MUSENGAMANA v SGF

# MUSENGAMANA v SGF

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-02-08 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUSENGAMANA v IKIGEGA CYIHARIYE CY’INGOBOKA KU BWISHINGIZI BW’UBURYOZWE BW’IMPANUKA Z’IBINYABIZIGA BIFITE MOTERI BIGENDERA KU BUTAKA N’IZIKOMOKA KU NYAMASWA (SGF) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00019/2022/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Hitiyaremye, Nyirinkwaya, J.) 02 Kamena 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Uburyozwe bw’impanuka – Uwishyura uburyozwe bw’impanuka ku kinyabiziga kidafite ubwishingizi - SGF yishyura uburyozwe bw’impanuka yatejwe n’ikinyabiziga kidafite ubwishingizi, hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Uburyozwe bw’impanuka – Kurega umwishingizi w’uwangirije - Uwangirijwe ashobora guhita arega umwishingizi w’uwamwangirije; icyo gihe uburyozwe bw’uwishingiwe bugomba kubanza kugaragazwa kandi uyu agomba kuba ataramaze kwishyura uwo yangirije. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Uburyozwe bw’impanuka – Kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwangirije - Uwangirijwe niwe ugomba kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwo avuga wamwangirije Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye igakomerekeramo Musengamana n’abandi benshi ubwo yari atwaye moto hanyuma akaza kujya mu kindi cyerekezo atabanje kureba ko hari ikindi kinyabiziga kiriyo agezeyo agongana n’indi modoka bituma haba impanuka. Ubushinjaycyaha bwareze Musengamana urubanza rugera mur Rukiko Rukuru ruza kwemeza ko icyaha aregwa kidafite ishingiro kubera ko habayeho ugushidikanya ku wateje impanuka. Musengamana ashingiye kuri urwo rubanza yatanze ikirego asaba ko Ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (SGF1) cyamuha indishyi ariko nubwo Urukiko rwisumbuye rwari rwemeje ko yahabwa indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko rukuru rwaje kubitesha agaciro kuko hari raporo ya polisi ivuga ko impanuka yaba yaratejwe nawe kandi akaba atabasha kugaragaza ikindi kimenyetso cyerekana ko atari we wayiteje. Uru rubanza rwaje kujya mu karengane ruhabwa Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga ngo ruruburanishe ruza kuruburanisha harebwa niba Musengamana yahabwa indishyi yasabaga. Urega avuga ko asaba indishyi kubera ko ikinyabiziga cyamugonze kitari gifite ubwishingizi kandi ko kuba ikinyabiziga kidafite ubwishingizi kigateza impanuka, bihita bishyira uburyozwe kuri SGF. Avuga kandi ko hari urubanza rwagize Musengamana umwere ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa abantu biturutse ku buteshuke n’ubuteganye buke no kutubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, bikaba bisobanuye ko atariwe wateje impanuka. Akomeza avuga ko abantu batandukanye batanze ubuhamya bakagaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka. SGF ivuga ko impanuka yabaye hagati y’ibinyabiziga bitatu bizwi, Urukiko rukuru rukaba rutaragaragaje ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka muri ibyo bibiri bisigaye ahubwo hakaba hari inyandiko ya polisi igaragaza ko Musengamana ariwe wateje impanuka.yongeraho ko kuba 1 Special Guarantee Fund

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imodoka itari ifite ubwishingizi bitavuze ko ariyo yateje impanuka ko hagomba kugaragzwa ibimenyetso. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwangirijwe niwe ugomba kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwo avuga wamwangirije bityo ibyo Musengamana asaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atagaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka, bikaba bidahagije kuvuga ko yagonganye n’imodoka idafite ubwishingizi kugirango SGF imwishyure.

Ikirego cyatanzwe cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza Nº RCA 00273/2019/HC/KIG, nta shingiro gifite; Imikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00273/2019/HC/KIG igumyeho. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo ku wa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho Ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa, ingingo ya 2, 4, 24; Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65. Nta manza zifashishijwe Inyandiko zabahanga zifashishijwe: Gérard CORNU, Vocabulaire juridique, 14ème éd., Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2022, p. 95, 921, Yvonne Lambert-Faivre et Stéphanie Porchy-Simon, Droit du dommage corporel, Systèmes d’indemnisation, 8ème édit., Paris, Dalloz, 2016, p. 598, No 660; p. 601, No 665; p. 603, No 670; p. 667, No 773. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Inkomoko y’uru rubanza ni impanuka yabaye ku wa 05/09/2016, mu Mudugudu wa Kagangayire, Akagari ka Karehe, Umurenge wa Rugarika, Akarere ka Kamonyi, hagati ya Moto Tvs RD 051 Q yari itwawe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney, imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z yari itwawe n’uwitwa Mugabe Patrick, n’imodoka Coaster RAD 342 G yari itwawe na Habimana Jean de Dieu. Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yakomerekeye muri iyo mpanuka, hakomerekeramo n’abandi bantu benshi. [2] Polisi yakoze inyandiko-mvugo y’impanuka yanzura ko yatewe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney wari utwaye Moto kuko atabanje kureba niba imbere mu kindi gisate cy’umuhanda nta bindi binyabiziga birimo mbere yo kunyura kuri Coaster yari imbere ye.

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Ubushinjacyaha bushingiye kuri iyo nyandiko-mvugo no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, burega Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa abantu biturutse ku buteshuke n’ubuteganye buke no kutubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo. [3] Urubanza rwanditswe kuri No RP 00153/2016/TGI/MHG, rucibwa ku wa 31/05/2017, Urukiko rwemeza ko ibyaha Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney akurikiranyweho bimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’amezi atandatu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga 100.000. Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yarujuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwandikwa kuri Nº RPA 00600/2017/HC/NYZ, rucibwa ku wa 31/01/2018, hemezwa ko adahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa kubera gushidikanya ku bimenyetso byatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha. [4] Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney amaze kugirwa umwere yegereye SGF, asaba guhabwa indishyi, avuga ko impanuka yatejwe n’imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z itari ifite ubwishingizi. Ntiyashoboye kumvikana na SGF, bituma aregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zinyuranye. Urubanza rwanditswe kuri Nº RC 00558/2018/TGI/NYGE, rucibwa ku wa 17/05/2019, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rutegeka SGF kumwishyura indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 5.210.470 Frw. [5] SGF yajuririye urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru ivuga ko itagombaga gucibwa indishyi kubera ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ariwe wabaye nyirabayazana w’impanuka yakomerekeyemo. Urubanza rwanditswe kuri Nº RCA 00273/2019/HC/KIG, rucibwa ku wa 08/05/2020, Urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa SGF bufite ishingiro, ko urubanza Nº RC 00558/2018/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ruteshejwe agaciro2 mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko: a. Inyandiko-mvugo yakozwe na Polisi yo ku wa 26/11/2016 yanditsemo mu magambo asobanutse ko inkomoko y’impanuka ari Moto yari itwawe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney, wanyuze ku modoka yari imuri imbere atabanje kureba ko mu cyerekezo aganamo harimo indi modoka yamanukaga bagakubitana, akaba ariwe wishe amategeko y’umuhanda ndetse agateza impanuka. b. Urubanza rw’inshinjabyaha No RPA 00600/2017/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku rwego rwa nyuma rwemeje ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ari umwere ku byaha yaregwaga, atari uko bitamuhama ahubwo ari uko hari ugushidikanya ku wateje impanuka, kubera iyo mpamvu urwo rubanza rukaba rutafatwa nk’ikimenyetso kimurengera. c. N’uwafata ko hari urujijo mu kumenya uwateje impanuka hagati ya Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney n’uwari utwaye imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z itari ifite ubwishingizi, kuko inkiko zaregewe zitamugaragaje, urwo rujijo rutashingirwaho hemezwa ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ahabwa indishyi zishingiye ku mpanuka kandi we atagaragaza ikimenyetso simusiga cy’uko atariwe wayiteje kugirango urwo rujijo ruveho. 2Aha bigaragara ko ari ukwibeshya kuko hatabayeho gutesha agaciro urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, ahubwo habayeho guhindura imikirize yarwo.

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d. Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 27, igika cya mbere, agace ka 5 y’Itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo ku wa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho Ikigega Cyihariye cy’Ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa3, Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney atahabwa indishyi igihe cyose inyandiko-mvugo ya Polisi ivuga ko ariwe wateje impanuka. [7] Nyuma y’icibwa ry’urwo rubanza, Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amaze gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, yoherereje Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga raporo y’isesengura yakoze, nawe amaze kubisuzuma yemeza ko urubanza rwongera kuburanishwa, rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwandikwa kuri Nº RS/INJUST/RC 00009/2022/SC. [8] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame ku wa 25/04/2023, Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ahagarariwe na Me Amani Jean de Dieu, naho SGF ihagarariwe na Me Nibakure Florence. Mbere y’uko Urukiko rwinjira mu mizi y’urubanza, rwabanje gusuzuma inzitizi yatanzwe na SGF isaba kutakira ikirego kubera ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yagitanze akererewe. Me Amani Jean de Dieu uhagarariye Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yasobanuye ko hatabariwemo iminsi y’ibiruhuko yemewe n’amategeko n’impera z’icyumweru, asanga umunsi wa nyuma wari ku wa 22/06/2020, ko rero ikirego cyatanzwe mu bihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko. [9] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 56, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko Nº 02/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko4 no ku ngingo ya 276 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi5, rwafatiye icyemezo mu ntebe, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na SGF idafite ishingiro kuko urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo rwaciwe ku wa 08/05/2020, ubusabe bwo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane bugashyirwa muri system ya SOBANUZINKIKO ku wa 12/06/2020, iminsi 30 itararangira kuko yarangiye ku wa 22/06/20206. [10] Nyuma yo gufata icyemezo ku nzitizi yatanzwe na SGF, Urubanza rwakomeje mu mizi. Ibibazo byaburanishijweho ni ibi bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba urega yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu; b. Kumenya niba urega yahabwa indishyi z’ububabare bw’umubiri; 3Abadafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa indishyi z’uburyozwe na SGF ni aba bakurikira: 5º uwabaye nyirabayazana akangirizwa cyangwa agahohoterwa n’inyamaswa, bitewe n’uko yarenze imbibi cyangwa akendereza inyamaswa. 4Ushaka ko urubanza rwe rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, abisaba urwego rubishinzwe mu nyandiko ikubiyemo impamvu ashingiraho mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi yamenyesherejwe imikirize yarwo. 5Iminsi y’ikiruhuko yemewe n’iminsi y’impera y’icyumweru ntabwo ibarwa mu kubara ibihe bivugwa mu ngingo ya 275. Nyamara, iyo umunsi igikorwa kigomba kurangiriraho ari umunsi w`ikiruhuko, icyo gihe cyongerwaho umunsi ukurikira w’akazi. 6Havanywemo iminsi y’ikiruhuko y’impera z’icyumweru na konji ya Eid Al-Fitr yabaye ku wa 23/05/2020.

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c. Kumenya niba urega yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi; d. Kumenya niba urega yahabwa amafaranga yishyuye kuri serivisi zitandukanye biturutse ku mpanuka; e. Ibijyanye n’ingwate y’amagarama, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yahabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu [11] Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney n’umuhagarariye bavuga ko bashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’Iteka rya Perezida N° 31/1 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga, basaba indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zingana na 3.299.060,78965 Frw zibazwe mu buryo bukurikira: (3.000 Frw x 30 x 12 x 31 x 35%): 1 + (8.232% x 31) = 11.718.000 Frw: 3.55192 = 3.299.060,78965 Frw. [12] Bavuga ko impamvu basaba indishyi SGF ari uko ikinyabiziga cyagonze Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney kitari gifite ubwishingizi. Basobanura ko kuba ikinyabiziga kidafite ubwishingizi kigateza impanuka, bihita bishyira uburyozwe kuri SGF. Bavuga kandi ko hari urubanza rwagize Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney umwere ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa abantu biturutse ku buteshuke n’ubuteganye buke no kutubahiriza amategeko yerekeye imihanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, bikaba bisobanuye ko atariwe wateje impanuka. Bongeraho ko abantu batandukanye batanze ubuhamya bakagaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka, imvugo zabo zikaba ziri muri dosiye no mu myanzuro bashyikirije Urukiko. [13] Me Nibakure Florence uhagarariye SGF avuga ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney atakwitwaza ko yagizwe umwere, kuko hashingiwe ku gushidikanya, kandi Urukiko rukaba rutarigeze rugaragaza uwateje impanuka ngo umwishingizi we abe ari we ubiryozwa. [14] Avuga ko impanuka yabaye hagati y’ibinyabiziga bitatu, abari babitwaye bose bakaba bahari, Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutarigeze rugaragaza uwateje impanuka muri abo babiri basigaye, nyamara inyandiko-mvugo ya Polisi ikaba yarerekanye ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ariwe wabaye nyirabayazana w’iyo mpanuka kuko yakoze inyuranaho ritemewe.Yongeraho ko asanga Urukiko rutari gufata umwanzuro wo kuvana uruhare ku wari warugaragajweho ngo rurushyire ku wundi na we atahawe amahirwe yo kwiregura. [15] Avuga kandi ko kuba imodoka itari ifite ubwishingizi bitavuze ko ariyo yateje impanuka, ko ahubwo Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yagombye kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko imodoka itagira ubwishingizi ariyo yateje impanuka akabiheraho asaba indishyi. [16] Asoza avuga ko n’ubwo SGF ibona indishyi zidakwiriye gutangwa, mu gihe zatangwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu zabarirwa ku gipimo cy’ibitsa kizaba kigezweho ku munsi w’icibwa ry’urubanza.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ingingo ya 2,1o y’ Itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo ku wa 14/12/2011 rishyiraho Ikigega cyihariye cy’ingoboka ku bwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bw’impanuka z’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izikomoka ku nyamaswa (Fonds special de garantie pour des accidents et des dommages causés par les automobiles et les animaux/ Special Guarantee Fund for accidents and damages caused by automobiles and animals ...), rikanagena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere byacyo, isobanura ko impanuka ari ibyago bitewe n’ikinyabiziga gifite moteri kigendera ku butaka cyangwa n’inyamaswa bitangirwa indishyi na SGF. [18] Ingingo ya 4,1o y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa yo iteganya mu nshingano za SGF, kwishyura indishyi abantu bahohotewe cyangwa bangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga (to compensate victims of damages or injury caused by an automobile / indemniser les victimes des dommages causés par une automobile) gifite moteri kigendera ku butaka, iyo uburyozwe bugiturukaho (la responsabilité civile à laquelle il donne lieu) butafatiwe ubwishingizi butegetswe, ku binyabiziga bifite moteri. [19] Ingingo ya 24, igika cya 1, y’ Itegeko N° 52/2011 ryo ku wa 14/12/2011 ryavuzwe haruguru, igira iti: SGF yishyura impanuka ziri mu nshingano zayo zabereye ku butaka bw’u Rwanda, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’amategeko agenga ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe ku mpanuka zatejwe n’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri bigendera ku butaka n’izatejwe n’inyamaswa. [20] Izi ngingo z’amategeko zimaze kuvugwa zirebewe hamwe, zumvikanisha bimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bikurikira: a. SGF yishingira uburyozwe bw’impanuka; b. Impanuka muri aya mategeko akaba ari ibyago byatewe n’ikinyabiziga gifite moteri kigendera ku butaka (cyangwa inyamaswa), ni ukuvuga ko haba hari ikinyabiziga cyatumye ibyo byago bibaho, mu yandi magambo cyateje impanuka; c. Mu mpamvu zituma SGF yishyura indishyi abantu bahohotewe cyangwa bangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka, harimo kuba uburyozwe bugiturukaho butarafatiwe ubwishingizi butegetswe ku binyabiziga bifite moteri; d. SGF yishyura hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe (civil liability insurance/l’assurance sur la responsabilité civile). [21] Uburyozwe (responsabilité civile), mu buryo rusange bukubiyemo uburyozwe bushingiye ku bwangizi (responsabilité civile) n’uburyozwe bushingiye ku masezerano, busobanurwa nk’inshingano zo kwishyura ibyo umuntu yangirije undi7. Ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bwo bugasobanurwa nk’ubwishingizi bugamije kwishyurira uwishingiwe ibyo yakurikiranwaho n’abo yangirije8. 7La responsabilité civile désigne en un sens générique (qui englobe la responsabilité délictuelle et la responsabilité contractuelle), toute obligation de répondre civilement du dommage que l’on a causé à autrui, …; Gérard CORNU, Vocabulaire juridique, 14ème éd., Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 2022, p. 921 8Les assurances de responsabilité désignent les assurances ayant pour objet de garantir l’assuré contre les recours exercés contre lui par des tiers à raison du préjudice qu’il a pu leur causer et qui engage sa responsabilité: assurance de responsabilité automobile, ….; Ibidem, p. 95

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[22] Abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko uburyozwe aribwo bushingiyeho uburenganzira bw’uwangirijwe bwo guhabwa indishyi, ikirego cye kigamije kugaragaza uburyozwe bw’uwangije kikaba ariyo nzira isanzwe, cyane ko icyemezo gifatiwe uwangije gituma umwishingizi ashyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’ubwishingire9. Uwangirijwe ariko ashobora guhita arega umwishingizi w’uwamwangirije, kuko abona ariwe ufite ubushobozi bwo kumwishyura10. Ibi bikaba bihura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 6 y‘Itegeko -Teka No 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, iteganya ko ubwishingire butuma uwangirijwe agira uburenganzira ku wishingiye. [23] Abahanga mu mategeko basobanura ko kugirango uwangirijwe ashobore guhita arega umwishingizi w’uwamwangirije, ari ngombwa ko aba afitiwe umwenda w’indishyi n’uwamwangirije, ibyo bigasaba ko uburyozwe bw’uwishingiwe bubanza kugaragazwa kandi uyu akaba ataramaze kwishyura uwo yangirije11. Abahanga mu mategeko basobanura kandi ko uwangirijwe agomba kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwo avuga wamwangirije12. [24] Ibi bisobanuro by’abahanga mu mategeko, bihujwe n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru, bigaragaramo imirongo y’ingenzi ikurikira: a. SGF yishyura uburyozwe bw’impanuka yatejwe n’ikinyabiziga kidafite ubwishingizi, hashingiwe ku mategeko agenga ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe; b. Uburyozwe busobanurwa nk’inshingano zo kwishyura ibyo umuntu yangirije undi, naho ubwishingizi bw’uburyozwe bugasobanurwa nk’ubwishingizi bugamije kwishyurira uwishingiwe ibyo yakurikiranwaho n’abo yangirije; c. Uwangirijwe ashobora guhita arega umwishingizi w’uwamwangirije; ibyo bigasaba ko uburyozwe bw’uwishingiwe bubanza kugaragazwa kandi uyu akaba ataramaze kwishyura uwo yangirije; d. Uwangirijwe niwe ugomba kugaragaza uruhare rw’uwo avuga wamwangirije. [25] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, ababuranyi bumvikana ku kuba imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z itari ifite ubwishingizi. Icyo batumvikanaho ni ukuba ariyo yaba yarateje impanuka, ku buryo SGF yakwishyura uburyozwe buyiturukaho. 9La responsabilité civile est la matrice du droit à réparation de la victime: l’action en responsabilité intenté par la victime contre l’auteur du dommage apparaît donc la démarche la plus naturelle, d’autant que d’après une jurisprudence constante “ la condamnation prononcée à l’encontre de l’assuré constitue, pour l’assureur de responsabilité de celui-ci, la réalisation du risque couvert, et par le même lui est opposable”; Yvonne Lambert- Faivre et Stéphanie Porchy-Simon, Droit du dommage corporel, Systèmes d’indemnisation, 8ème édit., Paris, Dalloz, 2016, p. 598, no 660. 10Plutôt que d’intenter une action en responsabilité civile contre l’auteur de son dommage, la victime peut préférer agir directement contre l’assureur du responsable, dont la solvabilité est la meilleure garantie de son indemnisation; Ibidem, p. 601, No 665. 11Pour exercer l’action directe, la victime doit être créancière d’une indemnité de réparation: cette condition, absolument fondamentale, suppose que soit établie la responsabilité de l’assuré et que celui-ci n’ait pas préalablement indemnisé la victime; Ibidem, p. 603, No 670. 12Désormais la victime n’a plus à prouver l’insolvabilité de l’auteur des dommages, mais elle doit cependant établir sa responsablité, et l’action de la victime contre le FGAO (Fonds de garantie des assurances obligatoires de dommages) suppose, comme l’action de la victime contre l’assureur de responsabilité, la mise en cause préalable du responsable…, Ibidem, p. 667, No 773.

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[26] Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney afite inshingano zo kugaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka, bityo nyirayo akaba agomba kuryozwa ibyo yamwangirije, binyuze ku mwishingizi ariwe SGF. [27] Urukiko rusanga urubanza No RPA 00600/2017/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 31/01/2018, rukagira Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney umwere ku byaha yaregwaga byo gukubita no gukomeretsa abantu biturutse ku buteshuke n’ubuteganye buke kimwe no kutubahiriza amategeko y’umuhanda n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, rutarigeze rugaragaza ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka hagati ya Moto Tvs RD 051 Q, imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z, n’imodoka Coaster RAD 342 G. [28] Icyo Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ashingiraho avuga ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z itari ifite ubwishingizi ariyo yateje impanuka, ni ubuhamya bw’ababonye impanuka babajijwe n’Ubugenzacyaha aribo Habimana Jean de Dieu, Karuhirwa Nuru, Dusabemungu Assite, Uwamahoro Rehema, Gatebuke Juvénal; n’umutangabuhamya utarabajijwe n’Ubugenzacyaha Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney yatanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga mu rubanza No RP 00153/2016/TGI /MHG. [29] Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney avuga ko Habimana Jean de Dieu wari utwaye Coaster RAD 342 G yasobanuye ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe imodoka yamugonze yamweretse kuko yari imaze kugonga kapo (capot) yangiritse. Ahera kuri ibyo bisobanuro akavuga ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z yari afite umuvuduko udasanzwe, ngo kuko imodoka igenda buhoro idashobora kugongwa na moto ngo yangirike kapo ku buryo umushoferi atareba imbere, ikaba kandi idashobora kuva aho igongeye ngo ikore urugendo rureshya na metero 36. [30] Urukiko rusanga igihe Habimana Jean de Dieu yabazwaga n’Ubugenzacyaha, yarasobanuye ko moto yamunyuzeho, ikongera igashaka kunyura kuri fuso yari imbere, igahita ihura n’ivatiri yavaga mu majyepfo ijya i Kigali ikayikubita. Yavuze ko ivatiri yahise ita icyerekezo igasanga Coaster yari atwaye mu mukono wayo ikayigonga. [31] Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwa Karuhirwa Nuru wari mu ivatiri Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z, yabwiye Ubugenzacyaha ko bavaga i Kabwayi bageze mu Nkoto, yakubura amaso akabona moto irimo kugendera mu mukono wabo nta na metero 5 zirimo, igahita igonga ikizuru ku ruhande yari yicayemo, bigatuma imodoka ita équilibre, ikagonga Coaster. Yongeyeho ko Moto yaje yihuta, akabwira shoferi ngo dore ba bamotari, ko akibimubwira yashatse gusubira mu mukono we, aribwo Coaster yabonye iri mu mukono we, aribwo yabagongaga. Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney ahera kuri iyi mvugo ya nyuma akagaragaza ko ivatiri yagenderaga mu mukono utari uwayo, ariko Urukiko rusanga muri iyi mvugo bidasobanutse niba ari ivatiri yashatse gusubira mu mukono wayo cyangwa niba ari moto, cyane ko umutangabuhamya yari amaze kuvuga ko moto yabasanze mu mukono wabo. [32] Ku bireba Dusabemungu Assite nawe wari muri Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z, yabwiye Umugenzacyaha ko bamanukaga, moto izamuka ikanyura ku modoka, ikabasanga mu mukono wabo ikabagonga, kandi ko yihutaga. Yabajijwe niba hari ibinyabiziga byari bihari bamanuka (ntibisobanutse niba ari ibyamanukaga nabyo, cyangwa niba ari ibyazamukaga), asobanura ko ntabyo; Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney akaba abiheraho avuga ko byerekana ko moto yari

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mu mukono wayo. Urukiko rusanga ariko umutangabuhamya yari amaze gusobanura neza ko moto yo yazamukaga ikabasanga mu mukono wabo. [33] Uwitwa Uwamahoro Rehema wari muri Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z yabwiye Umugenzacyaha ko bamanukaga mu Nkoto, bagahura na moto yarimo kuzamuka iva i Kigali igahita ibagonga, imodoka barimo yajya kugwa mu gishanga igatangirwa na Coaster, bagaca mu birahuri. Yabajijwe uko imodoka barimo yagonganye na moto kandi baragendaga mu mikono itandukanye, asubiza ko moto yinjiye mu mukono bagendagamo ikabagonga. [34] Gatebuke Juvénal wari utwawe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney kuri moto, yasobanuriye Umugenzacyaha ko bageze mu Nkoto akabona imodoka imanuka icanye amatara akagirango irabanyuraho, hashira akanya akumva igonganye na moto. Yabajijwe uko bagendaga mu muhanda, avuga ko yumvaga umumotari yihuta, kandi ko yanyuze kuri Coaster yihuta, yongeraho ko atamenye icyateje impanuka. [35] Uretse abatanze ubuhamya bagarukwaho na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney mu myanzuro yashyikirije Urukiko, hari n’abandi batangabuhamya babiri babajijwe n’Ubugenzacyaha aribo Kwizera Karebu wari utwaye Fuso, na Nkurikiyimfura Benjamin. Kwizera Karebu avuga ko yari imbere ya Coaster maze uwari utwaye moto akayinyuraho, nyuma nawe akamunyuraho atabanje kureba niba imbere ye nta kinyabiziga gihari, aribwo yakubitanaga n’ivatiri yari mu mukono wayo, nayo igata équilibre igahita igonga Coaster abantu bagakomereka. Nkurikiyimfura Benjamin we yavuze ko uwari utwaye moto yazamutse anyuranaho, amaze kunyura ku binyabiziga bine agahita akora impanuka, akaba yemeza ko ariwe wateje impanuka kuko yanihutaga. [36] Ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, igira iti: Urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze nta cyo bihimbira. [37] Urukiko, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’iyo ngingo, rusanga imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zasubiwemo mu bika bibanza, zitagaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka. [38] Undi mutangabuhamya witwa Mushumba Venant watanzwe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga mu rubanza No RP 00153/2016/TGI/MHG, yabwiye Urukiko ko ubwo yavaga ku kazi yabonye ivatiri imanuka yihuta ubona iri hagati mu muhanda, ikubita moto yari imbere ya Coaster, umushoferi wa Coaster asa n’uhunga, ivatiri iyisanga kuri bordure. Avuga ko ivatiri ariyo yari mu makosa kuko atabonye utwaye moto anyura ku kindi kinyabiziga. [39] Urukiko, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 65 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryavuzwe haruguru, rusanga imvugo y’uyu mutangabuhamya uvuga ko yari aho impanuka yabereye, ariko akaba ataratanze ubuhamya mu Bugenzacyaha, ivuguruzanya n’iz’abandi bose babajijwe nyuma y’impanuka, bityo ikaba atashingirwaho.

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[40] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney atagaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka, bikaba bidahagije kuvuga ko yagonganye n’imodoka idafite ubwishingizi kugirango SGF imwishyure. Urukiko rukaba rusanga rero adakwiye guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu yasabye.Nyuma yo kubona ko Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney atashoboye kugaragaza ko imodoka Toyota Corolla RAA 609 Z ariyo yateje impanuka, Urukiko rurasanga atari ngombwa gusuzuma ibindi bibazo yari yarushyikirije birebana n’indishyi z’ububabare bw’umubiri, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga, indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburambe mu kazi, n’amafaranga yishyuwe kuri serivisi zitandukanye biturutse ku mpanuka.  Ibijyanye n’ingwate y’amagarama, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cy’Avoka [41] Urega asaba Urukiko gutegeka SGF kumwishyura 3.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka. Arasaba kandi kwishyurwa ingwate y’amagarama yatanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ingana na 50.000 Frw. [42] Uhagarariye SGF avuga ko amafaranga urega asaba ari umurengera, ko Urukiko ruramutse hari ayo rumugeneye yahabwa 500.000 Frw amenyerewe gutangwa mu bushishozi bw’Inkiko zitandukanye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [43] Urukiko rusanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney asaba, kimwe n’amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, atayahabwa kuko atsinzwe urubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [44] Rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Musengamana Jean Marie Vianney cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza Nº RCA 00273/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020, nta shingiro gifite; [45] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RCA 00273/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020, idahindutse.