MUSABYEMARIYA vs MUKASIBOMANA N’UNDI

# MUSABYEMARIYA vs MUKASIBOMANA N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-11-08 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC00001/2023/HC/RWG - Collection: High Court

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MUSABYEMARIYA vs MUKASIBOMANA N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA RWAMAGANA – RS/INJUST/RC00001/2023/HC/RWG (Nyirabagande; P.J.) 08 Ugushyingo 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano – gutambamira urubanza – kuba umuntu abana nundi nk’umugabo n’umugore batarasezeranye ntacyamubuza gutambamira urubanza uwo babanaga yaburanye. Amategeko mbonezamubano – Itegeko rikumira kandi rihana ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina – Umugabo ubana n’abagore benshi batasezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’Amategeko agomba gutanga ibitunga abana yabyaranye nabo bagore kandi akabikura mu mutungo we bwite. Incamake z’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Mukasibomana wabanye na Getete batarashyingiranywe bakabyarana abana6, ahagarariye abana be yareze Gatete mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kiramuruzi, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko abo bana ari aba Gatete akanabagenera ibibatunga. Mu rubanza RC0011/06/TB/KZI- RC0012/06/TB/KZI- RC 0013/06/TB/KZI- RC0014/06/TB/KZI- RC0015/06/TB/- RC 0016/06/TB/, Urukiko rwemeje ko Nikuze, Ntivuguruzwa, Bazarererwanimana, Bankundiye, Mbarushimana na Niyodusenga ari bene Gatete, rutegeka Gatete guha Mukasibomana uhagarariye abo bana umurima akanamuha 10.000Frw y’ibyo yakoresheje mu gukurikirana urubanza. Mukasibomana ahagarariye abana yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare avuga ko umurima umwe udahagije kuko abana ari benshi. Mu rubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, rutegeka Gatete guha abana be ibipimo bibiri by’ikawa, urutoki nivo 3 n’igice n’umurima nivo imwe, ategekwa no kwishyura indishyi n’amagarama y’urubanza. Uwitwa Musabyemariya, nawe wabanye na Gatete nk’umugore n’umugabo batarasezeranye yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare atambamira urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG, asaba ko havanwaho irangizarubanza ryarwo ryo ku wa 15/08/2015 kugira ngo na we ahabwe uburenganzira ku mitungo ye yatanzwemo. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Musabyemariya gitambamira urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 176, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko uwashakanye n’umuburanyi n’abana babo batemererwa gutambamira urubanza mu gihe ikiburanwa ari umutungo w’umuryango. Musabyemariya yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi avuga ko mu rubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG harimo akarengane kuko atemerewe gutambamira urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG, ruvuga ko ari umutungo w’umuryango kandi we atarashyingiranwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Gatete ko batavanze umutungo. Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwemeje ko urwo rubanza rurimo akarengane, Mu cyemezo No 267/CJ/2021, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nawe yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rwoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana. Mukasibomana avuga ko ikirego cya Musabyemariya cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane kidakwiye kwakirwa kubera ko, ngo n’ubwo Musabyemariya atashakanye mu buryo

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bukurikije amategeko na Gatete ariko ziriya manza yarazimenye kuko babanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo, kandi impapuro zihamagara Gatete zamusangaga mu rugo. Mu birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Musabyemaliya avuga ko umutungo wahawe abana ba Mukasibomana harimo umutungo we watanzwe, wiswe ko ari uwa Gatete kandi ari uwo yihahiye. Mukasibomana avuga ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Gatete. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. kuba umuntu abana nundi nk’umugabo n’umugore batarasezeranye ntacyamubuza gutambamira urubanza uwo babanaga yaburanye. Bityo ingigo y’Itegeko ivuga ko umuntu wese ashobora gutambamira urubanza atabayemo umuburanyi mu gihe abifitemo inyungu; uretse gusa ku bashyingiranywe mu gihe haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango, ntimureba. 2.Umugabo ubana n’abagore benshi batasezeranye mu buryo bwemewe n’Amategeko agomba gutanga ibitunga abana yabyaranye nabo bagore kandi akabikura mu mutungo we bwite. Bityo, iyo bigaragaye ko mu mitungo yatanze itunga abo bana harimo iyumwe muri abo bagore, agomba kuyisubiza. 3.Indishyi zikomoka ku kuvutswa uburenganzira ku mutungo w’umwe mu baburanyi zitangwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko iyo uzisaba adatanze ibimenyetso byizo asaba. Gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bifite ishingiro. Ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza cyagombaga kwakirwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 1/06/20212 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 9, 111,176 Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ingingo ya 3, 65 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mukasibomana Philomène ni umwe mu bagore 3 babanye na Gatete James nk’umugore n’umugabo badasezeranye, wabyaranye na Gatete James abana 6; ubuyobozi bwa segiteri Rwimitereri bwategetse Gatete James gutanga ibitunga abo bana ari bo Nikuze, Ntivuguruzwa, Bazarererwanimana, Bankundiye, Mbarushimana na Niyodusenga; butegeka Gatete James gutanga urutoki amaterasi atatu n’igice, ikawa, amaterasi abiri n’umurima, nivo imwe yatanze ikirego asaba ko Gatete James yemera ko abana ari abe. [2] Nyuma y’amakimbirane ashingiye kuri uwo mutungo watanzwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Segiteri, Mukasibomana Philomène ahagarariye abana be yareze Gatete, asaba Urukiko kwemeza abana babyaranye bakanagenerwa ikibatunga. Mu manza RC0011/06/TB/KZI- RC 0012/06/TB/KZI- RC0013/06/TB/KZI- RC0014/06/TB/KZI- RC0015/06/TB/- RC0016/06/TB/ rwaciwe ku wa

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20/10/2008, Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kiramuruzi, rwemeje ko Nikuze, Ntivuguruzwa, Bazarererwanimana, Bankundiye, Mbarushimana na Niyodusenga ari bene Gatete James ari bene Gatete James, rutegeka Gatete James guha Mukasibomana Philomène uhagarariye abo bana umurima akanamuha 10.000Frw y’ibyo yakoresheje mu gukurikirana urubanza. [3] Mukasibomana Philomène ahagarariye abana bavuzwe haruguru yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye avuga ko umurima umwe udahagije kuko abana ari bensh. Mu rubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG (RC 011, 012, 013. 014, 015, 016/06/TB/KZI) rwaciwe ku wa 26/0/2007, Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro, rutegeka Gatete James guha abana be ibipimo bibiri by’ikawa, urutoki nivo 3 n’igice n’umurima nivo imwe, ategekwa no kwishyura indishyi n’amagarama y’urubanza ; urwo rubanza rwarangijwe n’umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga ku wa 15/08/2015. [4] Musabyemariya Vestine, umugore wa 3 wa Gatete James yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare atambamira urubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, asaba ko havanwaho irangizarubanza ryo ku wa 15/08/2015 kugira ngo na we ahabwe uburenganzira ku mitungo ye yatanzwemo. Mu rubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwemeje ko ikirego cya Musabyemariya Vestine gitambamira urubanza kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 176, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko uwashakanye n’umuburanyi n’abana babo batemererwa gutambamira urubanza mu gihe ikiburanwa ari umutungo w’umuryango. [5] Musabyemariya Vestine yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi avuga ko muri urwo rubanza harimo akarengane kuko atemerewe gutambamira urubanza rwaburanwemo na Gatete James aburana na Mukasibomana, ruvuga ko ari umutungo w’umuryango kandi we atarashyingiranwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Gatete ko badahuje umutungo. Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwemeje ko urwo rubanza rubonekamo akarengane, Mu cyemezo No 267/CJ/2021 cyo ku wa 12/11/2021 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeza ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo, rwoherezwa mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ruhabwa nimero. [6] Ku iyakirwa ry’ikirego Mukasibomana Philomène na Me Rugamba Issa bavuga ikirego cye kitari kwakirwa kubera ko, n’ubwo Musabyemariya Vestine atashakanye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko na Gatete James ariko ziriya manza yarazimenye kuko babana nk’umugore n’umugabo, kandi impapuro zihamagara Gatete zamusangaga mu rugo. [7] Ku birebana n’urubanza mu mizi, Musabyemaliya Vestine avuga umutungo wahawe abana ba Mukasibomana Philomene harimo umutungo we watanzwe, wiswe ko ari uwa Gatete Jamens kandi ari uwo yiguriye na Rwakabogo, kandi ko ubwo yabanaga na Gatete nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko uwo mutungo ntibafatanyije kuwugura nk’uko bigaragazwa mu masezerano hakaba n’urubanza rwabyemeje ko ari uwe, ruba itegeko. [8] Mukasibomana na Me Rugamba Issa umwunganira, bavuga ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Gatete James, kuwita uwa Musabyemariya Vestine akaba ari akagambane kugira ngo yamburwe umutungo wagenewe abana be. Bavuga ko ariya masezerano atagaragajwe mbere igihe ubuyobozi bw’inzego z’ibanze zakemuraga ikibazo cyo gutunga abana yabyaranye na Getete, ibyo aburana bikaba bitahabwa agaciro. Urukiko rurasuzuma niba hari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko hari umutungo wa Musabyemariya Vestine wahawe abana ba Gatete na Mukasibomana.

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[9] Ikirego cyanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RC00001/2023/HC/RWG, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 16/10/2033, Musabyemariya Vestine na Gatete James, buri wese yiburanira, Mukasibomana Philomène yunganiwe na Me Rugamba Issa. [10] Ikibazo gisuzumwa ni iki gikurikira : Kumenya niba Musabyemariya ubana na Gatete nk’umugabo n’umugore batashyingiranywe atari kwemererwa gutambamira urubanza rwaburanwe na Gatete Kumenya niba hari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko hari umutungo wa Musabyemariya Vestine wahawe abana ba Gatete na Mukasibomana. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO A. Kumenya niba Musabyemariya atakwemererwa gutambamira urubana rwaburanwe na Gatete, babana nk’umugabo n’umugore. [11] Musebyamariya Vestine avuga ko akarengane gashingiye ku kuba Urukiko rutaremwemereye gutambamira urubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 06/03/2016 Mukasibomana yaburanagamo na Gatete James ibirebana no guha abana babyaranye ibyo kubatunga, hanyuma mu mitungo yatanzwe hatangwamo n’ubutaka yiguriye hanyuma agiye kurutambamira, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego kitakwakirwa kubera ko haburanwaga umutungo w’umuryango hashingirwa ku ngingo we itamureba kubera ko n’ubwo abana na Gatete nk’umugore n’umugabo ariko ntibasezeranye, kandi ntibafatanyije umutungo kuko uwo mutungo watanzwe ari uwo yiguriye ku giti cye, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure, hakaba n’urubanza rwabyemeje rutyo kandi rwabaye ndakuka. Asaba ko byakosorwa agasubizwa umutungo we. [12] Mukasibomana Philomène na Rugamba Issa umwunganira, bavuga ko ikirego cye kitagombaga kwakirwa kubera ko urubanza atambamira yari yararumenye kuko na we yemera ko abana na Gatete James nk’umugabo n’umugore, kandi umutungo uvugwa Gatete akaba yarawuburanye babana mu rugo rumwe, inyandiko z’ihamagara akazisinya n’umugore ahari abireba akabyihorera. [13] Gatete James avuga ko izo manza Musabyemariya atazimenye kuko n’ubwo babanaga ariko ntiyabyitagaho kandi na we ntiyigeze abimubwira. Yongeraho ko uwo mutungo ari uwa Musabyamariya ariko ko yawuguze babana nk’umugabo n’umugore ariko ko atari we wemeye ko uwo mutungo uhabwa abana ba Mukasibomana. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 176 y’Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 1/06/20212 ryerekeranye n’imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya umuntu wese utareze cyangwa ngo aregwe mu rubanza ariko afite inyungu, iyo ari yo yose muri rwo, ashobora gutambamira urwo rubanza rumurenganya ngo rusubirwemo iyo, ari we cyangwa ari n’abo ahagarariye nta warutumiwemo. Ibivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo ntibireba uwashakanye n’umuburanyi cyangwa abana babo mu gihe ikiburanywa ari umutungo w’umuryango. Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umuntu wese ashobora gutambamira urubanza

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atabayeho umuburanyi mu gihe abifitemo inyungu ; uretse gusa ku bashyingiranywe mu gihe haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango. [15] Mu rubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 06/05/2016 n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare rwemeje ko ikirego cya Musabyemariya Vestine gitambamira urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG (RC011; 012; 013; 014; 015; 016/06/TB/KZI); ivanwaho ry’irangizarubanza ryo ku wa 15/05/2015; gusubizwa ururenganzira bwanjye ku mutungo) kitakiriwe kubera ko Musabyamariya Vestine atakwemererwa gutambamira urubanza rwaburanwe n’umugabo we kandi umutungo waburanwaga ari uw’umuryango. Rwongeraho ko n’ubwo batashyingiranywe ariko babana nk’umugore n’umugabo kandi Itegeko ntiryasobanuye niba ari abashakanye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko cyangwa se ababana gusa nk’umugore n’umugabo. [16] Urukiko rusanga uburyo Itegeko ryasobanuwe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bitahabwa agaciro kubera ko mu ngingo y’Itegeko havugwamo “uwashakanye” n’umuburanyi kandi haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango. Ijambo “uwashakanye” byumvikanisha uwashingiwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, kuko nyine iyo biba atari ugushyingirwa hari gukoreshwa “babana nk’umugabo n’umugore” ; kandi haburanwa umutungo w’umuryango : uyu mutungo kandi na wo wavugwa ku bashakanye cyangwa abashyingiranywe kuko ari bo bafitanye umutungo w’umuryango, naho ku babana nk’umugabo n’umugore (batashyingiranywe), nta shingano bafite zo kuba bafatanyije umutungo w’umuryango, banawufatanyije ntibyafatwa nk’umutungo w’umuryango. [17] Rusanga icyo iriya ngingo yumvikanisha, n’icyo yashakaga, ni uko abashakanye/abashyingiranywe, mu bihe bisanzwe baba bahuriye ku mutungo nk’umuryango; umwe ashobora guhagararira undi kuri uwo mutungo, bityo rero kuri Musabyemariya Vestine utarashakanye/utarashyingiranywe na Gatete James, ntiyari kubuzwa gutambamira urubanza hagendewe ku kuba umutungo waburanwe ari uw’umuryango kandi batashyingiranywe, kuko nta kimenyetso cy’uko bashakanye kandi ko umutungo ari uw’umuryango (mu mategeko ntibafatwa nk’umuryango uvugwa muri iriya ngingo). Ikirego rero cyagombaga kwakirwa kigasuzumwa mu mizi hanyuma Musabyemariya agasabwa kugaragaza inkomoko y’umutungo aregera. B. Kumenya niba hari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko hari umutungo wa Musabyemariya wahawe abana ba Gatete na Mukasibomana. [18] Musabyemariya Vestine yatambamiye urubanza urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG (RC 011; 012; 013; 014; 015; 016/06/TB/KZI); ivanwaho ry’irangizarubanza ryo ku wa 15/05/2015; asaba gusubizwa ururenganzira bwanjye ku mutungo). Avuga ko yabanye na Gatete James nk’umugabo n’umugore badashyingiranywe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, yigurira umutungo (nivo eshatu n’igice) mu byiciro 2 nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure hagati ye na Rwakabogo, hari kitansi yishyuriyeho kandi no mu rubanz RC0126/07/TB/KZI na RCA0012/08/TGI/NYG atsindira uwo mutungo kandi nta rundi rubanza rwabihinduye. Avuga ko bitumvikana ukuntu mu rubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG (RC011 ; 012; 013; 014; 015; 016/06/TB/KZI) yasabye gutambamira, Urukiko rwemeje ko Mukasibomana ahabwa na Gatete imitungo yo kurera abana 6 babyaranye, hashyirwamo n’uwo mutungo yiguriye. Asaba kurenganurwa kuko n’ubwo uwo mutungo yawuguze babana na Gatete, ntibashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko kandi yawuguze ku giti, ukaba rero utari guhabwa undi muntu. [19] Mukasibomana Philomène na Me Rugamba Issa umwunganira bavuga ko ibyo aburana bitahabwa ishingiro kuko uwo mutungo atari uwe ahubwo waguzwe na Gatete nk’uko yabyemeye

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mu manza zaburanwe, kandi na Musabyemariya Vestine, kuva igihe imanza zatangiriye Mukasibomana aburana na Getete, ntiyigeze agaragaza ikibazo cy’uko uwo murima ari uwe, inyandiko agaragaza zikaba zitakwizerwa kubera ko zisa kandi nyamara zitarakorewe rimwe kandi zikavuguruzwa n’umutangabuhamya avuga ko wamugurishije wemeza ko yagurishije Gatete. Bavuga rero ko uwo mutungo ukomeza kuba mu mitungo yahawe, Gatete agakemura ikibazo agenera Musabyemariya Vestine undi mutungo usimbura uwo yahawe. [20] Gatete James avuga ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwa Musabyemariya Vestine kuko yawuguze mu mafaranga yacuruzaga, abanza kugura nivo 2 na Rwakabogo, nk’uko biboneka mu masezerano yo ku wa 16/06/1966, hari abagabo barimo Biraro Tharcisse na Sebahunde Pierre, yongera kumugurisha nivo imwe n’igice ku wa 09/12/1998. Akomeza avuga ko uwo mutungo waguzwe babana nk’umugore n’umugabo, ko bawuguranye, yongeraho ariko ko yasabye ko buri mugore yagumana umutungo we, Mukasibomana ntiyabyemera, kandi yashatse kumuguranira ngo ave mu mutungo wa Musabyemariya Vestine ntiyabyemera. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko No 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibiminyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda. Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, igateganya ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya basobanura neza ibintu uko byagenze nk’ababizi, zihawe agaciro n’Urukiko zishingirwaho nk’ikimenyetso. Izi ngingo zumvikanisha ko buri muburanyi agaragaza ibimenyetso by’icyo aburana, atabibona uwarezwe agatsinda ; ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko n’ibindi. [22] Nk’uko biboneka muri dosiye y’uru rubanza, hari andi masezerano avugwamo ko Rwakabogo agurishije umurima Musabyemariya hakavugwa n’igiciro, uguze n’ugurisha barasinya, n’abatangabuhamya barimo Gatete n’umwanditsi Ntaganira, hakagaragazwa n’igishushanyo cy’ahaguzwe. Hari andi masezerano yo ku wa 16/06/1996 avugwamo ko Rwakabogo agurishije Musabyemariya umurima, havugwamo igiciro, igishushanyo cy’ahaguzwe n’abatangabuhamya barimo Sebahunde, Gatete n’umwanditsi Ntaganira Fidèle. Muri dosiye kandi habonekamo inyandiko (kitansi) iyishyuriweho 6% n’iy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka. [23] Hashingiwe kuri aya masezerano y’Ubugure yombi, Urukiko rusanga imvugo za Mukasibomana n’umwunganizi we, n’iza Gatete wivuguruza ko umurima yawuguranye na Musabyemariya umutungo uburanwa zitahabwa agaciro kuko amasezerano arasobanutse, agaragaza ko uwaguze ari Musabyemariya, Gatete asinya nk’umugabo (umutangabuhamya). Ibyo kuba izo nyandiko z’amasezerano y’ubugure zikemangwa, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko uretse kubikeka, nta kimenyetso gihari. [24] Urukiko rusanga kandi uretse ariya masezerano y’ubugure, hari urubanza RC0126/07/TB/KZI rwaciwe ku wa 10/01/2008, Mukasibomana yarezemo Musabyemariya ko amwambura isambu yahawe abana be, Urukiko rwemeje ko Mukasibomana atsinzwe ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Musabyemariya, ko umwanzuro w’abunzi kuri iki kibazo uvanweho. Mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure yo ku wa 16/06/1996 n’ayo ku wa 19/08/1996. Hashingiwe kandi ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya za Kabera wavuze ko umurima uburanwa waguzwe na Musabyemariya mu ntambara hagati, Mukasibomana akaba atari kumenya

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ko uwo murima waguriwe abana be kandi atari ahari. Ntaganira avuga ko ari we wari umwanditsi, Gatete agura na Rwakagabo, ko Gatete yari ahari hiyandikisha Musabyemariya Gatete asinya nk’umugabo. [25] Urukiko rusanga mu gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, imvugo za Rwakagabo zitahabwa agaciro kuko avuga ko yagurishije Gatete atazi ko atunze (abana na) Musabyemariya (ibi ni na byo bikubiye mu nyandiko yakorewe kwa noteri nk’ubuhamya bwa Rwakagabo); kandi nyamara Ntaganira w’umwanditsi akavuga ko bombi bari bahari, Gatete yandikwa nk’umutangabuhamya. Kabarera we yemeza ko haguze Musabyemariya, izi mvugo ze zigahabwa agaciro kuko zuzuzwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse n’ibivugwa na Ntaganira n’ubwo agerageza guhunga ukuri. [26] Rusanga imvugo za Rwakabogo kandi zitahabwa ishingiro, kubera ko, uretse no kuba zivuguruzanya n’iza Ntaganira kandi bashaka kuvuga bimwe, ariko ntanagaragaza amasezerano y’uko we yagurishije Gatete, ngo avuguruze amasezerano agaragazwa na Musabyemariya kandi yemerwa na Ntaganira wemeza ko ari kuriya yanditswe, gusa ntasobanure ukuntu hakozwe amasezerano mu mazina y’utaguze. [27] Nyuma y’ibimaze gusobanurwa rero, Urukiko rusanga ibyemejwe mu rubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG (RC 011, 012, 013. 014, 015, 016/06/TB/KZI) rwaciwe ku wa 26/0/2007, bihinduwe ku mitungo (umurima) yahawe Mukasibomana Philomène ngo imufashe kurera abana, hagakurwamo umurima ugizwe na nivo eshatu n’igice kuko byagaragajwe haruguru ko uwo murima ari uwo Musabyemariya Vestine yaguze na Rwakabogo, ku giti cye, ukaba ntaho uhuriye n’umutungo wa Gatete, ko rero utari gutangwa mu kurera abana ba Gatete na Sibomana Philomène. [28] Nyuma y’ibimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rusanga urubanza rutemereye Musabyemariya Vestine gutambamira imikirize y’urubanza ruhindutse mu ngingo zose, akaba yaragombaga kwemererwa. Rusanga kandi ikirego cyo gutambamira urubanza gifite ishingiro, ko umutungo wa nivo eshatu n’igice ari uwe, kuko yawuguze nk’uko byasobanuwe; byumvikanisha ko urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG, RC0011, RC0012, RC0013, RC0014, RC0015, RC0016/06/TB/KZ ryo ku wa 15/05/2015 ruhindutse ku mitungo yahawe Mukasibomana Philomène ahagarariye abana be; hakaba hakuwemo umurima ugizwe na nivo eshatu n’igice uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyakabanda, Akagari ka Rwimitereri, Umurenge wa Murambi, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Intara y’Iburasirazuba (bisobanuye neza mu rubanza RCA0073/014/TGI/NYG, igika cya 71); irangizarubanza rikaba rikuweho ku byerekeranye n’umutungo ufashweho icyemezo. [29] Ku byekeranye na Mukasibomana wambuwe umurima, Urukiko rusanga hagendewe ku mvugo za Gatete wemera ko uwo murima utari uwe, akavuga ko yasabye abagore kubaguranira bakabyanga, Mukasibomana Philomène na we avuga ko atakwemera kuguranirwa umutungo yari yaraburanye ; Urukiko rukaba nta cyemezo rwabifataho. C. Ku byerekeranye no kumenya niba hari indishyi zagenwa muri uru rubanza

1 Urubanza No RCA 0073/014/TGI/NYG rwaciwe ku wa 25/05/2015 MUKASIBOMANA asobanuza urubanza No RCA 0301/06/TGI/NYG/RC 0011, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16/06/TB/KZI.

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[30] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko buri muburanyi agaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ku wa 29/04/2018, Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Mu mategeko yo mu Gihugu cy’Ubufaransa hakavugwamo ko umuntu wese wangirije undi ategetswe kwishyura ibyangiritse2. [31] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umuburanyi watsinze ufite ibyo yatakaje ku rubanza, yishyurwa iyo abigaragarije ikimenyetso. Ibisobanuwe muri izi ngingo byumvikanisha ko iyo ibikorwa by’umuntu byangirije undi, nyir’ukwangiza, ategetswe kwishyura ibyangiritse byagaragarijwe ibimenyetso. [32] Musabyemariya Vestine asaba indishyi zo kumuserereza no gushaka kumuhuguza zingana na 600.000Frw, 8.000.000Frw z’ibyo yahombejwe akurwa mu mutungo we na 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. Mukasibomana Philomène avuga indishyi zisabwa zidakwiye kuko ahubwo ari we wajyanywe mu manza nta mpamvu hakaba hashize imyaka 15 ; na we asaba guhabwa indishyi na Musabyemariya Vestine y’igihembo cy’avoka 1.000.000Frw na 3.000.000Frw y’ikurikirana rubanza kubera gushorwa mu manza ku mpamvu z’amaherere kuva mu mwaka mu mwaka wa 2006. [33] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru, Mukasibomana Philomène yatsinzwe urubanza rwemeje ko umutungo uburanwa ari uwa Musabyemariya Vestine, mu rundi rubanza arega Gatete ahabwa umutungo harimo na wa wundi yatsindiwe. Ibi byatumye Musabyemariya Vestine agana inkiko, atakaza umwanya n’amafaranga, akaba agomba kubyishyurwa na Gatete James afatanyije na Mukasibomana Philomène, bakamwishyura 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ku nzego zose, akanishyurwa kandi amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y’indishyi z’ibyo yahombejwe no kuvutswa uburenganzira ku mutungo we ; agenwe mu bushishozi kubera ko na we nta bimenyetso yatanze ku rwego rw’imibare. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ikirego cyatanzwe na Musabyemariya Vestine gisubirishwamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro ; [35] Rwemeje ko mu rubanza RCA0035/15/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma ku wa 06/03/2016, habonekamo akarengane ; [36] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Musabyemariya Vestine gitambamira urubanza RCA0301/06/TGI/NYG, RC 0011, RC0012, RC 0013, RC0014, RC 0015, RC0016/06/TB/KZ ryo

2Aux termes de l’article 1382 du code civil francais (version en vigueur du 19 fevrier 1804 au 01 octobre 2016: « Tout fait quelconque de l’homme, qui cause á autrui un dommage, oblige celui par la faute duquel il est arrivé á le réparer”. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006070721/LEGISCTA000006136352/#LE GISCTA000006136352, consulted on 25th July 2022.

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ku wa 15/05/2015 cyangombaga kwakirwa kigasuzumwa mu mizi, kikaba cyakiriwe kigasuzumwa n’uru Rukiko ; [37] Rwemeje ko urwo rubanza ruhindutse ku mitungo yahawe Mukasibomana Philomène ahagarariye abana be yabyaranye na Gatete James ; [38] Rwemeje ko umutungo ugizwe na nivo eshatu n’igice bivugwa muri urwo rubanza, waguzwe na Musabyemariya Vestine, ko ari uwe ku bwite ; [39] Rutegetse ko umutungo ugizwe na nivo eshatu n’igice uherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyakabanda, Akagari ka Rwimitereri, Umurenge wa Murambi, Akarere ka Gatsibo, Intara y’Iburasirazuba (bisobanuye neza mu rubanza RCA0073/014/TGI/NYG, igika cya 7), uvanwa mu mitungo yahawe Mukasibomana Philomène, ugasubizwa Musabyemariya Vestine ; [40] Rutegetse Gatete James gufatanya na Mukasibomana Philomène kwishyura amafaranga y’indishyi abariwe hamwe miliyoni imwe n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (1.500.000Frw), buri wes akishyura ½ cyayo (750.000Frw) ; [41] Rutegetse Mukasibomana Philomène gufatanya na Gatete James kwishyura amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000Frw) y’ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza ;