UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUREKEYISONI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUREKEYISONI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01382/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUREKEYISONI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 01382/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 19 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ukwemera icyaha – Guhindura imvugo yo kwemera icyaha - Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we ureba agaciro imvugo yiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone niyo nyirayo yaba yarageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Imanza nshinjanbyaha – Ukwemerwa kw’ibimenyetso byose - Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Murekeyisoni yaketsweho gucuruza urumogi aza gufatwa biturutse ku muntu wari uvuye kurugura iwe akaba yarafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 135. Mu bugenzacyaha, uyu yemeye ko acuruza urumogi, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo (gucuruza urumogi). Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko mu bugenzacyaha yashyizweho agahato akanakubitwa kugira ngo yemere. Urukiko rwasanze icyaha kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atigeze akora kuko atumva impamvu ari we wahamijwe urumogi rwafatiwe mu rugo, mu nzu yabanagamo na nyina n’undi mukozi ndetse urwo rumogi rukaba rwarasanzwe mu cyumba cy’umukozi. Urukiko rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko kuba yaremeye icyaha mu iperereza yagera mu rukiko akagihakana bitatesha agaciro uko kwemera kwe dore ko hari n’umutangabuhamya wemeza ko yamugurishije urumogi. Urukiko ariko rwasanze akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyorocyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. Murekeyisoni yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urukiko rusuzuma niba nta bimenyetso byashingiweho bihamya ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. Avuga ko inkiko zabanje zemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha nta bimenyetso kuko zashingiye ku mvugo ye yo kwemera icyaha mu bugenzacyaha kandi yarabyemeye kubera gukubitwa. Asobanura kandi ko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko urumogi rwafashwe ari we warucuruzaga kuko inzu rwafatiwemo yayibanagamo n’abandi. Yongera ho ko umutangabuhamya witwa Murenzi bivugwa ko yamugurishije urumogi atari byo kuko iyo aza kuba yararumugurishije aba yarafatiwe mu cyuho. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko ibivugwa n’uregwa nta shingiro bifite kuko atigeze ashyirwaho agahato ngo yemere icyaha. Bukomeza buvuga ko mbere y’uko uregwa afatwa, hoherejweyo umuntu ngo amugurishe urumogi bityo hamenyekana ko arufite abona gufatwa. Ikindi kandi ukwemera kwe ntabwo ari ko kwashingiwe ho gusa kuko guhuzwa n’ibindi bimenyetso. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la

## Page 2

preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe; 2. Umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ni we ureba agaciro imvugo yiyemerera icyaha mu rwego rw’iperereza ifite, kabone niyo nyirayo yaba yarageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho: Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0010/06/CS - RPA 0011/06/CS - RPA 0012/06/CS, Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008; RPAA 00692/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023 RPAA 00139/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ntiwizerabo Nicodem, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/04/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ku wa 06/08/2020, Murekeyisoni Joséphine yafatiwe mu mudugudu wa Muremera, akagari ka Karuruma, umurenge wa Gatsata, afite udupfunyika 135 tw'urumogi yacuruzaga, akaba yarafashwe biturutse ku makuru yatanzwe n’uwari uvuye kumugurira urumogi wavuze ko arucuruza. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Murekeyisoni Joséphine mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana ahakana icyaha avuga ko urumogi bakuye mu nzu ye rutari urwe, ko ahubwo ari akagambane yagiriwe; asaba kurenganurwa kuko afite abana 4 arera, akaba ari umupfakazi kandi afite n’ubwandu bwa Sida. [3] Mu rubanza No RP 01189/2020/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 04/02/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko Murekeyisoni Joséphine ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa rushingiye ku kuba mu Bugenzacyaha yaremeye icyaha asobanura n’uko yagikoze, ku nyandikomvugo y’umutangabuhamya Murenzi Elysé, kuri raporo y'inzego z'ibanze no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 25.000.000 Frw. [4] Murekeyisoni Joséphine yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu kandi nta cyaha yakoze. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko nta bimenyetso agaragaza bivuguruza ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye.

## Page 3

[5] Mu rubanza No RPA 00687/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 05/12/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubujurire bwa Murekeyisoni Joséphine nta shingiro bufite kuko yemeye icyaha ku rwego rw’iperereza, imvugo ye igahura n’iy’umutangamuhamya umushinja, kandi kuba yarageze mu mu Rukiko agahindura imvugo bidatesha agaciro imvugo ze mu gihe atagaragaza ko yashyizweho agahato. Urukiko rwasanze ariko, hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zatuma agabanyirizwa igihano kigahuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje, kuba abana n’ubwandu bwa SIDA, afite abana arera wenyine kuko ari umupfakazi; rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16, n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [6] Murekeyisoni Joséphine ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 01382/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2025, Murekeyisoni Joséphine yunganiwe na Me Nyiramatama Bernadette, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Murekeyisoni Joséphine n’umwunganira bavuga ko urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16 rutitaye ku karengane n’akagambane yagiriwe kuko atabaga mu nzu wenyine, yayibanagamo na nyina n’umukozi wararaga mu cyumba cyasanzwemo urumogi, ko nta cyemeza ko ariwe waruhashyize, cyangwa umukozi yarumucururizaga. Anavuga ko n‘iby’uko bohereje Murenzi Elysé kugira ngo bamenye ko arucuruza atari byo kuko iyo bibaho aba yarafatiwe mu cyuho, ko hatari kubaho ibyo gusaka inzu, akaba yaragaragarije Urukiko ko yashyizweho iterabwoba anakubitwa kugira ngo yemere icyaha ariko ntirwabyitaho. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Murekeyisoni Joséphine nta shingiro bufite, kuko mu kwemera icyaha kwe yasobanuye neza uko yacuruzaga urumogi, aho yaruranguraga anatanga n’ibisobanuro birambuye bigaragaza ko yavugaga ibyo azi, akaba rero atarahatiwe kwemera icyaha nk’uko abivuga, uretse ko nta n’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko yahohotewe, kandi n’ukwemera icyaha kwe atari cyo kimenyetso cyonyine Urukiko rwashingiyeho. Avuga kandi ko n’ibyo avuga ko anenga imvugo y’umutangabuhamya umushinja ari uburyo bwo guhunga icyaha kuko nta kimenyetso yatanze kivuguruza ibyo yavuze bihura n’ibyo we ubwe yiyemereye. [9] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa niba Murekeyisoni Joséphine yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi hirengagijwe ko atagikoze.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba nta bimenyetso byashingiweho bihamya ko Murekeyisoni Joséphine yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi.

[10] Murekeyisoni Joséphine n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro ibisobanuro yarugaragarije by’uko abazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha yashyizweho agahato, aranakubitwa bituma yemera icyaha yibeshyera kugira ngo yirengere. Bavuga ko izo mvugo yahavugiye Urukiko

## Page 4

rutagombaga kuzishingiraho rumuhamya icyaha, kuko n‘inzu yasatswemo urumogi atayibagamo wenyine yayibanagamo na nyina n’umukozi, urumogi rugafatirwa mu cyumba cy’uwo mukozi, ko rero rutagombaga kumwitirirwa kuko nta kimenyetso cy’uko umukozi ariwe yarucururizaga. [11] Banavuga ko ibyo bavuga ko bohereje uwitwa Murenzi Elysé kurugura kugira ngo bamenye ko acuruza urumogi atari byo, kuko iyo bibaho aba yarafatiwe mu cyuho, ntihabe isaka, ko ahubwo ibyabaye byose ari akagambane yakorewe kuko we ubwe atarabona urumogi, atazi n‘uko rusa. Basaba ko yarenganurwa ku bw’uburwayi afite no ku bw’abana yasize kuko ari umupfakazi. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Murekeyisoni Joséphine nta shingiro bwahabwa, kuko mu kwemera icyaha kwe yasobanuye neza uko yacuruzaga urumogi, ibyo avuga ko ataruzi ataranarubona akaba atari byo kuko amakuru yatanze abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha agaragaza ko aruzi neza, azi n’uburyo rugurishwa, hakaba nta hohoterwa yakorewe kuko nta bimenyetso abitangira. Anavuga ko mbere y’uko afatwa babanje kohereza umuntu ngo ajye kumugurira urumogi, ajyayo ararumuha, babona kumufata. Asoza avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru mu kumuhamya icyaha rutashingiye gusa ku kwemera icyaha kwe, ahubwo rwabihuje n’ibindi bimenyetso, kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza No RPA 0010/06/CS - RPA 0011/06/CS - RPA 0012/06/CS, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/07/2008, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira na bagenzi be, ntabwo byanze bikunze ibyo yemereye mu nzego z’iperereza biteshwa agaciro.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarashingiye ku mvugo Murekeyisoni Joséphine yavugiye mu Bushinjacyaha rwirengagije ko yemeye icyaha yirengera kubera gushyirwaho agahato no gukubitwa, hanirengagizwa akagambane yakorewe. [14] Ibyerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose iyo byagiweho impaka bishobora gushingirwaho mu kwemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) kandi ibyo bimenyetso bishobora no kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, urukiko rukaba arirwo rusuzuma niba ibyo bavuga byakwemerwa cyangwa ntibyemerwe. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00139/2024/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ntiwizerabo Nicodem. [15] Naho ibyerekeye uregwa wemera icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza, akagihakana imbere y’Urukiko, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza Nº RPA 0010/06/CS - RPA 0011/06/CS - RPA 0012/06/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 18/07/2008, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira na bagenzi be.1 Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi ari we ureba agaciro imvugo yiyemerera icyaha mu rwego

1 Reba igika cya 46 cy’urwo rubanza

## Page 5

rw’iperereza ifite, kabone niyo nyirayo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akayihindura. Uyu murongo wongeye gushimangirwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza N⁰ RPAA 0029/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 10/02/2017, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habimana Aimable alias Gahinja. Mu manza ziheruka kuwugenderaho harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00198/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Gatesi Hasina. [16] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ibyo Murekeyisoni Joséphine anenga urubanza rujuririrwa ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro ibisobanuro yarugaragarije by’uko abazwa n’Ubugenzacyaha yashyizweho agahato, anakubitwa, byarasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rusanga nta bimenyetso yatanze by’uko yemeye icyaha ku rwego rw’iperereza ashyizweho agahato, ko ahubwo ibyo yemeye bishimangirwa n’umutangamuhamya n’abashinzwe umutekano bari bahari. Kuri uru rwego naho akaba nta kimenyetso cy’ibyo avuga yakorewe yagaragarije. [17] Uru Rukiko ruranasanga imvugo za Murekeyisoni Joséphine mu Bugenzacyaha zigaragaza mu buryo burambuye uko yakozemo icyaha aregwa cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, kuko abazwa yasobanuye ko mu nzu ye hafatiwe udupfunyika 135 tw’urumogi, avuga ko amaze ukwezi kumwe arucuruza, ko yaruguze ku mafaranga 25.000 Frw n’uko agapfunyika kamwe akagurisha ku mafaranga 500 Frw. Ibyo bisobanuro yatanze bikaba bigaragaza ko atari imvugo z’umuntu washyizweho igitutu, ahubwo bigaragaza ko avuga ibyo azi asanzwe akora. [18] Urukiko rusanga kandi ibyo Murekeyisoni Joséphine avuga ko imvugo za Murenzi Elysé nazo zitagombaga gushingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha, ko iyo amugurisha urumogi aba yarafatiwe mu cyuho, nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yivugiye ko yafashwe biturutse ku muhungu waje kugura urumogi iwe udupfunyika 2, akagarukana n’abashinzwe umutekano baje kumufata. Ibyo yavuze bikaba bihura n’ibyo Murenzi Elysé nawe yavuze abazwa, ko yamuguriye udupfunyika 2 tw’urumogi ku mafaranga 1400 Frw, agahita ajya kubwira abashinzwe umutekano bajyayo bakamusangana urundi rwinshi. [19] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Murekeyisoni Joséphine avuga ko urumogi rwafatiwe iwe rutari urwe kuko barusanze mu cyumba cy’umukozi n’uko yagambaniwe, nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko mu mvugo ze mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko urumogi ari urwe, ko yari amaze kurangura inshuro ebyiri, ubwa mbere yari yaguze ikiro (1Kg), aza kuranguriraho urundi urwa mbere rutarashira, ko rwose yaruguze 25.000 Frw. [20] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, uru Rukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwa Murekeyisoni Joséphine nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko yakoze icyaha cyo gucuruza urumogi, kuri uru rwego akaba atarabashije gutanga ibibivuguruza. Bityo urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugumanye agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Murekeyisoni Joséphine nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00687/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 05/12/2024 rudahindutse;

## Page 6

[23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 16 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza kidahindutse.