UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYESHYAKA

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYESHYAKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-07-16 - Case/document no.: RP 00006/2020/HC/HCCIC - Collection: High Court

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs. MUNYESHYAKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU/HCCIC – RP 00006/2020/HC/HCCIC (Nsanzimana, P.J.) 16 Nyakanga 2021] Amategeko yerekeye Imanza nshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu – Kugirango igikorwa gifatwe nk’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, kigomba kuba cyakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo butuma ugikorerwa yemera ibigiye gukorwa hadashingiwe ku ihitamo bwite rye ryuzuye kandi hejuru y’ubushake bwo gukora ikibujijwe n’amategeko nkana, ukora icyo gikorwa agomba kuba yagikoranye umugambi wihariye wo gushakira inyungu mu ibangamirwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’ukorerwaho icyo gikorwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko Rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha mpuzamahanga n’ibyambuka imbibi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yatwaye uwitwa Mukasibomana mu gihugu cya Uganda amuvanye mu Rwanda azi ko agiye gukora akazi kagoye, kananiye Abagande, amufatiranye n' ubukene n’ubuzima bubi Mukasibomana yabayemo; uruhare rw’uregwa rukaba rugaragazwa n’uko yabonye ko Mukasibomana avunika, adahembwa, adafite uko avugana n’umuryango we, akaruca akarumira. Bukomeza buvuga ko mbere yo kujyana Mukasibomana muri ako kazi ko mu rugo yabanje kuganira n' inshuti ye yitwa Appolo bumvikana ko azamuzanira umukozi w'umunyarwanda kuko abagande bamunaniye, byerekana ko bafitanye ubucuti noneho Mukasibomana akaba

igikoresho. Uregwa we yaburanye avuga ko harebwe uburyo ibyo aregwa byagenze, bigaragara ko ibyabaye bitakozwe mu ibanga kuko yagiye gushaka umukozi kuri sosiyeti y’ubucuruzi isanzwe itanga izo serivisi ndetse uwo yamuhawe akaba ari we yajyanye kandi atayobewe ko hano hanze hari n’abandi benshi yari kubona, ku buryo iyo aza kuba yari afite umugambi wo gucuruza umuntu yari bushake uwo batazamenya uko byagenze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kugirango igikorwa gifatwe nk’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, kigomba kuba cyakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo butuma ugikorerwa yemera ibigiye gukorwa hadashingiwe ku ihitamo bwite rye ryuzuye kandi hejuru y’ubushake bwo gukora ikibujijwe n’amategeko nkana, ukora icyo gikorwa agomba kuba yagikoranye umugambi wihariye wo gushakira inyungu mu ibangamirwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’ukorerwaho icyo gikorwa. Ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111. Itegeko Ngenga Nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 250 n’iya 252.

Nta manza zifashishijwe.

Page 2

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha burega Munyeshyaka Francois icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu bushingiye ku ngingo ya 251 na 252 z’ itegeko N° 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 y'Itegeko Ngenga rishyiraho igitabo cy‟amategeko ahana. [2] Mu kwezi kwa 11/2016, Munyeshyaka yagiye ku isosiyeti y’ubucuruzi yitwa African Service Hopefull of Vision Rwanda Ltd ifite mu bikorwa byayo guhuza abakozi bo mu rugo n’ababakeneye, ahavana umukozi w’umukobwa witwa Mukasibomana Esperance, amujyanira incuti ye iba mu Gihugu cya Uganda yitwa Mujurizi Apollo ukoresha telefoni +256777007661. [3] Kuwa 8/1/2019, Mukandinda Annonciata, nyina wa Mukasibomana Esperance, yagannye Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iperereza (RIB) asaba gufashwa gushaka umwana we wabuze. Muri make, yasobanuye ko Mukasibomana yagiye gusaba akazi muri Company itanga abakozi ihagarariwe na Lucien, ikorera Kimironko, ko imyaka itatu (3) ishize atarongera kumubona, ko yumvise ko ashobora kuba yarajyanywe Uganda, ko kandi umukobwa yari aherutse kumuhamagara akoresheje telefoni zfite nomero zinyuranye amubwira ko aba muri Uganda, ko amerewe nabi kandi ko adashobora kwivanayo. [4] Iperereza ryaratangiye risozwa Munyeshyaka Francois akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu. Munyeshyaka Francois we avuga ko koko yatwaye Mukasibomana Esperance muri Uganda ariko nta mugambi wo kumugirira nabi yabikoranye kuko yamuhawe n’ikigo

kiranga abakozi bo mu rugo mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, amunyuza ku mupaka ahemewe, amushyira incuti ye yari yamutumye umukozi wo mu rugo, ko rero atabazwa ibijyanye n’amakimbirane yaba yaravutse nyuma, mu rwego rw’akazi, hagati y’uwo mukobwa n’umukoresha we. [5] Urukiko rwasumye ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Munyeshyaka Francois yaratwaye Mukasibomana Esperance muri Uganda agamije kumucuruza no kumenya uko MUNYESHYAKA yahanwa igihe icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu cyaba kimuhamye. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Munyeshyaka Francois yaratwaye Mukasibomana Esperance muri Uganda agamije kumucuruza. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Munyeshyaka Francois yagize ubushake bwo gutwara Mukasibomana Esperance mu gihugu cya Uganda amuvanye mu Rwanda azi ko agiye gukora akazi kagoye, kananiye Abagande, amufatiranye n’ubukene n’ubuzima bubi Mukasibomana

Page 3

yabayemo; uruhare rwa Munyeshyaka Francois rukaba rugaragazwa n’uko yabonye ko Mukasibomana avunika, adahembwa, adafite uko avugana n’umuryango we, akaruca akarumira. [7] Ubushinjacyaha bugaragarisha umugambi wa Munyeshyaka Francois wo gucuruza Mukasibomana Esperance uburyo yatwawemo n’uburyo yakozemo akazi. Buvuga ko Munyeshyaka Francois yamujyanye Uganda yitwaje amasezerano yo gukorera mu Rwanda nk’uko bivugwa na Lucien nyir’isosiyeti yamutanze. Bukomeza buvuga ko mbere yo kujyana Mukasibomana muri ako kazi ko mu rugo yabanje kuganira n’inshuti ye Appolo bumvikana ko azamuzanira umukozi w'umunyarwanda kuko abagande bamunaniye, byerekana ko bafitanye ubucuti noneho Mukasibomana Esperance akaba igikoresho, ndetse ibyo Munyeshyaka avuga ko bakigera muri Uganda kwa Appolo ngo Mukasibomana yasabye ko yazamuhemba igihe cyo gutaha kigeze atari byo kuko nta bimenyetso abifitiye kuko Mukasibomana Esperance avugana na nyina Mukandinda Annonciatta yamubwiye ko abayeho nabi, akora adahembwa, akingiranye, atabona uko avugana n'iwabo. Bityo, akaba nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko uko yari abayeho muri ubwo buzima ari we wabishatse, ahubwo bigaragaza ko Munyeshyaka François, yagize ubushake bwo gutuma abaho nabi abuzwa uburenganzira bwo guhembwa kandi akoreshwa akazi k’ubucakara. [8] Buvuga kandi ko kuba muri 2018, Munyeshyaka Frank yaragiye i Bugande aho Mukasibomana yabaga, nk’ umukozi yari

yakuye muri company itanga abakozi kandi mu masezerano yayo umushahara w' umukozi unyura kuri konti ya company kuri konti iri muri BK, agasanga atarabona umushahara na rimwe, atari kubipfukirana iyo ataba afite inyungu yo kubyaza umusaruro Mukandayisenga bikozwe n’inshuti ye yamushyiriye. [9] Munyeshyaka François yunganiwe na Me Mugabo Sharif Yusuf ashingira imyiregurire ye ku ngingo eshatu z’ingenzi: ibura ry’ubushake bwo gukora icyaha kugira ngo ibigize icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu bibe byuzuye, kuba Munyeshyaka adakwiye kuryozwa icyaha hashingiwe ku makimbirane mu kazi yabaye hagati ya Mukasibomana na shebuja n’ihame ry’uko gushidikanye birengera uregwa. [10] Bavuga ko ku kijyanye n’iki cyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, Ubushinjacyaha buba bufite inshingano yo kugaragariza urukiko uburyo ibyabaye byemeza nta shiti ko icyaha cyakozwe hibandwa cyane cyane ku byabaye ko icyaha kivugwa ko cyakoreweho. Nyamara harebwe buryo ibyo Munyeshyaka aregwa byagenze, bigaragara ko ibyabaye bitakozwe mu ibanga kuko Munyeshyaka yagiye gushaka umukozi kuri sosiyeti y’ubucuruzi isanzwe itanga izo serivisi ndetse uwo yamuhawe akaba ari we yajyanye kandi atayobewe ko hano hanze hari n’abandi benshi yari kubona, ku buryo iyo aza kuba yari afite umugambi wo gucuruza umuntu yari bushake uwo batazamenya uko byagenze. Ikindi kandi nk’uko bishimangirwa n’inyandikomvugo Ubushinjacyaha bwashyikirije urukiko, Mukasibomama Esperance ntiyajyanywe mu buryo bwo kumucuruza kuko ku wa 07/01/2020 Ndimukaga Lucien wari umuyobozi wa company itanga serivisi zo kubona abakozi bakora akazi ko mu n go yashimangiye iby’uko Mukasibomana ubwe

Page 4

yigaragarije ko koko agejejwe i Bugande yahise ahabwa akazi yagiye agiye gukora kandi ko nta kibazo akigerayo yagize1,2. [11] Bakomeza bavuga ko urukiko rwibajije icyabujije Mukasibomana kubwira OPJ wakikiriye ikibazo cya nyina na we ubwe bakivuganira ko akoreshwa akazi k’ubucakara cyangwa ko yacurujwe niba koko ariko byagenze; rukibaza impamvu Munyeshyaka atigeze ahisha umwirondoro wa shebuja wa Mukasibomana, kandi aho yabajijwe hose kuva muri 2016 yaragaragaje ko yitwa Mujurizi Apollo ukoresha +256777007661 kandi yiteguye gusobanura uko yamwakiriye, uko bakoranye n’uko batandukanye; rukibaza impamvu Ubushinjacyaha bwahawe numero zose zishoboka zikoreshwa na Mukasibomana ariko ntibumuvugishije ngo byibuze abumenyeshe ko Munyeshyaka ubwo yamugezaga i Bugande atahawe akazi yagiye azi ko agiye gukora; rukibaza impamvu inshuro zose uregwa yabazwaga yamenyeshaga ubushinjacyaha ko Mukasibomana bavugana ndetse ko amusaba gutaha undi akinangira ariko ubushinjacyaha bukaba butagaragaza ko atari byo cyangwa ngo rugaragaza aho bushingira buvuga ko Mukasibomana afungiranye, byarugarira ko nta mugambi wo gucuruza Mukasibomana Munyeshyaka Francois yigeza agira hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko mu rubanza RP 00003/2017/HC/NYZ rwo kuwa 10/05/2017 haregwa BUKURU Germaine aho rwashimagiye ko icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu ari icyaha gikorwa mu ibanga rikomeye kandi ko ibimenyetso byacyo

bishingira ku byabaye. Bityo bakaba babona ibigize icyaha bituzuye. [12] Bakomeza bavuga kandi ko ku kuba Munyeshyaka yarajyanye Mukasibomana aho yagombaga gukorera akazi ke ndetse yamugezayo akagatangira akanagakora nta kibazo afite nk’uko yabisobanuriye OPJ wari wagejejweho ikirego cy’uko atita ku mwana we yasigiye nyina, ibijyanye no kutishyurwa n’andi makimbirane Mukasibomana yagiranye na shebuja yavutse hashyize igihe kinini ageze mu kazi ke ntibyaryozwa Munyeshyaka. [13] Bavuga ko iyi mpamvu yo kwireguza yahuzwa n’inyandikomvugo y’ibyavuye mu iperereza ryakozwe ku wa 19/05/2020 ubwo PN Betarice Ntawangundi yajyaga mu rugo rwa Baragahoranimana Emmanuel cyane cyane ku bibazo bibiri PN yamubajije n’ibisubizo byabyo3 n‘urubanza RP 00046/2019/HC/HCCIC rwaciwe ku wa 30/11/2020 haregwa Ntibizerwa Samuel, aho urukiko rwasanze “mu bikorwa byo gucuruzwa Ubushinjacyaha buvuga Mukundufite Venancie yakorewe muri Tanzaniya, birimo gusambanywa, kwamburwa ibye, gutotezwa no gukubitwa, uyu mukobwa avuga ariko ko byatangiye uregwa yaratashye. Bityo uregwa akaba

1 “IG: 13: (…) tujya kuri station ya police ku kimironko hakaba harakoraga OPJ witwa Josee icyo gihe, bahamagara Frank, Frank araza, bahamagara wa mukobwa watwawe Uganda, babahuza na nyina baravugana (…)” “IG 14: “Ibyo numvise nuko umwana yabwiye nyina ko yagiye mu kazi kandi ko ntakibazo afite azagaruka” “IG: Hari mu mwaka wa 2016” 2 Mu nyandikomvugo y’uregwa yo ku wa 16/01/2020 habazwa Ndimukaga Russien yarongeye abisobanura neza mu magambo akurikira: “Hashize ukwezi nyina w’uwo mukobwa twatanze ajya kurega kuri polisi ko uwo mukobwa yamusigiye umwana ngo akaba yamunaniye. Bahamagaye Munyeshyaka araza avuga ko umwana ahari amuhuza n’uwo amushyiriye baravugana bisa naho birangiye” Q/ Urongeraho iki? R/ Nasabaga ko mwafata izo nomero mukamuvugisha mukumva ikibazo afite yaba ari amafaranga tukayamushakira.” “Twifuza kubaha telephone y’uwo mukobwa mukazamuvugisha mukumva icyo yifuza byazafasha mw’iperereza: +256779432320 mu rugo yoherejwemo na Munyeshyaka ni +256777007661” 3 Q/ Icyo mushinja Francois Munyeshyaka wamujyanye ni iki? R/ Ni uko yamujyanye agakora adahembwa Q/ Ko yamujyanye ku kazi ibyo kudahembwa yabibazwa? R/ Yaramugurishije”

Page 5

ataryozwa ibikorwa Mukundufite yaba yakorewe adahari, mu gihe hatanagaragazwa ubundi buryo yaba yarabigizemo uruhare”. Bityo, Murwanashyaka akaba ataryozwa kuba Mukasibomana yaragiranye amakimbirane na shebuja ashingiye ku kwishyurwa yavutse Munyeshyaka adahari ndetse nta ruhare na ruto yabigizemo. [14] Basoreje ko ngingo y’imyiregurirae ijyanye n’uko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa bavuga ko Ubushinjacyaha burega Munyeshyaka ko yashakiye Mukasibomana akazi ko mu rugo kamubuza uburenganzira bwo gutunga telephone, bwo kuvugana icyo ashaka n' iwabo kuko communication ye yanyuraga ku bakoresha be, kavunanye cyane kandi kadahemba ku buryo yakavuyeho atorotse, nyamara bukabivuga ntacyo bushingiyeho, mu gihe nyuma gato ageze i Bugande Mukasibomana yaribwiriye OPJ ko nta kibazo afite ndetse ubushinjacyaha bukanirengagiza ko bwahawe ama nomero Mukasibomana akoresha i Bugande, ku buryo butabasha kugaragaza uruhare rwa Munyeshyaka mu byabaye nyuma cyane amaze igihe kinini ari mu kazi. Bityo, basaba ko ibi bihujwe n’ibyavuzwe byose haruguru urukiko rwakwemeza ko uregwa ko atsinze hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 ya CPP iteganya ko “Gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa. Iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze.”

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Urukiko rusanga ingingo ya 252 y’itegeko Ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ibihano ku muntu wese utwara cyangwa utuma batwara, ufata cyangwa ufatisha, ufunga cyangwa ufungisha, utunda cyangwa utundisha abantu abo ari bo bose, agamije kubahindura abacakara cyangwa kubagurishiriza kuba abacakara, kubagira abasabirizi ku gahato, kubabera umubyeyi utarababyaye mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko hakoreshejwe ikiguzi, kubakoresha mu mashusho y’urukozasoni, mu masiporo ateye ubwoba, kubashora mu ntambara, kubana na bo nk’umugore n’umugabo hagamijwe iyicarubozo cyangwa icuruzwa ry’ingingo z’imibiri yabo. [16] Rubona nanone ingingo ya 250,10 y’itegeko ngenga nº 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, itanga igisobanuro cy’icuruzwa ry’abantu” nk’ibikorwa bihindura umuntu igicuruzwa […] hakoreshejwe uburiganya, ibikangisho, imbaraga cyangwa agahato, ububasha ubikora aba amufiteho, akenshi hagamijwe ku mwangiriza ubuzima cyangwa kumubyaza inyungu zitemewe […]. [17] Isesengura ry’izi ngingo rigaragaza ko kugira ngo kimwe mu bikorwa itegeko riteganya gifatwe nk’icyaha cyo gucuruza abantu, kigomba kuba cyakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo butuma ugikorerwa yemera ibigiye gukorwa hadashingiwe ku ihitamo bwite rye ryuzuye kandi hejuru y’ubushake bwo gukora ikibujijwe n’amategeko nkana, ukora icyo gikorwa agomba kuba yagikoranye umugambi wihariye wo gushakira inyungu mu ibangamirwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu bw’ukorerwaho icyo gikorwa. [18] Rusanga rero ibigize dosiye bigaragaza ko Munyeshyaka Francois yajyanye Mukasibomana muri Uganda amuvanye ku isosiyeti ikora imirimo yo guhuza abakeneye abakozi bo mu rugo n’abakeye ako kazi, aho Mukasibomana Esperance yari yaragiye gushakira akazi;

Page 6

amaze kumuhabwa amujyana muri Uganda amunyujije ku mupaka mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, amushyira umuntu ufite umwirondoro uzwi. [19] Rusanga nanone mu yandikomvugo zose ziri muri dosiye ntahagaragara inyandiko yakorewe Mukasibomana Esperance uvugwa ko yahohotewe, ahubwo ikigaragara ari ikibazo nyina witwa Mukandinda Annonciata yagejeje ku Rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Iperereza (RIB) asaba gufashwa gushaka umwana we wagiye gusaba akazi muri Company itanga abakozi ihagarariwe na Lucien, ikorera Kimironko ashingiye ku mpungenge atera n’igihe cy’imyaka itatu (3) ishira atongeye kumubona, kandi afite amakuru ko yumvise ko ashobora kuba yarajyanywe Uganda, ko kandi yari aherutse kumuhamagara akoresheje telefoni zifite nomero zinyuranye amubwira ko ari yo aba, ko amerewe nabi kandi ko adashobora kwivanayo. [20] Rusanga ariko mu nyandiko mvugo yakorewe muri RIB yarasobanuye ko nyuma y’imyaka 2 agiye Mukasibomana Esperance yamuhamagaye amubwira ko akora akazi k’ubukoloni, ko adahembwa; naho mu nyandiko mvugo y’iperereza ryakorewe iwe n’Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu, Mukandinda Annonciata yaravuze ko yavuganye n’umwana we mu kwa 11/2019 amubwira ko aho yari ari yahavuye, bongera kuvugana mbere ya Corona amubwira ko atamerewe neza, bongera kuvugana kuwa 11/4/2020 ariko ntiyagira icyo amubwira, bongera kuvugana hakoreshejwe telefoni ya y’umupolisi wo mu Rwanda, aho Frank wari muri

Uganda yamuhaye Mukasibomana baravugana maze aramubwira ngo “ maman taha ndi gukorera amafaranga nzaza”. Rusanga kandi muri iyi nyandiko mvugo y’iperereza Mukandinda Annonciata yarabajijwe impamvu avuga ko umwana we yabuze kandi bavugana, asubiza ko ari uko nta mafaranga ye azi, ko icyo yifuza ari uko yaza kuko amabwira ko adahembwa. [21] Urukiko rusanga ikurikiranwa rya Munyeshyaka Francois rishingiye ku mvugo za Mukandinda Annonciata zirebana n’ikibazo afite cy’uko atohererezwa amafaranga n’ibyo avuga ko umukobwa we yamubwiye ko ariho nabi ariko nta gihamya cy’ireme ry’izo mvugo gihari. Rusanga rero imbogamizi Mukasibomana yaba yarahuye na zo mu kazi ke, mu mibereho n’uburenganizira bye byagombye kubazwa umukoresha we gusa kuko igikorwa cyo kujyana Mukasibomana Esperance mu kazi ko mu rugo cyari kuba kigize icyaha kuri Munyeshyaka Francois igihe byaba bigaragaye ko cyakoranywe uburiganya, agahato cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwaba bwaratumye Mukasibomana yemera gutwarwa bidaturutse ku bwende bwe kandiikigamijwe ari ukubyazamo inyungu zitemewe cyangwa kumwangiririza ubuzima. [22] Rusanga rero kuba Ubushinjacyaha butabasha kugaragaza ku buryo budashidikanywaho ko igikorwa cya Munyeshyaka Francois cyo gutwara Mukasibomana Esperance mu kazi ko mu rugo muri Uganda gifite inenge yo kuba cyarakoranywe intego yo kumwangiriza ubuzima cyangwa kumubyaza inyungu zitemewe

(l’exploitation pour finalité) n’iyo kumutwara atari ku ihitamo rye ryuzuye (consentement vicié ), icyaha cy’icuruzwa ry’abantu Munyeshyaka Francois aregwa kitamuhama hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha ntashingiro gifite;

Page 7

[24] Rwemeje ko Munyeshyaka Francois adahamwa n’icyaha; [25] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza ahererera ku Isanduku ya Leta.