MUNYANEZA KALIGAMBA v. HAKIZIMANA

# MUNYANEZA KALIGAMBA v. HAKIZIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-09-09 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 00080/2016/CHC/HCC - Collection: Commercial High Court

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MUNYANEZA KALIGAMBA v. HAKIZIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU RW’UBUCURUZI – RCOMA 00080/2016/CHC/HCC (Mutajuri, P.J.) 9 Nzeli 2016] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi – Kwemerwa kw’ikibazo nk’ikirego cy’ubucuruzi – Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi ntirwakwanga kwakira ikirego gisaba gusubizwa station ya essence rukitiranya n’ikirego cy’izungura; ahubwo rugomba kucyakira kuko station ari igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kandi ibibazo bikivutseho bikaba bigomba gukemurwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi – Itegeko Ngenga N° 06/2012/OL ryo kuwa 14/09/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko z’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 2 n’Amabwiriza ya Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga N° 002/2015 yo kuwa 18/05/2015 agenga ‟ ‟ imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo za 26. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza ruturuka ku kirego cyasabaga gusubizwa Station ya essence ariko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rukanga kucyakira ruvuga ko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo kuko atari ikirego cy’ubucuruzi. Kaligamba Munyaneza David wari wagitanze yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko ikirego cye kiri mu bubasha bw’urwo rukiko ashingiye ku kuba ariwe muzungura wenyine wari usigaye kuko ababyeyi be n’abamukomokaho bose bari baritabye Imana, yashingiye kandi ku amasezerano atandukanye agaragaza igurishwa ndetse n;ikodeshwa ry’iyo station no kuba uwo arega ari umucuruzi wabigize umwuga. Uwunganira Hakizimana Jean avuga ko ari Urukiko rwabyibwirije rusanga ikirego kitari mu bubasha bwarwo. Yasoje asaba 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyaruginge ntirwagombaga kwanga kwakira ikirego cyaburanwagamo station ya essence kuko ngo kirebana no gusubizwa umutungo bityo kikaba kitari mu bubasha bwarwo ahubwo rutegetswe kukiburanisha kuko kuba ibibazo by’ubucuruzi bivuga imanza z’ubucuruzi, iz’imari, iz’imisoro n’amahoro n’ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano byerekeye: 1° impaka zivutse ku masezerano cyangwa ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi hagati y’abantu cyangwa ibigo by’ubucuruzi kandi station ya essence yaburanwaga akaba ari igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kandi uwaregwaga akaba akora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwa essence bigaragaza ko ikibazo kivutse kuri icyo gikorwa kigomba kuregerwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi dore ko icyaburanwaga ari uburenganzira kuri icyo gikorwa aho kuba izungura nk’uko byiriranyijwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Ubujurire burakiriwe kandi bufite ishingiro. Icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego cyafashwe n’urukiko rubanza kivanyweho. Rutegegetse kuzakirwa kw’iki kirego kiramutse cyongeye gutangwa no kuzaburanishwa mu mizi nta ngwate y’amagarama atanmzwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga N° 06/2012/OL ryo kuwa 14/09/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko z’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 2.

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Amabwiriza ya Perezida w Urukiko rw Ikirenga N° 002/2015 yo kuwa 18/05/2015 ‟ ‟ agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo za 26 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Munyaneza Kaligamba David avuga ko Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Kaligamba David kitari mu bubasha bw'urukiko ndetse runategeka ko yishyura Hakizimana Jean 1,000,000 Frws [2] Kaligamba David akaba atarishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza bituma arujuririra avuga ko ikirego cye ari icy’ubucuruzi. [3] Asobanura ko Kaligamba David nk'umuzungura rukumbi wa Kaligamba Pierre, yatanze ikirego asaba urukiko ko rwategeka Hakizimana Jean kumusubiza Station ya Essance ye kuko ayitunze mu buryo bw'uburiganya. Kaligamba David yagaragarije urukiko aho ashingira aregera urukiko rw'ubucuruzi. Icya mbere yerekanye ibigaragaza ko ise Kaligamba Pierre n'abamukomokaho bose bitabye Imana mu gihe cya jenosode yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994. Yerekana kandi ko abavandimwe be bose bitabye Imana akaba ariwe wenyine ufite uburenganzira busesuye bwo kuzungura umuryango we. [4] Yagaragarije urukiko amasezerano yagiye abaho mu igurishwa ry'iyo station ndetse agaragaza amasezerano y'ubucuruzi n'ubukode bw'iyo station, anagaragaza ko uwo arega ari umucuruzi wabigize umwuga. Ashingiye kuri ibyo byose asanga nta rundi rukiko rufite ububasha mu kuburanisha ikirego cye usibye urukiko rw'ubucuruzi. [5] Muri uru rubanza hakaba hagomba gusuzumwa niba ikirego cya Munyaneza Kaligamba David ari icy’ubucuruzi. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO A. Ku birebana no gusuzuma niba iki kirego ari icy’ubucuruzi [6] Me Ntivuguruzwa Emmanuel asobanura ko mu kurega bashingiye ku bintu bitatu, imiterere y’ikiregerwa (nature) kugira uwarezwe aregwe ari amasezerano y’ubucuruzi yari afite, Icya kabiri akaba ari uko uwarezwe nawe ubwe yiyemerera ko ari umucuruzi ndetse anemera ko ibiregerwa bifite ishingiro na cyane ko station iburanwa ari iya Kaligamba Pierre ise wa Kaligamba Munyaneza David. [7] Akomeza avuga ko na none ishingiro ry’ikirego cye ko ari icy’ubucuruzi, ari itegeko risobanura umucuruzi uwo ariwe. Ingingo ya 1 y’itegeko teka (du décretis loi) ryo kuwa 02 /08/1913 ivuga ko " sont commercant ceux qui font profession des actes qualifié commerciaux par la loi"

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[8] Na none avuga ko abahanga mu mategeko yúbucuruzi bavuga ko ‘’ si l'acte est civil pour le défendeur, seul le tribunal civil sera compétant, mais si, au contraire l'acte est commercial pour le défendeur, le demandeur a le choix entre la juridction civile, et la juridiction commerciale’’. Asoza avuga ko abahanga basobanura neza imiterere y'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi bavuga ko " la catégorie de contrats commerciaux n'existe pas comme tel, tout contrat peut être civil, commercial ou mixte. Tout dépend des personnes qui contractent et du dessein qu'elles poursuivent. Nous savons qu'un contrat sera commercial quand il est accompli par un commerçant pour besoins de son commerce. [9] Me MUNYANGABE Henri Pierre avuga ko urukiko arirwo rwabyibwirije ko ku ruhande rwabo nta kibazo bafite, ko kandi urukiko rusanze urubanza rutari mu bubasha bw’inkiko z’ubucuruzi uregwa yahabwa indishyi zihwanye n’amafaranga 500,000 y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. [10] Me Ntivuguruzwa Emmanuel asobanura ko bamaze amezi atatu babashakisha ko ahubwo aribo bakabaye bahabwa izo ndishyi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ingingo ya 1 y’itegeko ryo kuwa 02 Kanama 1913 iteganya ko ‘’ abacuruzi ni abakora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. [12] Ingingo ya 2, 10 y’itegeko Ngenga N° 06/2012/OL ryo kuwa 14/09/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’inkiko z’ubucuruzi iteganya ko ‘’Muri iri tegeko ngenga, “ibibazo by’ubucuruzi “bivuga imanza z’ubucuruzi, iz’imari, iz’imisoro n’amahoro n’ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano byerekeye: 1° impaka zivutse ku masezerano cyangwa ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi hagati y’abantu cyangwa ibigo by’ubucuruzi.’’ [13] Ingingo ya 26 igika cya 2 n’icya 3 y’Amabwiriza ya Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga N° 002/2015 yo kuwa 18/05/2015 agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ‘’… Nyamara, iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere; rukarusubiza Urukiko rwari rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe. Urukiko rwohererejwe uru rubanza ntirushobora kwanga kuburanisha urwo rubanza rwitwaje ko rwafashe icyemezo kuri iryo bura bubasha.’’ [14] Urukiko rusanga ibyemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyaruginge ko ikirego RCOM1494/15/TC/NYGE cyaburanwagamo station ya essence kitakiriwe kuko kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, rusobanura ko ari ikirego kirebana no gusubizwa umutungo (station) bitahabwa ishingiro kuko nk’uko kuba icyaburanwaga byonyine ari igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi (station ya essence), byongeye uwaregwaga akaba ari umuntu ukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwa essence nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 1 y’itegeko ryo kuwa 02 Kanama 1913 ryavuzwe haruguru, ikibazo cyavutse kuri icyo gikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kikaba ntahandi kigomba kuregerwa usibye mu rukiko rw’ubucuruzi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, 10 y’itegeko Ngenga N° 06/2012/OL ryo kuwa 14/09/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru. [15] Urukiko rusanga urukiko rubanza rwaritiranyije igikorwa cyakozwe na Munyaneza Kaligamba David cyo gukurikirana umutungo wa station ya essence avuga ko wasizwe na se

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umubyara n’igikorwa cy’izungura, ikigaragara akaba ari uko icyaburanwaga atari izungura ahubwo ari uburenganzira bwo gukurikira umuntungo nka nyirawo, kubw’impamvu zose zimaze kurondorwa , iki kirego kikaba cyaragombaga kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge kuko cyari mu bubasha bwarwo, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 26 igika cya 2 n’icya 3 y’Amabwiriza ya Perezida w Urukiko rw’Ikirenga N° 002/2015 ‟ yo kuwa 18/05/2015 yavuzwe haruguru, urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rukaba rutegetswe kuburanisha iki kirego. B. Ku birebana no gusesengura ikibazo cy’indishyi [16] Urukiko rusanga indishyi zisabwa zazaburanirwa hamwe n’urubanza mu mizi. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [17] Rwemeye kwakira ubujurire bwa Munyaneza Kaligamba David rubusuzumye rusanga bufite ishingiro. [18] Rwemeje ko icyemezo cyo kutakira ikirego cyafashwe mu rubanza RCOM1494/15/TC/NYGE Munyaneza Kaligamba David yaregagamo Hakizimana Jean kivanyweho. [19] Rutegetse ko Munyaneza Kaligamba David naramuka yongeye gushyikiriza iki kirego Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge rugomba kukiburanisha mu mizi kandi nta ngwate y’amagarama yindi itanzwe.