UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MURENGEZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MURENGEZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00307/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA vs MURENGEZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00307/2024/CA (Mukamurenzi; P.J.) 28 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – kugabanyirizwa igihano – Urukiko rwajuririwe – Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange , ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ubushinjacyaha burega Murengezi mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.Murengezi yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko igikapu basanzemo urumogi atari icye, Anavuga ko abamushinja atabemera. Urukiko mu rubanza RP00610/2019/TGI/GIC, rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye biri muri dosiye nka raporo yakozwe n’abapolisi yafashe Murengezi, n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, rwemeje ko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Murengezi Léonce icyaha birimo: Murengezi ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Murengezi yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha maze Urukiko rukabishingiraho rukamugabanyiriza igihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko impamvu z’ubujurire z’uregwa nta shingiro zifite, ko ariko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ingana na 10.000.000Frw. Urukiko mu rubanza RPA01082/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba bwari ubwa mbere Murengezi akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, runitaye ku ngano y’urumogi yafatanwe, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Murengezi yongeye kujuririra imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru kuko rutitaye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ngo rumugabanyirize igihano maze ahabwe igihano gito gishoboka. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano kuko yemera icyaha, kandi nta n’ingaruka zikomeye cyateye,maze agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Urukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00307/2024/CA, rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Murengezi nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo:Mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange , ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Bityo, igihano uregwa muri uru rubanza nticyakongera kugabanywa kuko nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze.

## Page 2

Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, Ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, Ingingo ya 49 Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’ Itegeko n°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA00060/2021/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza RPAA00367/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bapfakurera Jean Claude bita Kazungu rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/12/2024 Urubanza RPAA00122/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyiramugisha Angélique, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/12/2024 Urubanza RPAA00105/2023/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayiranga Abubakar, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/05/2024 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 16/09/2019, ubwo abashinzwe umutekano bari mu muhanda wa Kigali- Musanze bari mu gikorwa cyo kugenzura abinjiza za forode, bahagaritse imodoka ya Coaster itwara abagenzi, basaba abari bayirimo gusohokana ibyo bafite byose; Murengezi Léonce wari uyirimo asohotse asiga igikapu cye mu ruhande yari yicayemo, bagisatse basangamo udupfunyika 1300 tw’urumogi n’amatike menshi yanditseho amazina ye. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Murengezi Léonce mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Murengezi Léonce yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko igikapu basanzemo urumogi atari icye, ko itike bamusanganye yari yanditseho Murengezi ko nta yindi yari afite yanditseho izina Leonce. Anavuga ko abamushinja atabemera kuko harimo umushoferi kandi ari we wakabaye abazwa iby’icyo gikapu. [4] Mu rubanza RP00610/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 02/10/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihamya Murengezi Léonce icyaha birimo: Raporo yakozwe n’abapolisi bafashe Murengezi Léonce bagaragaje ko agifatwa basatse mu gikapu yari afite basangamo amatike yanditseho Leonce; Kuba amatike basanze muri icyo gikapu ahura nayandi yari afite mu ikofi; Kuba kandi Murengezi Léonce iwabo ari Rwamagana akaba yaravaga Musanze ataha iwabo; Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo umushoferi wari utwaye imodoka wemeza ko ahasanzwe igikapu ari mu mwanya Murengezi Léonce yari yicayemo Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Murengezi Léonce ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw).

## Page 3

[5] Murengezi Léonce yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire yifuza ko zisuzumwa n’Urukiko ari izikubiye mu mwanzuro w’inyongera yatanze ku wa 04/04/2024, aho yemera icyaha akavuga ko ibiyobyawenge aregwa gutunda byari ibye kandi ko yari abikuye i Musanze abijyanye i Kigali, maze Urukiko rukabishingiraho rukamugabanyiriza igihano; ntirushingire ku bukubiye mu mwanzuro we wa mbere. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko impamvu z’ubujurire z’uregwa nta shingiro zifite, ko ariko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ingana na 10.000.000Frw. [6] Mu rubanza RPA01082/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 19/04/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku kuba bwari ubwa mbere Murengezi Léonce akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, runitaye ku ngano nini y’urumogi yafatanwe, rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. [7] Murengezi Léonce yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA00307/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 10/01/2025, Murengezi Léonce yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Murengezi Léonce n’umwunganira bavuga ko icyo banenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru ari uko ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, akaba yaranagaragaje uburwayi afite ariko ntiyahabwa amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa ngo ahabwe igihano gito kugira ngo azatahe akibasha gukorera igihugu, ko basaba uru Rukiko kumugabanyiriza igihano bihagije kuko yemera icyaha, kandi nta n’ingaruka zikomeye cyateye, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba ko Murengezi Léonce yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [10] Ikibazo gisuzumwa mu ru rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba igihano Murengezi Léonce yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano MURENGEZI Léonce yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [11] Murengezi Léonce n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, ariko atanyuzwe n’igihano yahanishijwe kandi yari yaragaragarije Urukiko uburwayi afite. Basaba ko uru Rukiko gushingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’ Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, rukongera rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahanishijwe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 18 agahabwa igihano gito cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw kugira ngo igihe azatahira azabe ashobora kugira icyo yimarira, akanakimarira igihugu kuko kugeza ubu yemera icyaha kandi n’icyaha yakoze akaba ari nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateye. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba Urukiko ko Murengezi Léonce yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) hashingiwe ku kuba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, maze rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

## Page 4

[13] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumumenya niba Murengezi Léonce yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [14] Ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha”, naho agace ka 1° kacyo kagateganya ko “iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [15] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’ Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igateganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (…), (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [16] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 , ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano2. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka harimo nk’urubanza RPAA00367/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bapfakurera Jean Claude bita Kazungu3. [17] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba hari ikosa cyangwa ibyirengagijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru byatuma igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Murengenzi Léonce yahanishijwe gihinduka, agahanishwa igihano gito cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko Murengezi Léonce aburana ku rwego rwa mbere yahakanye icyaha, avuga ko igikapu basanzemo urumogi atari icye, ariko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha, rumuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000Frw. [19] Mu bujurire bwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Murengezi Léonce yatanze imyanzuro agaragaza ko atemera icyaha, ariko bigeze nyuma atanga imyanzuro iyivuguruza noneho agaragaza ko yemera icyaha akurikiranyweho. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00099/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mwenedata Jacques,

1 Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye uregwa agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. 2 Urubanza n° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, NSABIMANA Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254. 3 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza.

## Page 5

rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite kuko ibikubiye mu mwanzuro yatangiye ku gihe yabivuguruje igihe yari mu Rukiko no mu nyandiko y’umwanzuro w’inyongera. [20] Urukiko Rukuru rwifashishije umurongo wafashwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00194/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Emmanuel alias Shema ku byerekeye igabanya ry’igihano iyo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro, runashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwasuzumye igihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rusanga gikwiye kugabanywa kubera ko ari ubwa mbere Murengezi Léonce akurikiranywe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi, ariko runitaye ku ngano nini y’urumogi yafatanywe atunze. Urukiko Rukuru rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe, rubona igihano gikwiriye kandi gihuje n’uburemere bw’icyaha ari igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. [21] Mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’uru Rukiko ku baregwa bakoze ibyaha bisa n’icyo Murengezi Léonce yahamijwe, zirimo nk’urubanza RPAA00122/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nyiramugisha Angélique. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 10.000.000 Nyiramugisha Angélique wakoze icyaha afite imyaka 30, yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyo gutunda urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 1.494 tw’urumogi, kitagomba guhinduka kuko, yagabanyirijwe ahanishwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Mu rubanza RPAA00105/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/05/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kayiranga Abubakar, uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko bwari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana afite imyaka 24, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 19 n’ihazabu ya 10.000.000Frw ku cyaha cyo gufatwa atunze ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi udupfunyika 1.029. [22] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero igifungo cy’imyaka 18 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw, Murengezi Léonce, wari ufite imyaka imyaka 29 y’amavuko akora icyaha, yahanishijwe kitagomba kongera kugabanywa, kuko, nk’uko imanza zivuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki zibigaragaza, yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano cyahawe Nyiramugisha Angélique, bakoze icyaha mu buryo bumwe, bari mu kigero kimwe cy’imyaka, ndetse banafatanwa ingano y’urumogi yenda ku ngana kuko Nyiramugisha yafatanwe udupfunyika 1.494 tw’urumogi, Mugenzi Léonce we afatanwa udupfunyika 1.300 tw’urumogi. [23] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rusanga ibisabwa na Murengezi Léonce n’umwunganira, ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha ko Murengezi Léonce yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni 5.000.000 nta shingiro bufite; bityo urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro karwo mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Murengezi Léonce nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA01082/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 19/04/2024 rudahindutse; [26] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umunani (18) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) yahanishijwe bidahindutse; [27] Rutegetse ko Murengezi Léonce asonerwa amafaranga y’amagarama y’urubanza kuko afunzwe.