butaka yakosorwa bukavanwa mu mazina ye.

[17] Umutoni Pascasie mbere yo kwiregura ku bujurire bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko butakirwa ashingiye ku kuba yaratsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kubera ko mu gika cya 37 cy’urubanza nº RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko urubanza nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO - RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwajuririwe rudahindutse, naho mu bika bya 39-40 by’urwo rubanza rukemeza ibyari byategetswe mu rubanza rwari rwajuririwe. Bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kutakira ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko. [18] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye ku wa 07/01/2026, Mulisa Kana Martin yunganiwe na Me Barinabo Idris, naho Umutoni Pascasie yunganiwe na Me Maniraguha Viateur; Ngendahimana Bosco waje gusaba kwemererwa kugoboka ku bushake mu rubanza ahagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Gonzague; hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie ishingiye ku gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe n’ibigenda ku rubanza mu gihe rurangiriye aho, naho ibirebana n’ukugoboka mu rubanza bikazasuzumwa mu gihe gihe Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwazaba rusanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha idafite ishingiro. Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzabifataho icyemezo ku wa 23/01/2026, ari nawo munsi urubanza rusomeweho. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Gusuzuma niba ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire [19] Me MANIRAGUHA Viateur wunganira Umutoni Pascasie, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko1, yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko ubujurire bwa Mulisa Kana Martin butakirwa, ngo kuko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko mu gika cya 37 cy’urubanza no RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imanza zari zajuririwe zidahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, naho mu bika bya 39-40, rwemeza ibyari byategetswe mu rubanza nº RC00401/2021/TGI/GSBO - RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwari rwajuririwe, ibyo ngo bikaba byumvikanisha ko yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Ashingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RCOMAA 00012/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/20222, avuga ko 1 Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, iteganya ibi bikurikira: ″ Icyakora, ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe″. 2 Aho rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso byatanzwe ku rwego rubanza ari na byo byatanzwe ku rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa niba izo Nkiko zombi zarakoresheje amagambo amwe, ko ahubwo harebwa niba zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa.

Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu gusuzuma ingingo irebana no kumenya niba Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie bakwiye kugabana imitungo bashakanye, mu isesengura rwakoze mu bika bya 30-32 by’urubanza nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO na RC 00090/2022/TGI/ GSBO, rwasanze bagabana imitungo bashakanye, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 39 y’Itegeko nº 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose, ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nºRS/INCOST/PEN/00003/CS rwaciwe ku wa 07/01/2011, ku nyandiko z’Inzego z’Ibanze z’aho ababuranyi bari batuye no ku nyandiko za Mulisa Kana Martin yiyandikiye asaba inguzanyo muri Banki ya Kigali mu mwaka wa 2011. Asobanura ko ibyo byagarutsweho mu bujurire bwa mbere mu rubanza nº RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, aho Urukiko Rukuru na rwo rwasuzumye ingingo irebana no kumenya niba Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie bakwiye kugabana imitungo bashakanye, maze mu isesengura rwakoze mu bika bya 15-17, rushingiye ku byo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwashingiyeho mu kwemeza ko bagabana imitungo bashakanye, narwo rusanga bakwiye kuyigabana. Bityo ko kuba Inkiko zombi mu kwemeza ko bagabana imitungo bashakanye zarabibonye mu buryo bumwe, ubujurire bwa Mulisa Kana Martin budakwiye kwakirwa. [20] Umutoni Pascasie avuga kandi ko ibyo Mulisa Kana Martin avuga ko ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 2 agace ka 4º y’Itegeko nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko3, ngo kuko hari ibimenyetso byashyizwe muri dosiye nyuma yo gupfundikira iburanisha, hanyuma Urukiko rukabishingiraho ruca urubanza atabanje kubyireguraho, asanga bidakwiriye guhabwa ishingiro, kuko ibimenyetso byashyizwe muri system n’impande zombi nyuma yo gupfundikira iburanisha ari ibyari byagiweho impaka mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/12/2024, kandi ko uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa, atagaragaza ikimenyetso cyaba cyarashyizwe mu rubanza nyuma yo gupfundikira iburanisha cyashingiweho n’Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo. Ko Urukiko mu gusoza iburanisha rwasabye buri muburanyi kuzashyira muri dosiye ibimenyetso bishyigikira ibyo yavugiye mu Rukiko, buri ruhande rukabikorera ″note de plaidoirie″, bityo bikaba bitafatwa nk’ibimenyetso bishya byashyizwe mu rubanza nyuma y’uko rupfundikiwe, mu gihe byose byari byaburanyweho, ari na yo mpamvu Urukiko rwasabye buri muburanyi gushyiramo ibimureba. Bityo ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kutakira ngo rusuzumwe ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin. [21] Me Barinabo Idris wunganira Mulisa Kana Martin mu kwiregura ku nzitizi yatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie, avuga ko nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko Mulisa Kana Martin atatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko ku rupapuro rwa 8, mu gika cya 32 cy’urubanza nºRC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO na RC 00090/2022/TGI/ GSBO, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu kwemeza ko bagabana imitungo bashakanye rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 39 y’Itegeko nº 59/2008 ryo ku wa 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose no ku bindi bimenyetso rwashyikirijwe, ko ariko mu isesengura Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ku rupapuro rwa 13, mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza nº RCAA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rujuririrwa, ku birebana n’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30, rwasanze ugomba kujya mu mitungo bagomba kugabana rushingiye ku kuba hari inyandiko y’inguzanyo Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni 3 Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 4ºy’Itegeko nº30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko, iteganya ibi bikurikira: ″Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: (…) 4° zaciwe hashingiwe ku kimenyetso, inyandiko cyangwa imyanzuro byatanzwe nyuma yo gupfundikira urubanza kandi hatabayeho gusubukura iburanisha″;

Pascasie basinyeho bombi (loan agreement), kandi ko iyo nyandiko itigeze itangwa ku rwego rwabanje, ibyo bikaba ngo bivuze ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe ku birebana n’uwo mutungo umaze kuvugwa haruguru, mu gihe ku rwego rubanza Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwari rwategetse ko imitungo yose igabanwa na wo urimo rushingiye ku mpamvu zagaragajwe haruguru n’abatanze inzitizi. [22] Me Barinabo Idris avuga kandi ko ubujurire bwa Mulisa Kana Martin buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2 agace ka 4º y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko4, ngo kuko hari ibimenyetso byashyizwe muri dosiye nyuma yo gupfundikira iburanisha Urukiko rukabishingiraho ruca urubanza kandi atarashoboye kubyireguraho. Ko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza nºRCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG ryo ku wa 10/12/2024 nta na hamwe ababuranyi bavuze ku nyandiko y’inguzanyo yiswe loan agreement, cyangwa ngo n’Urukiko ruyivugeho, ko nyuma y’uko urubanza rupfundikiwe, ku wa 08/01/2025 Umutoni Pasacsie yashyize muri systeme iyo nyandiko, hanyuma ku wa 15/01/2025 Urukiko ruyishingiraho icyemezo cyarwo nk’uko bigaragara ku rupapuro rwa 13, mu gika cya 25 cy’urwo rubanza, aho rwategetse ko umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 ushyirwa mu mitungo bagomba kugabana rushingiye ku nyandiko y’inguzanyo (loan agreement), rutabanje guha ababuranyi umwanya wo kuyireguraho. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko ikibazo ababuranyi bafitanye gishingiye ku kumenya niba ubujurire bwa kabiri bw’urubanza nº RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/01/2025, Mulisa Kana Martin yatanze buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, harebwa niba butaba buzitirwa no kuba yaba yaratsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje nk’uko bivugwa na Umutoni Pascasie, ku ngingo nyamukuru yaburanwe yo kumenya niba ababuranyi bombi baragombaga kugabana imitungo nk’ababanye mu buryo busa n’ubw’abashakanye, ndetse n’imitungo yagombaga kurebwa n’iryo gabana. [24] Ikibazo cyerekeranye no gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyafashweho umurongo mu manza nyinshi zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga5 ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ruzishingiraho, aho izo Nkiko Nkuru zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri Rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza 4 Iyo ngingo ya 52 igika cya 2, agace ka 4o ikaba iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Urukiko rw’ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa kabiri bw’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku kimenyetso, inyandiko cyangwa imyanzuro byatanzwe nyuma yo gupfundikira urubanza kandi hatabayeho gusubukura iburanisha”. 5 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin. Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza no RCOMAA 0051/14/CS hagati ya RRA na SECAM Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2015 n’igika cya 21 cy’urubanza, n° RCOMAA 0038/16/CS - RCOMAA 0033/2016/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 hagati ya Bank of Kigali Plc na Mulisa Kana Martin. Reba urubanza n˚ RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product Ltd na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24.

impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko igisubizo ku kibazo kibukijwe mu gika kibanziriza iki kigerwaho hagereranyijwe impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho ku ngingo nyamukuru zasuzumye zigize ikiburanwa. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rubona ko by’umwihariko kuri uru rubanza rwatanzwemo iyi nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko na Umutoni Pascasie, Mulisa Kana Martin yiregura ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko ngo kuba hari ikimenyetso cy’umutungo cya “loan agreement” cyatanzwe nyuma yo gupfundikira iburanisha umucamanza yashingiyeho batahawe amahirwe yo kukiburanaho, n’ubwo ngo cyaba gishimangira cyangwa gikuraho ibyo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, ubwabyo bihagije mu kwemeza ko imitekerereze (reasonning) idashobora kuba imwe mu Nkiko zombi, bityo n’impamvu zidashobora kuba zimwe mu nkiko zombi. Igereranya ry’impamvu zashingiweho kandi rirashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe no mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC6, rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020 hagati ya SANLAM AG Plc AG Ltd na UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA (UR), mu guhuza imiburanire y’ababuranyi bombi n'imisesengurire y’urubanza muri izo Nkiko zombi mu buryo bukurikira. [26] Dosiye y’uru rubanza ku rwego rwa mbere igaragaza ko ikibazo nyamukuru cyasuzumwe mu rubanza nº RC 00401/2021/TGI/GSBO - RC 00090/2022/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 12/05/2023 ari icyerekeranye no kumenya niba hari imitungo Umutoni Pascasie na Mulisa Kana Martin bashakanye no kumenya niba bayigabana, cyasesenguwe mu bika bya 19 & 32 by’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rubona ko ababuranyi bombi babanye mu buryo budakurikije amategeko guhera mu mwaka wa 1990 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2013 nk’uko ubuyobozi bwaho bari batuye bwabyemeje, bisobanuye kandi ko babanye imyaka 23; rushingiye rero ku ngingo ya 39 igika cya 2 y’Itegeko no 59/2008 ryo ku 10/09/2008 rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku gitsina7, bigashimangirwa n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’urubanza RS/Inconst/Pén.0003/10/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’u Rwanda8, rusanga Mulisa Kana Martin na Umutoni Pascasie babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo bagomba kugabana ku buryo bungana imitungo inyuranye bashatse bari kumwe, harimo n’uwari wateje impaka cyane wnditse kuri UPI 1/03/06/01/30 uherereye mu mudugudu w’Amajyambere, akagari ka Gasharu, Umurenge wa Kicukiro, Akarere ka Kicukiro. [27] Iyo ngingo y’urubanza imaze kuvugwa yongeye gusuzumwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza no RCA 00230/2023/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/01/2025 mu mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa Mulisa Kana Martin yerekeranye no kumenya niba 6 Aho mu gika cya 23 cyarwo, rwasanze -Ibi kandi binumvikanisha ko ibyaburanwe mu rwego rwa mbere ari na byo ubusanzwe bigomba kuburanwa mu rwego rw’ubujurire hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. 7Aho iteganya ko “ababanaga nk’umugabo n’umugore batashyingiranywe byemewe n’amategeko, bagabana umutungo bafitanye cyangwa bahahanye iyo umwe muri bo yiyemeje gushyingiranwa n’undi mu gihe afite abagabo cyangwa abagore benshi”. 8 Bitanga ubusobanuro bugamije kurengera abatandukanye bamaze igihe babana nk’umugabo n’umugore batarashyingiranywe, bafatanya byose, kandi ko uko gutandukana kutagomba kuba ikibazo kuri bo cyangwa ngo habe uwakirenganiramo.

Urukiko rwarirengagije nkana igihe Mulisa Kana Martin yatandukaniye na Umutoni Pascasie maze umutungo ufite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 uherereye Gasharu, Kicukiro yaguzwe muri cyamunara tariki ya 24/11/2011 na Mulisa Kana Martin ku mafaranga 25.300.000 Frw, kuba umucamanza yarayishyize mu mitungo igomba kugabanywa harabayeho ukuvogera uburenganzira bwa Mulisa Kana Martin ku mutungo we bwite, uburenganzira ahabwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda; yasuzumwe mu gika cya 25 cy’urubanza, hagamijwe kumenya niba uwo mutungo waguzwe muri cyamunara tariki ya 24/11/2011 kuri 25.300.000 Frw nyuma ukaza kuvugururwa mu mwaka wa 2015 ndetse no mu mwaka wa 2018 na 2019 utagomba gushyirwa mu mitungo igomba kugabanwa. [28] Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ku byerekeye uwo mutungo UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko waguzwe mu gihe cyegereye itandukana ariko ko hari ibimenyetso bituma hatagaragara ko uyu mutungo waba warabonetse batakibana koko bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso bikaba ari uko Mulisa yemeza ko yatandukanye na Umutoni mu kwa gatandatu 2011 nyamara akaba yarasinyanye na we ikiswe Loan agreement with creation of mortgage ku itariki ya 22/11/2012 bikaba biterekana ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko uyu mutungo batawuhahanye cyangwa batari bawufitanye nk’uko itegeko ribiteganya, bityo na rwo ntirwabona ikimenyetso gihagije cyatuma ukurwa mu bigabanwa. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusesenguye imiburanire ya buri ruhande ku ngingo nyamukuru igize urubanza yavuzwe haruguru9, rukabihuza n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko n° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena Ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri butakirwa iyo uwajuriye yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ndetse n’umurongo wibukijwe haruguru wafashwe n’Inkiko Nkuru ku bijyanye n’isesengura rya bene iyi mpamvu y’iburabubasha ku bujurire bwa kabiri, rurasanga inkiko zombi zarasesenguye mu buryo bumwe (raisonnement juridique) byanatumye zishingira ku mpamvu zimwe mu kwemeza ko Mulisa Kana Martin atsinzwe, bityo ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri bukaba butagomba kwakirwa kuko uru Rukiko nta bubasha rufite bwo kubusuzuma mu mizi. Inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwe bwa kabiri ikaba ifite ishingiro. Bityo kandi n’ibirebana n’ukugoboka ku bushake muri uru rubanza kwa Ngendahimana Bosco bikaba bidashobora gusuzumwa kuko Urukiko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rw’iremezo uko kugoboka kwakabaye gukorwamo. Ibijyanye n’indishyi n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa [30] Umutoni Pascasie ashingiye ku ngingo ya 152 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishiriza y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ibucuruzi n’iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, avuga ko kuba Mulisa Kana Martin akomeje kumusiragiza mu manza kandi azi neza ko umutungo uburanwa bawushakanye no kuba yaratsinzwe inshuro ebyiri (2) hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ariko akanga kuva ku izima agakomeza kujurira kugira ngo akomeze awubyaze inyungu kuko ari we uwufite, ibyo bikorwa bye byo gukomeza kumusiragiza mu manza 9 Yerekeranye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwarirengagije nkana igihe Mulisa Kana Martin yatandukaniye na Umutoni Pascasie maze inzu ifite UPI: 1/03/06/01/30 iherereye Gasharu, Kicukiro yaguzwe muri cyamunara tariki ya 24/11/2011 na Mulisa Kana Martin ku mafaranga 25.300.000 Frw, kuba umucamanza yarayishyize mu mitungo igomba kugabanwa harabayeho ukuvogera uburenganzira bwa Mulisa Kana Martin ku mutungo we bwite.

akaba agomba kubimuhera indishyi z’akababaro no gusiragizwa mu manza zingana na 2.000.000 Frw, amafaranga angana na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri buri rwego, ku nzego zose yose hamwe akaba 3.000.000 Frw no kumusubiza amafaranga 20.000 Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo. [31] Mulisa Kana Martin yiregura kuri izi ndishyi Umutoni Pascasie asaba avuga ko nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa, ngo kuko ibyo yari yararegeye ku rwego rubanza atabitsindiye byose, kandi kuba impande zombi zari zarajuriye, ntaho yahera avuga ko yamusiragije mu manza. Kandi ko uretse n’ibyo, ko atigeze azisaba mu manza zabanje, ko ahubwo ari we ukwiye kugenerwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na 3.000.000 Frw yo kuri uru rwego mu gihe Urukiko rwazasanga ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [33] Hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’iyi ngingo y’Itegeko imaze kuvugwa hejuru, iyo ikirego cy’iremezo kitakiriwe nta kindi urukiko rwemerewe gusuzuma uretse gusa ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ibyagenze ku rubanza kuri urwo rwego, asabwa gucibwa umuburanyi watanze ikirego cy’iremezo kitakiriwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero amafaranga ajyanye n’igihembo cya Avoka Umutoni Pascasie asaba ko acibwa Mulisa KanaMartin ari yo agomba gusuzumirwa ishingiro; uru Rukiko ruaba rusanga afite ishingiro kuko byumvikana ko yashatse Avoka wo kumuburanira imbere y’Urukiko agakurikirana n’urubanza kuri uru rwego, rukaba rugomba kuyamugenera mu bushishozi bwarwo kuko ayo asaba ari umurengera hakurikijwe imigendekere y’uru rubanza; bityo rukaba rumugeneye angana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Umutoni Pascasie ifite ishingiro. [35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Mulisa Kana Martin butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

[36] Rwemeje ko ibijyanye n’ukugoboka muri uru rubanza kwa Ngendahimana Bosco bidashobora gusuzumwa. [37] Rutegetse Mulisa Kana Martin kwishyura Umutoni Pascasie amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. [38] Ruvuze ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama y’uru rubanza Mulisa Kana Martin yatanze ajurira ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.