MUREMANYUNDO v NYIRIMIHIGO

# MUREMANYUNDO v NYIRIMIHIGO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2026-03-29 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00031/2024/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUREMANYUNDO v NYIRIMIHIGO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00031/2024/SC (Mukamulisa, P.J., Kazungu na Kalihangabo, P.J.) 29 Werurwe 2026] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Umutungo w’abashyingiranywe – Kugurisha umutungo w’abashyingiranywe - Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe agurishije umutungo rusange, undi atabyemeye ashobora kubitambamira mu gihe cy’imyaka 5; kirenzeho, amasezerano aba ntakuka kandi ntashobora guteshwa agaciro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muremanyundo Jeanne yashakanye na Bihozagara Jacques mu ivangamutungo rusange. Mu 2006, umugabo we yagurishije isambu bari bahuriyeho kuri Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney, atabanje kumumenyesha cyangwa ngo abyemere mu nyandiko. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we (2016), Muremanyundo Jeanne yavuze ko yamenye ayo masezerano mu 2019, maze mu 2021 atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma asaba ko ateshwa agaciro. Urwo rukiko rushingiye ko uwaguze ubwo butaka yabuguze nta buryarya, rwemeza ko ayo masezerano afite agaciro ndetse no mu bujurire mu Rukiko Rukuru hemeza ko nta kibazo ayo masezerano afite. Muremanyundo yaje gusaba ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze rwongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hasuzumwa ibibazo byo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yakozwe mu 2006 afite agaciro no kumenya niba ikirego cyaratanzwe imburagihe. Mbere yo gusuzuma ibyo bibazo ariko, Muremanyundo yavuze ko itegeko ryashingiweho n’inkiko zabanje atri ryo, asobanura ko inkiko zabanje zashingiye ku ngingo ya 21 n’iya 23 z’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, nyamara ko kuva aho hagiriyeho Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, iri ari ryo ryagombaga gukurikizwa kuko ari ryo ryariho igihe amasezerano yo kugurisha ubutaka buburanwa yabaga; rikaba ari Itegeko Ngenga kandi ryihariye (spéciale). Urukiko rurasanga yaba Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, yaba n’Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, yombi yaragombaga gukoreshwa muri uru rubanza bitewe n’imiterere y’ikibazo kigomba gukemurwa. Ku gaciro k’amasezerano Muremanyundo avuga ko amasezerano nta gaciro afite kuko atigeze abyemera cyangwa ngo ayamenye, kandi amategeko asaba ubwumvikane bw’abashyingiranywe mu kugurisha umutungo rusange. Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na bagenzi be bavuga ko ayo masezerano yakozwe mu buryo bwemewe, nta buriganya, kandi hari ibimenyetso byinshi byerekana ko Muremanyundo yari abizi cyangwa yarabyihanganiriye.

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Ku kibazo cy’igihe cyo kurega, Muremanyundo, avuga ko yamenye iby’ubugure mu 2019, bityo ko atatinze kurega. Abaregwa bavuga ko amategeko ateganya imyaka 5 gusa yo gutambamira ayo masezerano, ikirego kikaba cyaratanzwe hashize imyaka 14, bityo uburenganzira bwe bwari bwarazimye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo umwe mu bashyingiranywe agurishije umutungo rusange, undi atabyemeye ashobora kubitambamira mu gihe cy’imyaka 5; kirenzeho, amasezerano aba ntakuka kandi ntashobora guteshwa agaciro. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza, nta shingiro gifite; Amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe mu 2006 afite agaciro kuko yabaye ntakuka. Amategeko yifashishijwe atagikoreshwa: Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 35; Itegeko ° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, ingingo ya 21,22. Nta manza zifashishijwe Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Pascale DEUMIER, Introduction Générale au droit, 6è éd., 2021, LGDJ, Paris Cedex, p.266. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Muremanyundo Jeanne yashakanye na Bihozagara Jacques ku wa 16 Ukwakira 1982, basezerana ivangamutungo rusange. Bashakanye imitungo itandukanye harimo n’amasambu aherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabeza, Akagari ka Byeza, Umurenge wa Muhazi, Akarere ka Rwamagana, Intara y’Iburasirazuba baguze n’abaturage. Ayo masambu bayahurije hamwe, aba isambu imwe ifite ubuso bungana na 15 Ha, 83 A na 60 Ca. Mu kwezi kwa 11/2006, Bihozagara Jacques yagurishije iyi sambu Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney ku mafaranga 20.000.000. [2] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma aho Muremanyundo Jeanne yatanze ikirego avuga ko nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we Bihozagara Jacques ku wa 30/03/2016, yatunguwe no kumenya ko umutungo we uri mu maboko ya Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney n’umugore we, bamubwira ko bawuguze n’umugabo we ku wa 29/11/2006, kandi atarigeze abimenya, nta n’umukono yashyize ku masezerano y’ubugure. Yavugaga ko ubutaka aregera bufite UPI:5/01/06/01/637 na UPI: 5/01/06/01/580 bukaba bwanditse kuri Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne, ko hari n’ubundi bufite UPI: 5/01/06/01/663 bubaruye kuri Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée. Yasabaga gusubizwa uburenganzira ku mutungo we no gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe kuri uwo mutungo. Yagobokesheje Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne, Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée.

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[3] Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne baburanye bavuga ko isambu baregwa bayiguze na Bihozagara Jacques nta buryarya, ko no mu gihe cy’ibarura ry’ubutaka bayibaruje, ikabandikwaho, Muremanyundo Jeanne na Bihozagara Jacques bahari ariko ntibayibaruzaho. Bavugaga ko ibyo bigaragaza ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yari azi iby’ayo masezerano y’ubugure cyane cyane ko umushoferi wabo witwa Ngwangwa n’umukozi wabo witwa Gatarigamba babaye abatangabuhamya kuri ubwo bugure, kandi Muremanyundo Jeanne akaba ariwe wohereje Ngwangwa gukura ibikoresho (amabati) byari muri iyo sambu akabimushyira, ndetse ko hashize imyaka 16 Muremanyundo Jeanne atagera muri iyo sambu cyangwa ngo ayifate nka nyirayo. [4] Mu rubanza N° RC 00017/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rwemeje ko ikirego cya Muremanyundo Jeanne nta shingiro gifite; ko ikirego cye cyo kugobokesha mu rubanza Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne, Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, nta shingiro gifite; ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu ifite ubuso bungana na 15 Ha 83 A 60 Ca yavuzwe haruguru adateshejwe agaciro. Rwategetse Muremanyundo Jeanne guha Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza. [5] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku kuba Muremanyundo Jeanne n’umugabo we batarigeze bandikisha ubutaka buburanwa, ko ahubwo Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney n’umugore we ari bo babubaruje Bihozagara Jacques akiriho, nyuma bahabwa icyemezo cy’umutungo ku wa 15/05/2011. Rwanasanze Muremanyundo Jeanne adashobora kugaragaza ko atigeze yumvikana na Bihozagara Jacques kugurisha umutungo uburanwa kubera ko mu gihe cyose abaregwa bamaze muri uwo mutungo, atagaragaza ko hari ibikorwa yaba yarashatse gukoreramo akabuzwa uburenganzira bwe. Rwasanze kandi ubwo butaka bumaze kugurwa, Muremanyundo Jeanne ubwe yaratumye umukozi warindaga iyo sambu kujya kuzana ibikoresho (amabati) bye byari bihari akabimushyira; ko ibyo byose bigaragaza ko mu gihe bwagurishwaga, Muremanyundo Jeanne yari yabyumvikanyeho na Bihozagara Jacques. [6] Ku birebana n’isambu iregwa Turikunkiko Gatabazi Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, Urukiko rwasanze nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandiko y’umubitsi w’impapuro mpambo z’ubutaka, isambu baregwa ikomoka ku munani cyangwa ku murage wa Sibomana Aimable na Mukandayisenga Mathilde, ukaba warabaruwe kuri Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée kubera ko bawuguze ku wa 15/03/2018 nk’uko bikubiye mu masezerano y’ubugure ari muri dosiye. [7] Muremanyundo Jeanne yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku wa 31/10/2022 ruca urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG, rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza N° RC 00017/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 29/11/2021 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; ko ikirego cya Muremanyundo Jeanne cyo kugobokesha mu rubanza Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne, Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, nta shingiro gifite; ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu iburanwa adateshejwe agaciro. [8] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko Rukuru rwashimangiye ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye ko kudashyira umukono ku masezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu k’umwe mu bagize

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urugo ubwabyo bitaba impamvu ituma amasezerano ateshwa agaciro kuko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Muremanyundo Jeanne usaba ko aseswa yari azi ko yakozwe ntayatambamire. [9] Rwasanze kandi harashize igihe hagati y’ubugure bw’isambu n’itegeko ryo kubaruza ubutaka, iki gikorwa kikaba cyarakorwaga hari nyiri ubutaka, ababarura ubutaka n’inzego z’ibanze zishinzwe gutanga amakuru ku butaka bugomba kwandikwa, hakabaho n’igihe cyo kuvuguruza ayo makuru mu gihe hari uyanenga cyangwa ubutaka bukandikwaho ko buri mu makimbirane. Rwasanze kandi Muremanyundo Jeanne atagaragaza ko atari mu gihugu, ndetse ko bigaragara ko hari indi mitungo ye ibaruye ku mazina ye wenyine, bikaba bitumvikana ko nyuma y’icyo gihe ari bwo yatangije imanza kandi ikiguzi cy'umutungo wagurishijwe cyarakemuye ibibazo by'urugo. [10] Rwanashingiye ku murongo wafashwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza N° RCAA 0023/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 16/03/2012, ko iyo uwaguze yaguze ku mugaragaro, nta buryarya, agahabwa ibyangombwa n’Urwego rubifitiye ububasha, aba ari “acquéreur de bonne foi”, ko ibyo yaguze adashobora kubinyagwa; runasanga amasezerano y’ubugure yarabaye ntakuka kuri Muremanyundo Jeanne ku wa 28/11/2011 hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru, akaba afite agaciro nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabyemeje. [11] Ku bireba Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze nta kigaragaza ko umutungo Muremanyundo Jeanne abarega wigeze ukomoka mu mitungo yabo, ko n’amakuru yatanzwe n’Ikigo gishinzwe ubutaka adahagije kuba yashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko uwo mutungo wari uw’urugo rwa Muremanyundo Jeanne na Bihozagara Jacques. [12] Muremanyundo Jeanne yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire ariko ubujurire bwe ntibwakirwa kuko butari mu bubasha bw’urwo rukiko, nyuma yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/10/2022, rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma y’isesengura ry’urubanza, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yakoze raporo ayoherereza Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, na we yemeza ko rwongera kuburanishwa, rwandikwa kuri N° RS/INJUST/RC 00031/2024/SC. [13] Muremanyundo Jeanne avuga ko akarengane ke gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije amategeko n’ibimenyetso rukemeza ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka buburanwa afite agaciro mu gihe we n’umugabo we bari barasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange. Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne bo basanga amasezerano afite agaciro kuko hari ibimenyesto bigaragaza ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yari ayazi. [14] Iburanisha ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 05/11/2025, Me Nsengumuremyi Frédéric na Me Gahamanyi Justin bahagarariye Muremanyundo Jeanne; Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre ahagarariye Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne naho Me ZIRUNGUYE Felix ahagarariye Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yakozwe ku wa 9/11/20061 hagati ya Bihozagara Jacques na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney afite agaciro hamwe n’icyo kumenya niba amafaranga asabwa muri uru rubanza yatangwa.

1 Iyi tariki niyo iri ku masezerano y’ubugure, itandukanye n’iya 29/11/2006 yagiye ivugwa mu manza zabanje.

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[15] Nyuma yo gusoza iburanisha, Urukiko rwamenyesheje ababuranyi ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 12/12/2025, ariko ubwo rwari rwiherereye ngo ruce urubanza, rwasanze hari ibikwiye gusobanurwa kurushaho, bityo rushingiye ku ngingo 60 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucururzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi2, rusanga ari ngombwa ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yitaba ubwe kugira ngo arugezeho ibisobanuro bikenewe bijyanye n’umutungo uburanwa. Rwasanze kandi ari ngombwa ko uwitwa Ngwangwa n’uwitwa Gatarigamba bavugwa muri uru rubanza bitaba Urukiko nk’abatangabuhamya kugira ngo nabo bazagire ibisobanuro barugezaho. [16] Iburanisha ryasubukuwe ku wa 03/03/2026, hitabye Muremanyundo Jeanne yunganiwe na Me Gahamanyi Justin, Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre ahagarariye Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne; hanitaba Gatarigamba Alphonse wahamagajwe nk’umutangabuhamya; naho Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée batitabye Urukiko cyangwa ngo bahagararirwe, iburanisha rirakomeza kuko bari bazi itariki y’urubanza. Nyuma y’iburanisha ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 27/03/2026. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1) Kumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yakozwe ku wa 9/11/2006 hagati ya Bihozagara Jacques na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney afite agaciro [17] Me Nsengumuremyi Frédéric na Me Gahamanyi Justin bavuga ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yaregeye gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka yakozwe hagati ya Bihozagara Jacques na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney, kuko atigeze amenya iby’ubwo bugure. [18] Banenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko rwirengagije nkana ko Bihozagara Jacques ajya kugurisha umutungo uburanwa atigeze abimenyesha umugore we ngo babyumvikaneho, bityo rukaba rwarirengagije ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 35 na 37 z’Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigenga ubutaka ryakoreshwaga icyo gihe, kuko ukwemera kwa Muremanyundo Jeanne ntaho kugaragara. [19] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga gushingira ku ngingo ya 65 y’Itegeko ry’ibimenyetso rya 2004 kuko nta bundi buhamya bwari bukenewe mu gihe hari ibiteganywa n’itegeko bitubahirijwe, ko n’ingingo ya 108 y’iryo Tegeko idaha umucamanza gucukumbura ngo anyuranye n’ibiteganywa n’Itegeko Ngenga, nyamara akaba aribyo byakozwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Basanga nta kindi cyari gushingirwaho uretse gutesha agaciro amasezerano yavuzwe, Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney agakurikirana uwamugurishije mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akabisabira indishyi. [20] Ku bijyanye n’imyiregurire ya Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney ko mu Rukiko Rukuru Muremanyundo Jeanne atajuririye ibyo kuba umucamanza w’Urukiko Rwisumbuye yaraciye urubanza ashingiye ku itegeko ritagikoreshwa, Me Nsengumuremyi Frédéric na Me Gahamanyi

2 Ku nyungu z’imigendekere myiza y’ubutabera, Perezida w’urukiko cyangwa inteko iburanisha bashobora igihe cyose kandi mu rubanza rwose gutegeka, nta n’uwiriwe abisaba, ko ababuranyi barwitaba ubwabo.

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Justin basubiza ko ibyo bitabuza urega guhabwa ubutabera. Banavuga ko urubanza rwatanze umurongo kuri acquéreur de bonne foi rwashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru rudahuje kamere n’ikiburanwa muri uru, aho ikiburanwa ari uburenganzira bwa Muremanyundo Jeanne bwahungabanyijwe n’ubugure bwakozwe hirengagijwe icyo amategeko ateganya cyane cyane ko baguze bazi neza ko Muremanyundo Jeanne ahari ariko ntamenyeshwe iby’ubwo bugure. [21] Basoza bavuga ko kubera impamvu zose bagaragaje kandi zishingiye ku mategeko yirengagijwe bigatuma Muremanyundo Jeanne avutswa uburenganzira ku butaka bwe, basaba uru Rukiko kubikosora rukemeza ko amasezerano avugwa ateshejwe agaciro; ko n’ibyangombwa by’ubutaka bifite UPI:5/01/06/01/637 na UPI:5/01/06/01/580 byanditse kuri Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney nabyo biteshejwe gaciro; ubutaka buvugwa bukandikwa kuri Muremanyundo Jeanne. [22] Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre ubaburanira avuga ko iki kirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro kigomba guhabwa, kuko Muremanyundo Jeanne atagaragaza impamvu zemewe n’amategeko zituma habaho gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nk’uko ziteganywa mu ngingo ya 55 y’Itegeko N⁰ 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, kuko kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, yareze ashingiye ku ngingo ya 21 n’iya 22 z’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura ndetse n’iya 35 y’Itegeko rya 2005 ryagengaga ubutaka mu Rwanda. [23] Asobanura ko kuba mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane Muremanyundo Jeanne atarigeze agaragaza mu myanzuro ye cyangwa se ngo aburanishe ko ingingo ya 21 n’iya 22 zavuyeho, nta gaciro byahabwa ubu kuko ibyo yajuririye n’impamvu yashingiyeho ajurira ari byo byasuzumwe, ko rero adashobora kuvuga ko yabirenganyijweho kuko atigeze abiburanisha mu rubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG. Asobanura ko ibimaze kuvugwa byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023 mu rubanza rwa SANLAM AG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean. [24] Akomeza avuga ko ku bijyanye n’isambu iburanwa, Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney yaguze ubutaka n’uwari abufitiye icyangombwa kuko Bihozagara Jacques yari afite Acte de Notoriété kandi Muremanyundo Jeanne akaba atabasha kugaragaza ko atamenye ubwo bugure kuko hari ibimenyetso byinshi bitandukanye bibihamya nko kuba mu gihe cy’ibarura ry’ubutaka, yaba Muremanyundo Jeanne cyangwa Bihozagara Jacques nta n’umwe wabonetse ngo atambamire ibarurwa ry’ubutaka buburanwa; kuba hari indi mitungo bibarujeho mu gihe cy’ibarura rusange (UPI:1/02/08/02/786 uri Gasabo/Kimihurura; UPI: 1/02/11/04/1514 uri Mubuga/Masoro/Gasabo na UPI: 5/07/09/02/2735 Karumuna/Kanzenze/Bugesera) hari n’umutungo ufite UPI: 1/02/08/02/786 wanditse kuri Muremanyundo Jeanne wenyine; kuba nta gikorwa na kimwe yongeye gukorera muri iyo sambu kuva yagurishwa kandi ariwe wari usanzwe ayibyaza umusaruro. [25] Yongeraho ko ibindi bimenyetso bigizwe n’uko uwitwa Ngwangwa wari umushoferi w’umuryango wa Bihozagara Jacques ndetse n’umukozi wabo witwa Gatarigamba babaye abatangabuhamya ku masezerano y’ubwo bugure ndetse ko Muremanyundo Jeanne ari kumwe n’uwo mushoferi yagiye gutwara ibikoresho byari ku isambu nyuma y’ubugure (byari birimo

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imashini itonora ibigori n’amabati yari ku gisharagati bari barubatse aho bumishirizaga ibigori); kuba imiryango yombi yarakomeje kubana neza na nyuma y’ubugure; no kuba Bihozagara Jacques na Muremanyundo Jeanne nabo ubwabo baragiye bagura ubwo butaka n’abantu batandukanye kandi nta mukono w’abo bashakanye uriho. [26] Avuga kandi ko mu rubanza N° RCAA 0023/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 16/03/2012, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko iyo uwaguze yaguze ku mugaragaro, nta buryarya, agahabwa ibyangombwa n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, aba ari acquéreur de bonne foi, ibyo yaguze akaba adashobora kubinyagwa (agace karwo ka 12, 22 na 31). [27] Yongeraho ko abo aburanira bashingira ku ngingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe, kuko igaragaza ko niyo Muremanyundo Jeanne aza kuba ataramenye ayo masezerano y’ubugure ya 2006, nta gikuraho ko nyuma y’imyaka itanu (5) aribwo yamubayeho ndakuka, kandi ko iyo myaka yarangiye ku wa 28/11/2011, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye. [28] Asoza asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma iki kibazo cy’ubuzime, naho ku bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza, avuga ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne basabwa gusubiza ubutaka baguze. [29] Umutangabuhamya Gatarigamba Alphonse avuga ko yakoreye Bihozagara Jacques kuva mu mwaka wa 2003 kugeza mu wa 2006 ubwo yagurishaga isambu Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney, uyu amuha akazi, atangira kumukorera kugeza ubu. Avuga kandi ko iyo sambu yahingwagamo ibigori, hakaba hari harimo n’inzu babisaruriragamo, ariko ko nyuma y’uko isambu igurishijwe, umushoferi wa Bihozagara Jacques witwa Ngwangwa yahaje ashaka kuyisenya ngo akureho amabati, abavandimwe ba Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney baramubuza, bituma Gatarigamba ahamagara Bihozagara Jacques ngo abimubwire, ntiyamubona, yongeye kumuhamagara yitabwa na Muremanyundo Jeanne, amubwira iby’uwo mukozi, amusubiza ko agiye kuvugana na Bihozagara Jacques, nyuma uyu aza guhamagara uwo mukozi amubuza gukuraho ayo mabati. [30] Akomeza avuga ko mu gihe iyo sambu yari itaragurishwa, Muremanyundo Jeanne yajyaga ahaza rimwe na rimwe aje gusura ibikorwa byahakorerwaga cyane cyane mu gihe ibigori byabaga byeze, ariko ko isambu yagurishijwe hashize nk’amezi 6 atahagera, uwo bakoranaga cyane akaba ari Bihozagara Jacques kuko we nta cyumweru cyashiraga atahageze. [31] Muremanyundo Jeanne avuga ko ibijyanye n’ubutaka byakurikiranwaga n’umugabo we Bihozagara Jacques ariko akabimwereka kuko baganiraga byose, ndetse ko n’amafaranga yavagamo yayamubwiraga. Yongeraho ko muri iyo sambu bari barubatsemo igisharagati banuriragamo ibigori, umusaruro wavagamo bakawugurisha, amafaranga agashyirwa kuri konti ya Bihozagara Jacques, ariko ko nta kibazo yabigiragaho kuko yamwizeraga kandi ibintu byose bakaba barabivuganaga, ko ariyo mpamvu atajyaga amubaza ingano y’umusaruro kuko yabonaga amafaranga yinjira.

[32] Yongeraho ko amaze gupfakara yitaye cyane ku isambu yo mu Bugesera yakorerwagamo ubworozi, ntiyakurikirana isambu iburanwa kuko yari yarahungabanye kandi akaba yari azi ko

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ubutaka ntaho bujya, usibye ko n’ubusanzwe yajyagayo nka kabiri mu mwaka ajyanye na Bihozagara Jacques. [33] Akomeza avuga ko uwitwa Ngwangwa amuzi, ariko ko atari umushoferi wa Bihozagara Jacques ahubwo bafitanye isano, ko kandi azi na Gatarigamba Alphonse kuko yabakoreye bakigura isambu y’I Rwamagana, ariko ko kuva umugabo we yapfa atigeze amuvugisha amubaza uko ibikorwa bimeze ku isambu kuko yumvaga atari byo byihutirwaga, cyane cyane ko atari azi ko Bihozagara Jacques yayigurishije. [34] Avuga ko ibyo kuba iyo sambu yaragurishijwe yabimenye muri 2019 nyuma y’urupfu rw’umugabo we, abibwiwe n’umwana wabakoreraga mu Bugesera aho umugabo we yari afite ibiro, amuzanira inyandiko zari zirimo n’ubugure bw’iyo sambu. [35] Asoza avuga ko atibuka niba we n’umugabo barigeze babaruza ubwo butaka, ahubwo ko mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2013 umugabo we utari mu Rwanda yamusabye kujya kubaruza ubutaka bwo mu Bugesera, ariko ko atigeze amubaza ibijyanye n’ubw’i Rwamagana kuko ntacyo yari yabimubwiyeho, binamutera kumva ko umugabo yari yarabubaruje kuko ari we wabukurikiranaga. [36] Me Gahamanyi Justin avuga ko amakuru yatanzwe na Gatarigamba Alphonse nta kibazo bayafiteho uretse ibyo yavuze ko yavuganye na Muremanyundo Jeanne kuko uyu yabihakanye akanasobanura ko umugabo we ariwe wakurikiranaga ibijyanye n’amasambu, kandi ko buri rugo rugira uburyo bwo kugabana inshingano. [37] Munyangabe Henri Pierre avuga ko Gatarigamba Alphonse na Muremanyundo Jeanne bahuriza ku kuvuga ko uyu yajyaga ajyana n’umugabo we ku isambu, kandi ko bombi baziranye kuko Gatarigamba yari umukozi wabo, ko banahuriza no ku bikorwa byakorerwaga muri iyo sambu. [38] Asoza asaba Urukiko ko mu gufata icyemezo, rwazita ku byavuzwe na Muremanyundo Jeanne ko yabaruje ubutaka bwo mu Bugesera ariko akaba atarabaruje ubw’i Rwamagana, ko ibyo yavuze ko bari baragabanye inshingano n’umugabo we ko kandi yamubwiraga ibyo yakoze ku isambu byose, byumvikanisha ko yanamubwiye ibyo kugurisha ubutaka bw’i Rwamagana, ari nayo mpamvu ubwo butaka bwo batigeze babubaruza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kuba Muremanyundo Jeanne avuga ko umugabo we yagurishije isambu bari bafatanyije batabanje kubyumvikanaho kandi barasezeranye ivangamutungo rusange, ko rero amasezerano y’ubugure bw’iyo sambu akwiye guteshwa agaciro; mu gihe Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vienney avuga ko nta mpamvu yatuma ayo masezerano y’ubugure ateshwa agaciro kubera ko hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye bigaragaza ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yari azi iby’ubwo bugure. [40] Mbere yo gusuzuma icyo kibazo, Urukiko rurabanza kureba itegeko rigomba gushingirwaho muri uru rubanza, rubone gusuzuma niba Muremanyundo Jeanne yaratanze ikirego amasezerano y’ubugure yarabaye ntakuka. I) Ku bijyanye no kumenya itegeko rigomba gushingirwaho

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[41] Ababuranira Muremanyundo Jeanne bavuga ko inkiko zabanje zashingiye ku ngingo ya 21 n’iya 23 z’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, nyamara ko kuva aho hagiriyeho Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, iri ari ryo ryagombaga gukurikizwa kuko ari ryo ryariho igihe amasezerano yo kugurisha ubutaka buburanwa yabaga; rikaba ari Itegeko Ngenga kandi ryihariye (spéciale); akaba ari ryo rero ryakurikizwa gusumba itegeko risanzwe hashingiwe ku ihame rya “specialia generalibus derogant”. Banavuga ko mu ngingo ya 88, iryo Tegeko Ngenga rivuga ko ingingo zose z’amategeko aribanziriza kandi zinyuranyije na ryo zivanyweho. [42] Uburanira Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, Muremanyundo Jeanne yareze ashingiye ku ngingo ya 21 n’iya 22 z’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, impano n’izungura ndetse n’iya 35 y’Itegeko Ngenga rya 2005 ryagenaga imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda. [43] Akomeza avuga ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, zimwe mu mpamvu z’ubujurire Muremanyundo Jeanne yatanze, harimo kuba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwarasobanuye nabi ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru n’ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko ry’ubutaka rya 2005, bituma rugera ku mwanzuro utariwo, ko nyuma yo gusuzuma izo ngingo zagiweho impaka mu nkiko zombi zabanje, Urukiko Rukuru rwazisesenguye maze rugafata umwanzuro, akibaza icyo Muremanyundo Jeanne arunenga. [44] Urukiko rurasanga, mu rwego rwo kumenya itegeko rikwiye gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza, harebwa igihe amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu iburanwa yabereye, ni ukuvuga ku wa 09/11/2006. Muri icyo gihe, ibijyanye n’imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe byagengwaga n’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru. Nyuma hagiyeho Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 naryo ryavuzwe, rikaba rikubiyemo ingingo zivuga ku butaka butunzwe n’abashyingiranywe, kandi naryo ryarakoreshwaga igihe habaga amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yavuzwe haruguru. [45] Ingingo ya 21 y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 yateganyaga ko “Uko imicungire y'umutungo n'uburyo bawucunga byaba biri kose, ubwumvikane bw'abashyingiranywe ni ngombwa mu gutanga ikitimukanwa bwite n'umutungo bahuriyeho no kubitangaho ubundi burenganzira bwose”. [46] Iya 22 yo yateganyaga ko “Umwe mu bashyingiranywe wagize amasezerano ku mutungo agomba ubwumvikane bwabo bombi, agomba mu gihe cyo kuyakora cyangwa mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu akurikira, gusaba uwo bashyingiranywe ko ayemera. Iryo yemera rimenyeshwa mu nyandiko uwo bagiranye amasezerano; iyo nta gisubizo yatanze nyuma y’ukwezi gukurikira umunsi yabimenyesherejweho, ukwemera kwe gufatwa nk’aho kwatanzwe mu buryo budasubirwaho. Iyo uwagombaga kubyemera atabashije kuboneka cyangwa kugaragaza igitekerezo cye abitewe n’impamvu zikomeye, amasezerano aba ntakuka iyo hashize umwaka umwe ku bintu byimukanwa n’imyaka itanu ku bintu bitimukanwa”.

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[47] Ku bijyanye n’Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005, ingingo ya 35 yateganyaga ko “Gutanga burundu uburenganzira ku butaka, nko kubugurisha, kubutangira ubuntu cyangwa kubugurana, bikozwe n’uhagarariye umuryango bigomba kubanza kwemerwa n’abagize umuryango bose basangiye ubwo burenganzira”, naho iya 37 y’iryo Tegeko ikaba yarateganyaga ko “Kwemerwa kuvugwa mu ngingo ya 35 y’iri Tegeko Ngenga kugaragazwa n’inyandiko yashyizweho umukono w’abarebwa n’icyo kibazo cyangwa bateyeho igikumwe, bikorewe imbere y’umwanditsi w’irangamimerere cyangwa imbere y’Umukuru w’Ibiro by’Ubutaka akanabyandika mu bitabo bye”. [48] Ingingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa zirebewe hamwe, zahurizaga ku ihame ry’uko, ku bijyanye n’abashyingiranywe basangiye umutungo w’ubutaka, umwe adashobora kubutanga burundu cyangwa kubutangaho ubundi burenganzira hatabaye ubwumvikane na mugenzi we; zanasobanuraga uko ubwo bwumvikane bukorwa. Igishya ingingo ya 35 y’Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 yazanye, ni uko itagarukiye ku kwemera kw’abashyingiranywe gusa, ahubwo yavuze ukw’abagize umuryango bose basangiye uburenganzira, bisobanuye ko n’abana barimo. Ikindi yongeyeho n’uko yasobanuye kurushaho uko ukwemera k’umwe mu bashyingiranywe kugomba gukorwa. [49] Muri uru rubanza, icyatumye Muremanyundo Jeanne atanga ikirego asaba ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu yari asangiye n’umugabo ateshwa agaciro, ni uko avuga ko atigeze ayamenya ngo anayasinyeho. Icyo akaba ari cyo kiri bugarukweho mu bika biza gukurikira. [50] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, impamvu ya mbere ababuranira Muremanyundo Jeanne batanga bagira ngo bagaragaze ko Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rimaze kuvugwa ari ryo ryakurikizwa muri uru rubanza, ni ukuba ari Itegeko Ngenga, naho Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 rikaba ari Itegeko risanzwe, riri munsi yaryo, rikaba ridashobora kuvuguruza Itegeko Ngenga. [51] Urukiko rurasanga iyi mpamvu atari yo yashingirwaho harebwa itegeko rigomba gukurikirizwa muri uru rubanza, kubera ko ayo mategeko yombi, usibye no kuba ntaho avuguruzanya, atagena cyangwa ngo agenge ibintu bimwe (domaine), ahubwo nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, aruzuzanya. Iryo muri 1999 ryakomeje kugenga imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe muri rusange, mu gihe Itegeko Ngenga ryo muri 2005 ryakurikizwaga mu ngingo zimwe zaryo zijyanye n’umutungo w’ubutaka abagize umuryango basangiye. Nta n’aho ryigeze riteganya ko rihinduye cyangwa ko rivanyeho Itegeko ryo muri 1999 cyangwa zimwe mu ngingo zaryo3. [52] Indi mpamvu ababuranira Muremanyundo Jeanne batanga ni ukuba Itegeko Ngenga ryo muri 2005 ari itegeko ryihariye (special law/loi spéciale). Urukiko rurasanga ari ngombwa kubanza gusobanura icyo itegeko spéciale ari cyo. [53] Umuhanga mu mategeko Gérard CORNU4 asobanura ko itegeko spéciale ari irigira icyo rihindura ku itegeko risanzwe (droit commun), ko kandi aho ritandukaniye n’itegeko risanzwe, ari

3 Ryakomeje gukoreshwa kugeza hagiyeho Itegeko N° 32/2026 ryo ku wa 28/08/2016 ryagengaga umuryango. 4 https://www.lgdj.fr › Droit › Vocabulaire juridique, yasuwe ku wa 16/03/2026. “Une « loi spéciale » désigne une règle dérogatoire au droit commun, conçue pour régir une situation spécifique, une matière particulière ou une catégorie précise de personnes. Contrairement à la loi générale, elle prévaut dans son domaine d'application

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uko riba rigamije kugenga ku buryo bwihariye ibintu cyangwa icyiciro cyihariye cy’abantu ubundi byagengwaga n’itegeko risanzwe. Avuga ko rishyirwaho kubera ubwihutirwe buhari cyangwa kugira ngo imiyoborere ya Leta ikomeze kugenda neza, urugero akaba ari itegeko rigenga Imari ya Leta. Yongeraho ko itegeko spéciale rizana irengayobora ku itegeko ryari risanzwe. [54] Undi muhanga Pascale DEUMIER5 atanga urundi rugero, aho haba hari itegeko risanzwe rigenga ibintu byose bijyanye n’ubukode muri rusange, ariko nyuma hakaza iryihariye rigamije noneho kugenga by’umwihariko ibintu bimwe, nk’ubukode mu by’ubucuruzi gusa, rikanateganya ibisubizo byihariye ku bibazo byari bihari. Avuga ko icyo gihe, iryo tegeko rya nyuma ari spéciale, akaba ari ryo rigomba gukurikizwa ku bijyanye by’umwihariko n’ubukode mu by’ubucuruzi. [55] Ibisobanuro bitangwa n’abahanga bigaragaza ko Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 ryavuzwe haruguru ridakwiye gufatwa nk’itegeko spéciale, kubera ko ritaje rigenga ibihe cyangwa ibyiciro by’abantu byihariye ugereranyije n’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999, ahubwo ko ari Itegeko Ngenga risanzwe; bityo hakaba ari nta mpamvu ryarutishwa iryo tegeko. [56] Nyuma y’ibisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga yaba Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryuzuza igitabo cya mbere cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano kandi rishyiraho igice cya gatanu cyerekeye imicungire y’umutungo w’abashyingiranywe, yaba n’Itegeko Ngenga N° 8/2005 ryo ku wa 14/07/2005 rigena imikoreshereze y’ubutaka mu Rwanda, yombi yaragombaga gukoreshwa muri uru rubanza bitewe n’imiterere y’ikibazo kigomba gukemurwa. ii) Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba Muremanyundo Jeanne yaratanze ikirego amasezerano y’ubugure yarabaye ntakuka [57] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, uburanira Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne avuga ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yatanze ikirego amasezerano y’ubugure yaramaze kuba ntakuka, naho uburanira Muremanyundo Jeanne akavuga ko Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru atari ryo ryagombaga gushingirwaho muri uru rubanza, ko kandi yareze aho amariye kumenya ko isambu yagurishijwe atarabimenyeshwejwe mbere. [58] Ingingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryamaze kuvugwa iha umwe mu bashyingiranywe utarabashije kuboneka cyangwa kugaragaza igitekerezo cye abitewe n’impamvu zikomeye, igihe cy’imyaka 5 kugira ngo ayatambamire, cyarenga ayo masezerano akaba ntakuka. Ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo ko amasezerano aba “ntakuka”,

(specialia generalibus derogat), souvent pour répondre à des impératifs d'urgence ou de continuité de l'État, notamment en matière budgétaire. Elle apporte une exception à une règle générale plus large”. 5 Pascale DEUMIER, Introduction Générale au droit, 6è éd., 2021, LGDJ, Paris Cedex, p.266 “Toutes les lois n’ont pas le même degré de généralité. Il existe ainsi les lois générales, qui visent l’intégralite d’une catégorie et en constituent le droit commun, par exemple, les dispositions sur le bail. Si elles ont le merite de pouvoir fournir une solution à toutes les figures de bail, ces lois sont obligées de s’en tenir à un certain degré de généralité, pour pouvoir s’appliquer à toutes ses formes (ex. commercial, d’habitation, rural). D’autres lois vont dès lors s’occuper d’élaborer un régime spécifique à certaines sous- catégories, prenant en compte leurs besoins particuliers et y apportant la réponse la plus adaptée: il s’agit des lois spéciales, par exemple la réglementation du bail commercial. La question de la loi applicable à une situation est dès lors une question de domaine d’application matériel”.

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byumvikanisha ko iyo igihe iteganya kirangiye, utaragize icyo akora atakaza uburenganzira (déchéance d’un droit6). [59] Mu rubanza N° RCAA 0022/15/CS rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 15/12/20177, rwasobanuye ko ari ihame ku bashyingiranywe kugirana ubwumvikane mbere yo gutanga (donation) umutungo utimukanwa bahuriyeho cyangwa kuwutangaho ubundi burenganzira (kuwutangaho ingwate, kuwugurisha…), igihe amasezerano yakozwe n’umwe muri bo, akaba agomba kuyamenyesha mugenzi we kugira ngo agaragaze ko ayemera, uwo bagiranye amasezerano akabimenyeshwa. Rwasanze iyo habaye ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, umushingamategeko yarasanze igihe cy’imyaka 5 ari cyo gikwiye kugira ngo umwe mu bashakanye utarabashije kugaragaza ko yemera amasezerano yakozwe na mugenzi we adahari, abe yasaba ko ateshwa agaciro; ko kandi ibyo ari ngombwa ku ruhande rw’uwaguze, kugira ngo yumve atekanye mu buryo bwo gukoresha umutungo atikanga ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose hazagira uza kuwutambamira. [60] Rwasobanuye kandi ko niba umwe mu bashyingiranywe utari uhari cyangwa yaragize izindi mpamvu zikomeye ahabwa igihe cy’imyaka 5 kugira ngo amasezerano abone kumubaho ntakuka, bitumvikana ko muri urwo rubanza, uwari warareze asaba ko amasezerano ateshwa agaciro yamaze imyaka igera ku icumi (10) yose atarakurikirana umutungo we avuga ko wagurishijwe n’umugabo we atabizi, ibyo bikaba bituma amasezerano yabaye hagati y’umugabo n’uwo yawugurishije atagomba guteshwa agaciro kuko yatinze kuyaregera nyamara yari ahari. [61] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, amasezerano y’ubugure hagati ya Bihozagara Jacques na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney yabaye ku wa 09/11/2006, Muremanyundo Jeanne ayaregera ku wa 08/02/2021 nk’uko biboneka muri dosiye y’urubanza, ni ukuvuga hashize imyaka irenga 14. Ibyo bigaragaza ko yareze igihe cy’imyaka itanu (5) giteganywa n’ingingo ya 22, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko N° 22/99 ryo ku wa 12/11/1999 ryavuzwe haruguru cyararenze, bityo akaba yari yaratakaje uburenganzira bwo kurega. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu iburanwa ntakwiye guteshwa agaciro. [62] Nyuma y’ibimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa na Muremyanyundo Jeanne ko yamenye amasezerano y’ubugure muri 2019, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko, uretse n’uko nta kigaragaza ko aribwo yayamenye koko, hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe n’uru Rukiko, igihe ntarengwa ku muntu wese utaramenye amasezerano cyangwa wagize impamvu zikomeye, ni imyaka 5 nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [63] Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Muremanyundo Jeanne yatakaje uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikirego kuko yagitanze amasezerano yo ku wa 09/11/2006 yarabaye ntakuka, bityo ayo masezerano akaba afite agaciro. 2) Gusuzuma niba amafaranga asabwa muri uru rubanza yatangwa

6 Gérad CORNU, Vocabulaire juridique, Paris, 11ème édition, PUF, 1987, p. 232. “Perte d’un droit encourue à titre de sanction ... Nom parfois donné en dehors de toute sanction, à l’extinction d’un droit à l’expiration d’un certain délai”. 7 Haburana Mukakalisa Dancille na Nduwayo Nathan na Ndahunga Jean Marie Vianney, igika cya 31 n’icya 32.

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[64] Me Nsengumuremyi Frédéric na Me Gahamanyi Justin bavuga ko mu gihe kirenga imyaka 18, Muremanyundo Jeanne yavukijwe uburengazira bwe ku mutungo uburanwa kuko iyo aza kuba awufite aba yarawukoresheje akawubyaza umusaruro. Bavuga ko kutawutunga byamuhombeje 6.000.000 Frw yari gukuramo buri mwaka, akaba asaba Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney indishyi zihwanye na 6.000.000 Frw x 18 =108.000.000 Frw. Bavuga kandi ko iyi mibare ishingiye ku igereranya ry’umusaruro abandi bahinga babona buri mwaka, ko n’ubwo mbere batari bararegeye amafaranga amaze kuvugwa, basaba uru Rukiko kuzabisuzuma. [65] Bavuga kandi ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yashowe mu rubanza na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney wirengagije amategeko agakora ibinyuranye nayo bigatuma urega ajya mu manza kuko iyo atabikora izi manza zitari kubaho. Bongeraho ko imanza zatesheje Muremanyundo Jeanne umwanya kuko kuva mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kugeza ubu, yagiye aburana ahagarariwe n’aba Avoka yishyura, ariyo mpamvu asaba 5.000.000 Frw, akanasaba 2.500.000 Frw y’ikuriranarubanza; yose hamwe akaba 7.500.000 Frw. [66] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa na Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, bavuga ko abazisaba baje mu rubanza kubera Itegeko, bityo ko nta ndishyi bakwiye gusaba muri uru rubanza, ahubwo ko bakwiye gukurikirana iby’imanza za mbere zabageneye. [67] Me Munyangabe Henri Pierre avuga ko amafaranga Muremanyundo Jeanne avuga ko yavukijwe nta shingiro afite kuko kuba mu rubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG iyo ngingo itarigeze isuzumwa, urega adashobora kuyizana bwa mbere muri uru rubanza. Avuga kandi ko ibimaze kuvugwa byanatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/05/2023 mu rubanza rwa SANLAM AG Plc na Uwihanganye Jean. [68] Akomeza avuga ko ku bijyanye n’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza, byose nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Muremanyundo Jeanne ariwe wijyanye mu manza z’amahugu, akaba ari we ugomba kwirengera ibyo asaba byose. Yongeraho ko ahubwo abo aburanira basaba ko Muremanyundo Jeanne abishyura 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [69] Me Zirunguye Felix avuga ko ibivugwa n’abahagarariye Muremanyundo Jeanne ko ntacyo bavuga kuri UPI: 5/01/06/01/663 yanditse kuri Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée kuko bazanywe muri uru rubanza n’itegeko, atari ukuri, kuko mu mwanzuro wa Muremanyundo Jeanne usubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, avugamo UPI y’umutungo wabo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bamusaba 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 1.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [70] Ku bijyanye n’indishyi zisabwa na Muremanyundo Jeanne kubera umusaruro avuga ko yavukijwe, Urukiko rurasanga rutazisuzuma mu gihe amasezerano y’ubugure atateshejwe agaciro. Naho ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asaba, ntiyayagenerwa kuko ntacyo atsindiye.

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[71] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga asabwa na Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne afite ishingiro, kubera ko ari bo batsinze urubanza; rukaba rubageneye 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. [72] Ku bijyanye n’ibisabwa na Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée, baje mu rubanza bagobokeshejwe na Muramanyundo Jeanne, bityo biba ngombwa ko baba no muri uru rubanza rw’akarengane banahagarariwe na Avoka; bityo bakaba bagenewe, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw yo gukurikirana urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [73] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Muremanyundo Jeanne kigamije gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengne urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/10/2022 nta shingiro gifite; [74] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/10/2022 rudahindutse; [75] Rwemeje ko Muremanyundo Jeanne yatanze ikirego gisaba gutesha agaciro amasezerano y’ubugure bw’isambu iburanwa yaramaze kuba ntakuka, ayo masezerano akaba afite agaciro; [76] Rutegetse ko urubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/10/2022 rurangizwa nk’uko byategetswe, Muremanyundo Jeanne akaba agomba kwishyura Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yategetswe mu rubanza N° RC 00017/2021/TGI/NGOMA, rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2021 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma; hamwe na 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza yategetswe mu rubanza N° RCA 00004/2022/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 31/10/2022; [77] Rutegetse Muremanyundo Jeanne kwishyura Nyirimihigo Jean Marie Vianney na Karera Nyirimihigo Yvonne 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego; [78] Rutegetse Muremanyundo Jeanne kwishyura Gatabazi Turikunkiko Célestin na Mukagasana Consolée 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.