MUNYARUKATO N’UNDI vs MUTUYEYEZU

# MUNYARUKATO N’UNDI vs MUTUYEYEZU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-03-28 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/CA - CMB RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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MUNYARUKATO N’UNDI vs MUTUYEYEZU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/CA - CMB RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga, R., P.J., Umugwaneza na Munyangeri J.) 28 Wrurwe 2024] Amategeko mbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka – Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka akozwe mu buryo by’inyandikompamo (acte authentique) niyo agira agaciro kubera ko ari na yo yonyine yemerwa igihe cy’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka rishingiye ku masezerano yo kubwegurira undi. Amategeko mbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka – iseswa ry’amasezerano – Iyo Urukiko rutegetse ko ibintu bisubira uko byari bimeze mbere yo gukora amasezerano yateshejwe agaciro n’Urukiko, uwakiriye ikiguzi (amafaranga) agomba kugisubiza uwaguze hinyongereyeho inyungu zacyo, zibarirwa ku kigereranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/ average lending rate) kigaragara mu nyandiko yitwa Interest Rate Structure gitangazwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ku rubuga rwayo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Mutuyeyezu arega umuvandimwe we Munyarukato na Numubyeyi umugore we mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi kubera amafaranga yagurije Munyarukato bakumvikana ko bazayaheraho bagura ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299. Nyuma Mutuyeyezu yashatse kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi yari asigaye kugirango hakorwe ihererekanya ry’ubutaka, Munyarukato ntiyabyemera avuga ko nta bugure bwabayeho. Munyarukato yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cye avuga ko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze arirwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibijyanye n’ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwemeje ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. Mu rubanza mu mizi, Munyarukato yireguye avuga ko aribyo koko yakiriye Mutuyeyezu, bumvikana ko azakurwa ku bugure bw’ikibanza azamugurisha, bumvikana kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’icyo kibanza azakorwa ari uko Mutuyeyezu amaze kugisura, ariko ko yasabye Mutuyeyezu ko basura icyo kibanza bagakora amasezerano y’ubugure, arabyanga. Numubyeyi we yireguye avuga ko nta mpamvu yo kumuzana mu manza kuko ubutaka busabirwa gukorerwa mutation bwanditse kuri Munyarukato 100%. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00066/2019/TGI/GIC rwasanze kuri Numubyeyi, usibye kuba yarashakanye na Munyarukato, ntaho ahuriye n’ikibanza kiburanwa, bityo ko kuri we ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Rwemeza ko Mutuyeyezu yaguze na Munyarukato ikibanza kiburanwa. Rutegeka ko icyo kibanza kivanwa kuri Munyarukato kikandikwa kuri Mutuyeyezu. Munyarukato na Numubyeyi ntibanyuzwe n’imikirize yurwo rubanza barujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, basaba gusuzuma niba koko hari amasezerano y’ubugure Munyarukato yagiranye na Mutuyeyezu. Mutuyeyezu yireguye avuga ko yagurije Munyarukato amafaranga, agomba kuyamwishyura mu mezi abiri, abuze ubwishyu amugurisha ikibanza kugira ngo umwenda uherweho mu kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’icyo kibanza, asabye Munyarukato ngo amukorere mutation nawe amuhe amafaranga y’ikiguzi yari asigaye, arabyanga.

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Urukiko mu rubanza Mu rubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze inyandiko ku wa 25/06/2014 ari amasezerano y’ubugure. Rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Munyarukato n’umugore we Numubyeyi nta shingiro bufite. Munyarukato na Numubyeyi basabye ko urubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n˚ 121/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Munyarukato na Numubyeyi Diane basaba gusuzuma niba inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ku buryo yashingirwaho mu kwemeza ihererekanya ry’umutungo utimukanwa rishingiye ku bugure mu gihe atakorewe imbere ya noteri ndetse na Numubyeyi atayashyizeho umukono kandi yarashyingiranywe na Munyarukato mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko bagasezerana ivangamutungo rusange. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2023/CA - CMB RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2024/CA rwemeje ko nta bugure bw’ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 bwabayeho kuko bwakozwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’Amategeko kuko butakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka kandi ko Numubyeyi nk’umugore wa Munyarukato atashyize umukono ku nyandiko bita amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza kiburanwa. Urukiko rwemeje kandi ko Munyarukato yishyura Mutuyeyezu amafaranga yose yari yamuhaye hiyongereyeho n’inyungu zayo. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka akozwe mu buryo by’inyandikompamo (acte authentique) niyo agira agaciro kubera ko ari na yo yonyine yemerwa igihe cy’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka rishingiye ku masezerano yo kubwegurira undi. Bityo, kugira ngo ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa w’abashyingiranwe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange bwemerwe bugomba kuba bukorewe imbere ya Noteri kandi bigizwemo uruhare n’abashyingiranwe bombi nubwo umwe mu bashyingiranywe yaba atanditse kuri uwo mutungo. 2. Iyo Urukiko rutegetse ko ibintu bisubira uko byari bimeze mbere yo gukora amasezerano yateshejwe agaciro n’Urukiko, uwakiriye ikiguzi (amafaranga) agomba kugisubiza uwaguze hinyongereyeho inyungu zacyo, zibarirwa ku kigereranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/ average lending rate) kigaragara mu nyandiko yitwa Interest Rate Structure gitangazwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ku rubuga rwayo. 3. Iyo ababurana mu rubanza, umwe wese agize ibyo atsindira nibyo atsindirwa, nta ndishyi z’ibyagiye ku rubanza bahabwa n’Urukiko. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, Ingingo ya 111 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo Ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC, haburana TWIZERIMANA Théoneste vs MANIZABAYO Kennedy, igika cya 23 – 27; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020, Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2021/SC, haburana MUKANDORI vs KAYITESI (igika cya 31); rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/05/2022, Urubanza RCAA 00002/2023/CA, haburana NGABONZIZA M. Alphonse vs KAZOZA RUSHAGO Justin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/11/2023 (igika cya 30); Urubanza RCAA 00021/2022/CA, haburana MAMBO Kalisa Charles vs RUTAGENGWA Georges n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2023, (igika cya 26). Urubanza RCAA 00010/2022/CA CMB RCA 00017/2022/CA, haburana RUHUMURIZA Richard vs NYIRABIHOGO Aline n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2023, igika cya 29 Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00027/2022/CA, Haburana NYIRABAZUNGU Marie Jeanne n’abandi vs UKAM PROPERTIES Ltd n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2023, igika cya 70 – 71 Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/05/2014, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yagurije umuvandimwe we Munyarukato Eric amafaranga ibihubi magana atatu (300.000Frw) yagombaga kumwishyura mu gihe cy’amezi abiri (2). Igihe cyo kwishyura cyarageze Munyarukato Eric ntiyashobora kwishyura, ku wa 25/06/2014 bandika inyandiko ivuga ko agurishije Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Musetsa, Akagari ka Horezo, Umurenge wa Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi, gifite agaciro ka miliyoni ebyi (2.000.000Frw), icyo gihe Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco aha Munyarukato Eric andi mafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) yiyongera ku yo yari raramugurije, yose hamwe aba ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw), bemeranywa ko ayo mafaranga yose ari ama avances kuri ubwo bugure, bemeranya kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugure azakorwa ari uko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco asuye icyo kibanza. [2] Ku wa 07/08/2014, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yongeye guha Munyarukato Eric amadolari igihumbi (1.000 $). Nyuma nibwo Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yashatse kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi yari asigaye kugirango hakorwe ihererekanya ry’ubutaka, Munyarukato Eric ntiyabyemera avuga ko nta bugure bwabayeho. Ibyo byatumye ku wa 30/08/2019 Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco arega Munyarukato Eric n’umugore we Numubyeyi Diane mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, asaba gutegeka ko bamukorera ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka (mutation), bakanamuha indishyi zinyuranye, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega. [3] Mu kwiregura, Munyarukato Eric yabanje gutanga inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cya Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, akavuga ko kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, ko Urukiko rw’Ibanze arirwo rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ibijyanye n’ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka. Ku wa 10/03/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwemeje ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. [4] Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Munyarukato Eric yireguye avuga ko aribyo koko yakiriye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) ya Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, bumvikana ko azakurwa ku bugure bw’ikibanza azamugurisha, bumvikana kandi ko amasezerano y’ubugure

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bw’icyo kibanza azakorwa ari uko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco amaze kugisura, ariko ko yasabye Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco ko basura icyo kibanza bagakora amasezerano y’ubugure, arabyanga, ageze aho akoreramo ibindi bikorwa. Ko naho amadolari igihumbi (1.000 $) Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yamuhaye, ntaho ahuriye n’iby’icyo kibanza, ko yayamuhaye kugira ngo ayakoreshe mu birebana n’imishinga y’urugomero rw’amashanyarazi bari bafatanyije icyo gihe. Numubyeyi Diane we yireguye avuga ko nta mpamvu yo kumuzana mu manza kuko ubutaka busabirwa gukorerwa mutation bwanditse kuri Munyarukato Erick 100%. [5] Mu rubanza RC00066/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 04/09/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze kuri Numubyeyi Dianne, usibye kuba yarashakanye na Munyarukato Eric, ntaho ahuriye n’ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 kiregerwa gukorerwa mutation kuko cyanditse 100% kuri Munyarukato Eric, bityo ko kuri we ikirego nta shingiro gifite. [6] Kuri Munyarukato Eric, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, rushingiye no ku nyandiko yo ku wa 15/05/2014, iyo ku wa 25/06/2014 n’iyo ku wa 07/08/2014, rwemeje ko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yaguze na Munyarukato Eric ikibanza gifite UPI:4/05/06/02/299 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Musetsa, Akagari ka Horezo, Umurenge wa Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi, Intara y’Amajyaruguru. [7] Rutegeka ko icyo kibanza kivanwa kuri Munyarukato Eric kikandikwa kuri Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, rutegeka Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco guha Munyarukato Eric amafaranga yamusigayemo bagura icyo kibanza, rutegeka Munyarukato Eric guha Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco indishyi zingana n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000Frw), akamuha ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, ibihumbi ijana (100.000Frw) y’ikurikirana rubanza n’ibihumbi makumyabiri (20.000Frw) y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega. [8] Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane, bajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, basaba gusuzuma niba koko hari amasezerano y’ubugure Munyarukato Eric yagiranye na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco. [9] Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yireguye avuga ko yagurije Munyarukato Eric amafaranga, agomba kuyamwishyura mu mezi abiri, abuze ubwishyu amugurisha ikibanza kugira ngo umwenda uherweho mu kwishyura amafaranga y’ikiguzi cy’icyo kibanza, asabye Munyarukato Eric ngo amukorere mutation nawe amuhe amafaranga y’ikiguzi yari asigaye, uyu arabyanga. [10] Mu rubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze inyandiko ku wa 25/06/2014 ari amasezerano y’ubugure. Rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Munyarukato Eric n’umugore we Numubyeyi Diane nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko nta gihinduka ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Rutegeka Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane gufatanya guha Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco amafaranga ibihumbi magana arindwi (700.000Frw) y’indishyi z’ibyo yatanze ku rubanza mu bujurire no kumusubiza ingwate y’imagarama yatanze. [11] Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane basabye ko urubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/07/2021 rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu yemezo n˚ 121/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 12/08/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenge yemeza ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire.

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[12] Urwo rubanza rwanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00005/2023/CA CMB RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2024/CA, rubunishwa mu ruhame ku wa 14/03/2024, Munyarukato Eric ahagarariwe na Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin, Numubyeyi Diane ahagarariwe Me Ndejeje Pascal naho Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco ahagarariwe na Me Ntahomvukiye Edourd. [13] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, uburanira Munyarukato Eric kimwe n’uburanira Numubyeyi Diane basaba gusuzuma niba inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ku buryo yashingirwaho mu kwemeza ihererekanya ry’umutungo utimukanwa rishingiye ku bugure mu gihe atakorewe imbere ya noteri ndetse na Numubyeyi Diane atayashyizeho umukono kandi yarashyingiranywe na Munyarukato Eric mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko bagasezerana ivangamutungo rusange. Bakavuga ko uru Rukiko rwazabona ko nta bugure bwabayeho, rugategeka ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rusubirishwamo gikuweho, rugategeka ko ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 cyandikurwa kuri Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco kikandikwa kuri Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco akabaha indishyi zitandukanye akanabasubiza amafaranga batakaje bakurikirana izi manza. [14] Uhagarariye Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco avuga ko ubugure bwabayeho, ko ikitarabaye ari mutation ari nayo igomba kubera imbere ya notori, kandi ko bitari ngomba ko Numubyeyi Diane asinya kuri ubwo bugure kuko ikibanza cyagurishijwe cyanditswe kuri Munyarukato Eric 100%. Asaba kwemeza ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rudahindutse. Ariko ko mu gihe Urukiko rwazasanga Munyarukato Eric agomba gusubirana uwo mutungo, rwazamutegeka kumusubiza amafaranga yawuguze, hiyongereyeho inyungu zayo. Ko naho indishyi n’amafaranga y’ibyakoreshejwe mu manza Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane basaba ntazo bakwiye guhabwa kuko ari bo bishoye mu manza, ahubwo ko aribo bakwiye kumuha indishyi z’akababaro, amafanga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka kubera gukomeza kumushora mu manza zidafite ishigiro. [15] Harebwe impaka ziri muri uru rubanza, harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira Kumenya niba inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 hagati ya Munyarukato Eric na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco; Kumenya amafaranga Mutuyezu Jean Bosco yasubizwa mu gihe hakwemezwa ko ubutaka buburanwa ari ubwa Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane Kumenya niba indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ababuranyi basaba afite ishingiro II.ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA Ibyerekeye kumenya niba inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 hagati ya MUNYARUKATO Eric na MUTUYEYEZU Jean Bosco [16] Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin uhagarariye Munyarukato Eric na Me Ndejeje Pascal uhagarariye Numubyeyi Diane bavuga ko mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Urukio Rukuru rwemeje ko Munyarukato Eric na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco bagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 rushingiye ku nyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 Munyarukato Eric yemereyeho ko yakiriye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) ahawe na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco asanga andi ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) yari yaramugurije

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mbere ku wa 15/05/2014, yose hamwe uko ari ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) akazava ku kibanza Munyarukato Eric azagurisha Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, ariko ko amasezerano y’ubugure azakorwa ari uko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco asuye icyo kibanza. [17] Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin na Me Ndejeje Pascal bavuga ko inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 itagombaga gufatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure kubera impamvu zikurikira : Kuba itubahirije imihango iteganywa mu ngingo ya 34 igika cya 1, y’Iteka rya Minisitiri N° 002/2008 ryo ku wa 01/04/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka rikorwa, iteganya ko ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa bugomba gukorerwa imbere ya noteri ; Kuba Numubyeyi Diane nk’umugore wa Munyarukato Eric basezeranye ivangamutongo rusange, atarigeze ashyira umukono kuri iyo nyandiko ; Ku bw’ibyo, basaba uru Rukiko kwemeza ko nta bugure bw’ikibanza bwabaye hagati ya Munyarukato Eric na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, kwemeza ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rukuweho, maze ikibanza gifite gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 kigasubizwa Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane kuko bagisangiye. [18] Me Ntahomvukiye Edourd avuga ko hagati ya Munyarukato Eric na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco habaye amasesezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka bufite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014, ko ikitarabaye ari mutation, ariyo Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yaregeye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi asaba ko yakorwa, ariyo mpamvu Numubyeyi Diane nawe yazanywe mu rubanza kuko mutation itashoboraga gukorwa atabyemeye nk’umugore w’isezerano wa Munyarukato Eric. [19] Ku bijyanye no kuba ubugure butarabereye kwa noteri, Me Ntahomvukiye Edourd avuga ko ibyo nta shingiro bifite kuko nyuma yo kwemeza ko habaye amasezerano y’ubugure, ari bwo imihago yo kujya imbere na noteri yagombaga gukorwa ku birebana no kwandikwaho umutungo hakozwe ihererekanya ryawo rishingiye ku bugure. Naho ku bijyanye n’uko Numubyeyi Diane atasinye ku nyandiko y’ubugure, akavuga ko bitari ngombwa kuko ikibanza cyagurishijwe cyari cyanditse 100% kuri Munyarukato Eric. Asaba kwemeza ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane rudahindutse. Uko Urukiko rubibona [20] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya agaciro kahabwa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka atarakorewe imbere ya noteri (ni ukuvuga akozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite) kandi yakozwe n’umwe gusa mu bashingiranywe bafitanye amasezerano y’ivangamutungo rusange. [21] Impaka ku gaciro k’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka atarakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite imbere ya noteri w’ubutaka zakemuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’izo nkiko1. Muri izo manza hemejwe ko amasezerano y’ubugure

1 Muri izo manza harimo: -Urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020, haburana TWIZERIMANA Théoneste na MANIZABAYO Kennedy (igika cya 23 – 27; - Urubanza n° Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00014/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/05/2022, haburana MUKANDORI na KAYITESI (igika cya 31); - Urubanza n° RCAA 00002/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/11/2023 NGABONZIZA M. Alphonse n’undi baburana na KAZOZA RUSHAGO Justin (igika cya 30);

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bw’ubutaka akozwe mu buryo by’inyandikompamo (acte authentique) ariyo agira agaciro kubera ko ari na yo yonyine yemerwa igihe cy’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka rishingiye ku masezerano yo kubwegurira undi. Ko uwaguze hakozwe amasezerano mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite (acte sous seing privé), ubugure bwe buba ari imfabusa. [22] Ku byerekeye ubugure bukozwe n’umwe mu bashyingiranwe mu buryo bw’ivangwa mutungo rusange, icyo kibazo nacyo cyakemuwe mu rubanza RCAA00010/2022/CA CMB RCA 00017/2022/CA. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu micungire y’umutungo mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange, buri umwe mu bashyingiranywe aba awufiteho uruhare rungana n’urwa mugenzi we, n’iyo waba wanditse ku mazina y’umwe muri bo2. [23] Ibi bivuze ko kugira ngo ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa w’abashyingiranwe mu buryo bw’ivangamutungo rusange bwemerwe bugomba kuba bukorewe imbere ya Noteri kandi bigizwemo uruhare n’abashyingiranwe bombi. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza irimo inyandiko yo ku wa 26/05/2014 yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite ivuga ko Munyarukato Eric ahawe na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco amafaranga 300.000Frw, yiyongera kubihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) yari yaramugurije mbere, yose hamwe akaba ari ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000Frw) atanzwe nka avance azaherwaho ku bugure bw’ikibanza cya Munyarukoto Eric gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299, gifite agaciro ka miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 Frw); amasezerano y’ubugure akazakorwa ari uko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco asuye icyo kibanza. Iyi nyandiko Numubyeyi Diane nk’umugore w’isesezerano wa Munyarukatoeric basezeranye uburyo bw’ivangamutungo3, ntiyigeze ayishyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe. [25] Nkuko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 23, uru Rukiko rurasanga inyandiko yo ku wa 26/05/2014 idashobora gufatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ufite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 kuko yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite kandi ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa bukozwe muri ubwo buryo buba imfabusa ndetse ubwo bugure Numubyeyi Diane nk’umugore wa Munyarukato Eric bavanze umutungo mu buryo bwa rusange akaba atarabugizemo uruhare kandi nawe afite uburenganzira kuri uwo mutungo kabone n’ubwo utamwanditsweho4. [26] Kubera izo mpamvu, uru Rukiko rurasanga inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014 idashobora gufatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ikibanza UPI: 4/05/06/02/299 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Musetsa, Akagari ka Horezo, Umurenge wa Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi hagati ya Munyarukato Eric na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco kuko yakozwe mu buryo bw’inyandiko bwite; icyo kibanza kikaba kigomba kuguma mu maboko ya Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane. Ibyerekeye kumenya amafaranga MUTUYEYEZU Jean Bosco yasubizwa [27] Uburanira Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco avuga ko mu gihe Urukiko rwazasanga Munyarukato Eric yararenganijwe, bityo ko asubirana umutungo yagurishije Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco, rwazategeka ko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco asubizwa amafaranga y’ikiguzi yatanze angana na 600.000Frw yiyongeraho

- N’urubanza n° Urubanza Nº RCAA 00021/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa28/02/2023, haburana MAMBO Kalisa Charles na RUTAGENGWA Georges n’abandi (igika cya 26). 2 Reba igika cya 29 cy’urubanza n° RCAA 00010/2022/CA CMB RCA 00017/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa WA 30/01/2023, haburana RUHUMURIZA Richard na NYIRABIHOGO Aline n’abandi 3 Ibyo byemezwa n’inyandiko y’ishyingirwa yatanzwe 17/08/2012 iri muri dosiye y’uru rubanza 4 Reba icyangwa cy’ubutaka cy’uwo mutungo kiri muri dosiye y’uru rubanza, kigaragaza ko wanditswe 100% kuri MUNYARUKATO Eric.

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1.000U $ n’ingu zayo zingana na 18% zibazwe hashingiwe ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha kinga na 1.270 Frw ku idolari rimwe 1 $, 1.000 $, akaba 1.270.000Frw,hakwiyongeraho 600.000Frw akaba 1.870.000Frw, inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 18% ku mwaka, zikaba 336.000Frw, wakuba n’igihe cy’imyaka 10 Munyarukato Eric ayamaranye, inyungu zikaba 3.360.000Frw, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco agasubizwa amafaranga yose hamwe angana na 1 870.000Frw + 3.360.000Frw = 5.230.000Frw. [28] Ababuranira Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane bavuga ko 1.000 $ Mutuyeyeyzu Jean Bosco asaba gusubizwa, adakwiye kuyahabwa kuko ntaho ahuriye n’ubugure bw’ikibanza kivugwa, ko ashingiye ku mikoranire Munyarukato Eric yari afitanye na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco muri sosiyete yitwa Regrepower yakoraga ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi, iyo mikoranire yagati yabo ikaba yaratangiye ku wa 15/01/2010 kugeza ku wa 31/05/2018 ubwo Munyarukato Eric yatangaga imigabane ye yose nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko mvugo y’Inteko rusange idasanzwe ya Regrepower. Ko rero Munyarukato Eric yayakiriye ayo 1000 $ nka Directeur Générale w’iyo sosiyete, agenewe gukoreshwa ibikorwa by’iyo sosiyete. Uko Urukiko rubibona [29] Nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, ababuranyi bombi bemeranya ko hari amafaranga yatanzwe na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco kandi bikaba byanagaragaye ko ibyo yibwiraga ko agamije (kugura ubutaka) mu by’ukuri atabikoze. Impaka zisigaye rero si ukumenya niba agomba kuyasubizwa, ahubwo ni ukumenya umubare w’ayo agomba gusubizwa habariwemo inyungu zayo. [30] Ibijyanye n’uburyo inyungu zibarwa, byakemuwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00027/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/20235. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rwemeje ko mu gihe Urukiko rusanze umuburanyi agomba gusubizwa ikiguzi cyatanzwe hamwe n’inyungu; inyungu zigomba kubarirwa ku kigereranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/ average lending rate) kigaragara mu nyandiko yitwa Interest Rate Structure gitangazwa na Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda ku rubuga rwayo rwayo www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial- market/money- market-interest-rates/monthly-interest-rates6. [31] Muri uru rubanza, nk’uko bigaragara mu inyandiko yo ku wa 25/06/2014, Munyarukato Eric yakiriye amafaranga ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.00 Frw) ayahawe na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco nka avance azaherwaho bagura ikibanza gifite UPI: 4/05/06/02/299. Bigaragara kandi ko ku wa 07/08/2014, yongeye Munyarukato Eric (amadolari ya America igihumbi (1000 $). [32] Nyuma y’uko bigaragaye ko nta bugure bwabayeho nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, Uru Rukiko rurasanga ibintu bigomba gusubira uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko imanza zitangira, Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane bagasubirana ubutaka bwabo, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco nawe agasubizwa amafaranga y’ikiguzi yatanze angana n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.00Frw) hiyongereyeho amadorari igihumbi (1000 $), ndetse n’inyungu zayo kuko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yari yizeye ko ubutaka aguze azabubyaza umusaruro akabubonamo inyungu, ariko kuba atariko byagenze, akaba agomba kubiherwa inyungu zigomba kubarwa guhera igihe yatangiwe kugeza igihe uru rubanza ruciriwe, tariki 28/03/2024. Urukiko rurasanga kandi inyungu zigomba kubarirwa ku kigereranyo cy’inyungu ku nguzanyo (taux moyen de prêt/ average lending rate) cya 16.53%

5 Haburana NYIRABAZUNGU Marie Jeanne n’abandi baburana na UKAM PROPERTIES Ltd n’abandi (igika cya 70 – 71) 6 Reba igika cya 70 na 71 by’urubanza n° RS/INJUST/RC 00027/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/11/2023, haburana NYIRABAZUNGU Marie Jeanne n’abandi baburana na UKAM PROPERTIES Ltd n’abandi.

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kigaragara ku rubuga rwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda www.bnr.rw/browse-in/financial- market/money-market-interest nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 30 cy’uru rubanza. [33] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Mutuyeyezu yahaye amafaranga Munyarukato Eric mu byiciro bitatu (3): ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000 Frw) yo ku italiki ya 15/05/2014, andi ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw) ku wa 26/05/2014 n’amadolari igihumbi (1000 $) yatanze ku wa 07/08/2014; bivuze ko inyungu z’ayatanzwe mbere zigomba kubarirwa ku gihe kingana n’iminsi 3553, aya kabiri ku gihe kingana na n’iminsi 3542 aya gatatu ku gihe kingana n’iminsi 3471. [34] Inyungu z’amafaranga 300.000Frw yatanzwe ku wa 15/05/2014, zihwanye na 300.000 x 16.53 x 3553 = 489.425Frw 360 x 100 [35] Iza 300.000Frw yatanzwe ku wa 26/05/2014, zihwanye na 300.000 x 16.53 x 3542 = 487.910 Frw 360 X 100 [36] Ku bijyanyanye na 1000 $, ashyizwe mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda, ahwanye na 1000 $ x 1.302Frw7 = 1.302.000 Frw, naho inyungu zayo zihwanye na 1.302.000 x 16.53 x 3471 = 2.075.085 Frw 360 x 100 [37] Urukiko rusanga mafaranga y’ikiguzi Munyarakoto Eric na Numububyeyi Diane bagomba gusubiza Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco ari 600.000 Frw + 1.302.000 Frw = 1.902.000 Frw, n’inyungu zayo zingana na 489.425Frw + 487.910Frw + 2.075.085Frw = 3.052.420Frw, yose hamwe akaba 1.902.000 Frw + 3.052.420 = 4.954.420Frw (miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi maganacyenda mirongo itanu na bine na magana ane na makumyabiri y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda). Ibyerekeye kumenya niba indishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka ababuranyi basaba afite ishingiro [38] Me Uwiragiye Pierre Célestin uhagarariye Munyarukato Eric asaba Urukiko guteka Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco gusubiza uwo ahagarariye 1.180.000 Frw yategetswe mu rubanza RC00066/2019/TGI/GIC no mu rubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG, agaragara mu nyandiko yo ku wa 13/04/2022 yo kurangiza urubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG, akubiyemo n’igihembo cy’Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga kingana n’ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000Frw), n’inyandiko umuhesha w’inkiko yakiririyeho icyangombwa cy’ubutaka yo ku wa 25/03/3022. [39] Akomeza avuga ko Munyarukato Eric asaba 5.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro kubera gushorwa mu manza na mukuru we no kubaza uwo bashakanye uburyo yagurishije umutungo atabizi; 1.000.000Frw yakoresheje mu ngendo zose yagiye akora akurikirana urubanza mu nkiko zabanje ndetse no muri uru Rukiko; kumusubiza 3.500.000Frw yagiye yishyura aba Avoka bamuburaniye mu nkiko zose yaburaniyemo abazwe ku buryo bukurikira: 500.000Frw yo mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, 1.000.000Frw yo mu Rukiko Rukuru na 2.000.000Frw yo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, no kumusubiza

7 1.032 ni igiciro cy’idorari cya kuwe ku rubuga rwa Banki nk’uru y’u Rwanda: www.bnr.rw/browse- in/financial- market/money-market-interest

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40.000Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega mu Rukiko Rukuru. Yose hamwe akaba 9.540.000 Frw. [40] Me Ndejeje Pascal uhagarariye Numubyeyi Diane asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco guha uwo ahagarariye 10.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro yatewe no kumushora mu manza atazi kandi zitari ngombwa no kuba yaratumye abura umutungo we mu buryo atazi, 3.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, kumusubiza 500.000Frw yishyuye Avoka wamuburaniye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye, 500.000Frw yishyuye Avoka mu Rukiko Rukuru na 1.000.000Frw yishyuye uwamuburaniye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [41] Me Ntahomvukiye Edouard uhagarariye Mutuyeyeyzu Jean Bosco avuga ko indishyi z’akababaro Munyarukato Eric asaba ntazo yahabwa kuko uretse kubivuga mu magambo gusa, atagaragaza akababaro yaba yaragize katuma asaba indishyi zingana zityo, kandi ko ari we wabaye nyirabayazana w’iki kibazo yanga gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano bagiranye. Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ingwate y’amagarama asabwa na Muyarukato Eric, uburanira Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco avuga ko nayo ntayo yahabwa kuko ari we wishoye mu manza, bityo akaba agomba kwirengera ingaruka zabyo. [42] Kubirebana n’indishyi z’akababaro, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa na Numubyeyi Diane, Me Ntahomvukiye Edouard avuga ko nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko Numubyeyi Diane atagaragaza akababaro yaba yaragize katuma ahabwa indishyi zingana na 10.000.000Frw, ko naho amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza asaba uretse kuba ari umurengera nayo nta shingiro yahabwa, kuko atagaragaza uburyo yayabaze. Ko n’ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka nta shingiro afite kuko yahamagajwe mu rubanza kugira ngo amenye imikirize y’urubanza rurebana n’umutungo umugabo we Munyarukato Eric yagurishije kugira ngo azafashe Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco kuzabona icyangombwa cy’umutungo. [43] Me Ntahomvukiye Edouard uhagarariye Mutuyeyeyzu Jean Bosco yatanze ikirego kiregera kwiregura, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane guha uwo ahagarariye indishyi zingana na 2.500.000Frw zikubiyemo 1.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka umuburanira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire; 500.000 Frw y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza kubera gukomeza kumushora mu manza mu buryo bw’amaherere bigatuma akomeza gusiragira mu nkiko bitari ngombwa; 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’Akababaro kubera kumutesha umutwe ashakisha umuhagararira muri uru rubanza, guteshwa umwanya bigatuma adakora akazi ke nka Rwiyemezamirimo, ndetse no gutakarizwa icyizere mu nzego zitandukanye akorana na zo mu kazi ke ka buri munsi, kuko muri iki kirego yarezwe nk’ubangamira inyungu z’umuryango. Uko Urukiko rubibona [44] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [45] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryereye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikimenyetso cyo mu rubanza ni uburyo bukoreshwa kugira ngo ukuri kw’ ibyabaye kugaragare”.

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[46] Ku birebana n’amafaranga 1.180.000Frw asabwa n’uhagarariye Munyarukato Eric, avuga ko yahawe Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco mu rwego rwo kurangiza imanza RC00066/2019/TGI/GIC na RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG, uru Rukiko rurasanga muri dosiye hari inyandiko mvugo y’umuhesha w’inkiko Muhinyuza Florence yo ku wa 13/04/2022, igaragaza ko Munyarukako Eric na Numubyeyi Diane bishyuye Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco 980.000Frw akomoka ku manza zimaze kuvugwa haruguru, na 200.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’umuhesha w’inkiko yose akaba 1.180.000Frw. [47] Urukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004, rurasanga kuba ibintu bisubiye uko byari bimeze imanza zitaratangira, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco agomba gusubiza Munyaruko Eric na Numubyeyi Diane amafaranga 1.180.000Frw bari bamaze gutanga mu rwego rwo kuzirangiza nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’umuhesha w’inkiko yavuzwe haruguru. [48] Ku birebana n’indishyi z’akababaro, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’ibihembo by’aba Avoka asababwa n’ababuranyi, uru Rukiko rurasanga ntawe ukwiye kuyahabwa kuko buri wese muri bo hari icyo atsindiye. Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Dianne batsindiye gusubizwa ubutaka bwahoze ari ubwabo bari baratsindiwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, naho Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco atsindiye gusubizwa amafaranga yose yari yarabutanzeho n’inyungu zayo. Buri wese rero akaba akwiye kwirengera ibyagiye kuri izo manza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [49] Rwemeje ko ikirego cya Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Dianne cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/07/2021, gifite ishingiro kubiri bimwe ; [50] Rwemeje ko habaye akarengane mu rubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/07/2021, ku birebana no kuba rwaremeje ko Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yaguze na Munyarukato Eric ikibanza gifite UPI :4/05/06/02/299 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Musetsa, Akagari ka Horezo, Umurenge wa Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi, Intara y’Amajyaruguru, rukabishingiraho rugategeka ko habaho ihererekanya ry’icyo kibanza rishingiye ku bugure ; [51] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 15/07/2021, ihindutse ; [52] Rwemeje ko ubugure bw’ikibanza gifite UPI :4/05/06/02/299 giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Musetsa, Akagari ka Horezo, Umurenge wa Kageyo, Akarere ka Gicumbi, Intara y’Amajyaruguru bwabaye hagati ya Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco na Munyarukato Eric ku wa 26/05/2014 ari imfabusa ; [53] Rutegetse ko ikibanza kivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, gisubira mu maboko ya Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane ; [54] Rutegetse Munyarukato Eric na Numubyeyi Diane gusubiza Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana cyenda mirongo itanu na bine na magana ane na makumyabiri (4.954.420Frw) akubiyemo amafaranga yabahaye y’ikiguzi cy’ikibanza UPI :4/05/06/02/299 n’inyungu zayo ; [55] Rutegetse Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco gusubiza Munyaruko Eric na Numubyeyi Diane miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo inane (1.180.000Frw) akubiyemo ibihumbi maganacyenda na

## Page 12

mirongo inane (980.000Frw) bamuhaye n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) bahaye Umuhesha w’Inkiko mu rwego rwo kurangira imanza RC00066/2019/TGI/GIC na RCA00284/2020/HC/KIG ; [56] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.