MUSHIMIYIMANA v BRITAM

# MUSHIMIYIMANA v BRITAM

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RCA 00039/2022/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

## Text

## Page 1

MUSHIMIYIMANA v BRITAM INSURANCE COMPANY RWANDA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00039/2022/HC/KIG (Gatete, P.J.) 25 Kanama 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’impanuka - Impanuka zo mu muhanda - Ingaruka zo kuba nyir’imodoka atubahirije ibikubiye mu masezerano - Iyo nyir’imodoka ariwe wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka, ayo makosa aba adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mpanuka yabaye ikozwe n’imodoka yari itwawe na Jyamubandi ikomerekeramo abantu benshi barimo na Mushimiyimana. Uyu yaje kwandikira Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd (Britam) yari yishingiye icyo kinyabiziga, asaba ko yahabwa indishyi, bamutumaho abonana na muganga wabo ariko ntihagira ikindi bamukorera bituma atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba indishyi zitandukanye. Urukiko rwemeje ko ibisabwa na Mushimiyimana nta shingiro bifite hanyuma ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko nubwo batwawe mu modoka itwara imizigo ariko barebwa n’ubwishingizi nka third party bityo ko bakwwiye guhabwa indishyi. Urukiko Rukuru rwakiriye ubwo bujurire maze rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba abatwawe mu modoka yagenewe gutwara imizigo barebwa n’ubwishingizi bwafatiwe iyo modoka nka third party. Mushimiyimana avuga ko yakomerekeye mu moanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyari kishingiwe na Britam ko rero ashingiye kuri ayo masezerano y’ubwishingizi asanga agomba guhabwa indishyi nk’undi muntu wishingiwe (third party). Akomeza asobanura ko kuba umushoferi yarakoze ikosa ryo gutwara abantu barenze umubare w’abishingiwe, ariho ahera asaba indishyi ariko akarega umwishingizi we. Uregwa yiregura avuga ko ikinyabiziga cyari gifite ubwishingizi bw’abantu batatu na third party gusa ariko umushoferi yakoze ikosa ryo gutwaramo abantu benshi bagera kuri 78 bituma imodoka igwa barakomereka bityo agasaba ko umushoferi ariwe wabazwa izo ndishyi kuko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’amakosa ye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo nyir’imodoka ariwe wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka, ayo makosa aba adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe bityo ibyo Mushimiyimana asaba akaba nta shingiro bifite kuko impanuka yakomerekeyemo yatewe n’amakosa yakozwe nkana na nyir’imodoka watwaye abantu benshi barenze umubare w’abo yishingiye, izo ndishyi zikaba zitasabwa umwishingizi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111.

## Page 2

Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021, Akarere ka Kirehe na Saham Assurance Rwanda Ltd (Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc) N’abandi), rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2021; RSOCAA 00007/2018/CA, Murekatete na Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 03/05/2019. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Taliki ya 02/12/2016 habayeho impanuka y'imodoka Camionnette FUSO RAB 864 L yari itwawe na Jyamubandi Vedaste maze ikomerekeramo abantu benshi harimo Mushimiyimana Marthe ahita ajyanwa mu bitaro; ko nyuma yo kuva kwa muganga yatanze dosiye muri BRITAM yishingiye iyo modoka, asaba kumubarira indishyi mu bwumvikane, nyuma ngo yatumiwe kubonana na muganga wayo kugira ngo bapime ubumuga yasigaranye, ko nta kindi cyagezweho ariyo mpamvu yaregeye Urukiko. Mushimiyimana Marthe yareze Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, asaba ko rwategeka BRITAM kumuha indishyi zitandukanye harimo indishyi

z’ibangamirabukungu,

iz'akababaro, iz’ibangamiraburanga, iz’ibangamira burambe, amafaranga yakoreshejwe kubera iyi mpanuka, igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, asaba no gusubizwa ingwate y'amagarama y'Urukiko. [2] Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Eloi Gentil Dialo ivuga ko impanuka yakozwe n’imodoka Camionette Plaque 864 L itwawe na Jyamubandi Vedaste yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’abantu 3 gusa, ngo akaba iyi modoka yarakoze impanuka ihetse abantu 78 maze bamwe bakomerekeramo harimo na Mushimiyimana Marthe naho abandi bitaba imana; ko iyo mpanuka yatewe no kuba imodoka ubusanzwe yari igenewe gutwara imizigo, ikaba yaratwaye abantu benshi bigatuma ihengamira uruhande rumwe ikagwa, ko rero Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd idakwiye kuryozwa iyi mpanuka. [3] Ku wa 18/03/2022, Urukiko rwisumbuye rwemeje ko ikirego cya Mushimiyimana Marthe nta shingiro gifite, aho rwemeje ko Britam Insurance Company Ltd itagomba kuryozwa indishyi zisabwa, ngo kuko nta kigaragaza ko uwo mubare w’abo bantu wari wishingiwe, akaba (uwishingiwe/umushoferi) yarakoze ibinyuranye n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi ndetse rwemeje ko amagarama yatanzwe n’urega ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [4] Mushimiyimana Marthe ntiyishimiye imikirize y’ uru rubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd yakomeje kujijisha Urukiko ishingira ku masezerano yari yaragiranye na nyir'imodoka ko yagombaga gutwara abantu batatu gusa (3), nyamara ngo ayo masezerano ntabwo areba Mushimiyimana Marthe, bityo ngo akaba yarahohotewe n'impanuka yatewe n'iryo kosa (faute) ryakozwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe na Britam bityo ngo ikaba igomba kuryozwa iryo kosa; ko rero amasezerano y’ubwishingizi areba iyo modoka n’ikigo cy’ubwishingizi, ko icyo bareba aruko ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kigomba kwishyura ibyangijwe kuko ngo imodoka yishingiwe ishobora no kuba yagonga abantu icumi kandi ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kikaba kigomba kubishyura. Mushimiyimana Marthe rero yari muri

## Page 3

iyo modoka yakoze impanuka kandi ataragize uruhare mu masezerano y’icyo kinyabiziga na Britam, bivuze ko ayo masezerano atamureba akaba agomba kwishyurwa ndetse ngo hari n’abandi benshi bishyuwe bari kumwe na Mushimiyimana Marthe muri iyo mpanuka, ndetse ngo Me Komezusenge Jacques ubwe amaze kubatsinda imanza 6 zijyanye n’iyi mpanuka, ko rero ikosa ry’uwishingiwe rituma uwishingiye yishyura ndetse ngo ikosa rikozwe n’utwaye ikinyabiziga ryishyurwa n’umwishingizi, ko rero umushoferi yakoze ikosa ryo gupakira cyane(surchargement) arimo ashaka amafaranga; ndetse ngo imanza zatanzwe zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana zitakoreshwa kuko ari urugero rubi. [5] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ya Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Munyaneza Eloi Gentil Dialo ivuga ko muri dosiye hari ikimenyetso kiri kuri No 14 kigaragaza ko ikosa ryakozwe ryakwishyurwa n’umushoferi wari utwaye iyo modoka, kuko ngo Britam ntabwo ariyo yakoze ikosa kandi ngo amasezerano agaragaza ryari Britam ishobora kwishyura mu mwanya wa nyiri ikinyabiziga. Ko rero abantu bari bishingiwe mu kinyabiziga ari batatu akaba aribo bagomba kwishyurwa ; ko rero muri iki kibazo harimo kuba harabayeho gutwara abantu mu gice cy’inyuma kitemewe(inyuma muri karoseri) ndetse hakabaho no gutwara umubare w’abantu barenze abishingiwe; ko hari imanza zaciwe zimeze nk’izi nk’urubanza RCA 00052/2018/HC/MUS ndetse ngo ku kimenyetso cya 9 hari n’urubanza rumeze nk’uru rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko kutubahiriza amasezerano y’ubwishingizi bituma umwishingizi atishyura indishyi. Ko kuba hari abafite ikibazo kimeze nk’icya Mushimiyimana Marthe bagiye bishyurwa na Britam ngo byatewe n’uburyo izo manza zaburanywe nabi, ko rero bitaba impamvu yo gutuma n’abandi bagomba kwishyurwa; ko ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko No 20/75 ryo kuwa 20/06/1975 y’Itegeko ry’ubwishingizi ryakoreshwaga igihe impanuka yabaga, rivuga ko ubwishingizi bubazwa ibyo bwatangiwe gusa kandi ngo ntibireba ibyo nyiri ukubufata yagombaga kwirinda, bityo rero ngo icyo ubwishingizi bwafatiwe bireberwa mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye nta kosa rwakoze mu kureba ibikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi kandi ngo urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 31/12/2021 haburana Akarere ka Kirehe na SAHAM, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi ku mpanuka isa n’iyi; ko rero Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd itaryozwa indishyi zikomoka kuri iyi mpanuka. [6] Iburanisha risojwe, ababuranyi bamenyeshejwe ko urubanza ruzasomwa ku wa 27/07/2023 ariko uwo munsi ntirwasomwa kuko Umucamanza yari mu masomo I Nyanza, isomwa ryimurirwa kuwa 25/08/2023. [7] Muri uru rubanza, ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa ni ibi bikurikira: • Kumenya niba abatwawe mu modoka yagenewe gutwara imizigo barebwa n’ubwishingizi bwafatiwe iyo modoka nka third party; • Kumenya niba Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ikwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka; • Kumenya niba Mushimiyimana Marthe akwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka, ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ ingwate y’ amagarama yatanze. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO

## Page 4

Kumenya niba abatwawe mu modoka yagenewe gutwara imizigo barebwa n’ubwishingizi bwafatiwe iyo modoka nka third party. [8] Me Komezusenge Jacques ahagarariye Mushimiyimana Marthe avuga ko ikinyabiziga FUSO RAB 864 L cyakoze impanuka yakomerekeyemo Mushimiyimana Marthe cyari kishingiwe na BRITAM ubwishingizi ku buryozwe ku mpanuka kandi ngo n’itegeko gufata ubwo bwishingizi (Assurance obligatoire responsabilite civile). Iyo mpanuka ngo yatewe n'ikosa icyo kinyabiziga cyakoreshejwe ryo gupakira nabi kandi birenze urugero (mauvais chargement et surchargement), ko rero Mushimiyimana Marthe yahohotewe n'impanuka yatewe n'iryo kosa(faute) ari nayo mpamvu aregera Urukiko indishyi zikomoka ku ikosa ryateje iyo mpanuka (action en responsabilite civile delictuelle/ Tort liability); ko basanga BRITAM yarakomeje kujijisha Urukiko ishingira ku masezerano yari yaragiranye na nyir'imodoka ko yagombaga gutwara abantu batatu gusa (3) mu gihe impanuka yabaye icyo kinyabiziga kirimo abantu 78, ko rero asanga ayo masezerano atareba Mushimiyimana Marthe, kuko we ashingira ku ikosa maze akarega umwishingizi ikirego kitaziguye(action directe contre l'assureur); ko rero BRITAM yagize urwitwazo imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, nyamara ngo izo manza zidatanga umurongo kuri iki kibazo; ahubwo ngo hari imanza nyinshi zimaze gucibwa n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuri iyi mpanuka yakomerekeyemo Mushimiyimana Marthe kuko ngo iyo modoka yarimo abantu benshi, hakaba harimo urubanza rw'uwitwa Butomo Jacqueline rwanageze mu Rukiko Rukuru/Kigali kandi ko zatanze umurongo mwiza, ko rero muri uru rubanza arizo zazagenderwaho kugirango hatabaho kwivuguruza k’Urukiko. [9] Me Munyaneza Eloi Gentil Dialo ahagarariye Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd avuga ko ingingo ya 66, igika cya 4, y'Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo kuwa 02/09/2002, rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, ivuga ko “Umuyobozi wa kimwe mu binyabiziga byavuzwe ku gika cya mbere abujijwe gutwara abantu mu bice by'inyuma bya karisoro y'icyo kinyabiziga cyangwa ya romoruki yacyo...”;naho ingingo ya 124 y’Itegeko n° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi iteganya ko ikigo cy’ubwishingizi gifite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi iyo: 1° igikorwa cyateje cyangwa cyagize uruhare mu kubaho kw’impamvu y’icyishingiwe cyakozwe ku bushake n’umufatabwishingizi, uwishingiwe cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi; ndetse ngo ingingo ya 11,30 y’Itegeko-Teka N° 20/75 ryo ku wa 20/06/1975 rigena ubwishingire, ryakoreshwaga igihe impanuka yabaga, iteganya ko “Nubwo nta ngingo yaba ibivuguruza, uwishingira ntashobora kwishingira ibyaha byatewe n’ikosa rikozwe nkana n’uwishingiwe” ndetse ngo ingingo ya 110 y’itegeko rigenga ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ivuga ko “Ukwiyemerera mu rubanza ni amagambo umuburanyi cyangwa umuhagarariye avugira mu rukiko agira ibyo yemera. Ayo magambo atsindisha uwayavuze”; ngo mu myanzuro y’ubujurire, Mushimiyimana Marthe yiyemerera ko impanuka yatewe n’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga wapakiye abantu bikabije mu modoka kandi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko bikaza gutera impanuka, ko nk’uko bisobanurwa n’ingingo zavuzwe haruguru, umwishingizi ntaryozwa amakosa yakozwe ku bushake n’umufatabwishingizi, uwishingiwe cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi kandi uwishingira ntashobora kwishingira ibyaha byatewe n’ikosa rikozwe nkana n’uwishingiwe, ko rero Urukiko rukwiye gushingira k’ukwemera kwa Mushimiyimana Marthe rukabihuza n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru rukemeza ko atsinzwe.

## Page 5

[10] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko ruzabona urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga haburana Akarere ka Kirehe ka baurana na Saham Assurance Rwanda Ltd (Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc) N’abandi), aho mu gika cya 38 rwavuze ko “nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko y’ubwishingizi babivuga, ingaruka zo kuba nyir’imodoka yarakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka ni uko ayo makosa adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe,…”; ko ibi binagarukwaho n’abahanga1, aho byasobanurwa mu kinyarwanda mu buryo bukurikira:“Umwishingizi ntashobora kuryozwa impanuka iyo ari yo yose, igihombo, ibyangiritse cyangwa uburyozwe mu gihe ikinyabiziga gikoreshwa mu bumenyi rusange no ku bushake bw’uwishingiwe adakurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’imikoreshereze”; ngo ibi bihura n’ibyakozwe na Jyamubandi warutwaye iyi modoka yakoze impanuka wayikoresheje icyo itagombaga gukoreshwa kuko mu ngingo z’amasezerano harimo ko hishingiwe abantu batatu(3), uwishingiwe akaba yarabirenzeho agatwara ubwinshi bukabije bw’abantu 78 bose mu gice kibujijwe ari nabyo byabaye intandaro y’impanuka; ko asaba ko Urukiko ruzabona imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana RCA 00044/2017/HC/RWG (BRITAM INSURANCE Co Ltd. V Mukarubuga Stephanie n’abandi), Urubanza RCA 00011/2018/HC/RWG (Umwari Sandrine V. BRITAM INSURANCE Co Ltd.), Urubanza RCA 00045/2017/HC/RWG (Nkusi Alphonse n’abandi V. BRITAM INSURANCE Co Ltd.), akaba haragiye hafatwa umwanzuro ko BRITAM INSURANCE atariyo igomba kwishyuzwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zabayeho ku makosa y’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga; ngo Urukiko kandi ruzabona ko muri uru rubanza ikiburanwa gisa nk’icyaburanwe mu rubanza RCA 00052/2018/AHC/MUS haburana Uwambayeneza Caritas n’abandi vs SAHAM Assurance ltd, mu gika cya 7-11 aho Urukiko rwemeje ko SAHAM idashobora kwishyura indishyi z’abantu 6 bose bari batwawe mu kinyabiziga ahubwo igomba kwishyura abantu batatu gusa kuko aribo bari barishingiwe. [11] Kubijyanye n’uko Mushimiyimana Marthe avuga ko yifuza indishyi ashingiye ku kuba urubanza rushingiye ku buryozwe bw'ikosa (tort liability/ responsibilite civile delictuelle) aho kuba bushingiye ku masezerano, ngo Britam ishingiye ku busobanuro bw’ijambo (tort liability) bwatanzwe na Ministeri y’ubutabera, mu nyandiko yayo yiswe “Glossary on legal terms”, basobanura ko ari uburyozwe butegeka uwakoze ikosa kuriha ibyangiritse biturutse kuri iryo kosa rye, ko rero bivuze ko niba Mushimiyimana Marthe aregera Tort Liability, hashingiwe kuri ubwo busobanuro BRITAM itagakwiye kuba ariyo yarezwe ahubwo hari kuregwa JYAMUBANDI Vedaste kuko ariwe wakose ayo makosa; ko ibi byose bigaragaza ko nta mpamvu n’imwe yatuma BRITAM iryozwa indishyi Mushimiyimana Marthe aregera; asaba ko Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubu bujurire Mushimiyimana Marthe nta shingiro bufite. Uko Urukiko rubibona; [12] Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021 haburana Akarere ka Kirehe na Saham Assurance Rwanda Ltd (Sanlam Assurances Générales Plc) N’abandi) rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 31 Ukuboza 2021 rwafashe umurongo ku kibazo kimeze nk’iki kiburanwa muri uru 1 Igitabo “General Principles of Insurance cya Professor” cya Robert Vivianna Dr Albert Mushaibo muri Afrika y’epfo, aho bavuga bati: “The insurer shall not be liable for anyaccident, loss, damage or liability whilst the vehicle is being used with the general knowledge and consent of the insured otherwise than in accordance with the descriptionof use clause. ”

## Page 6

rubanza, aho mu gika cya 37 na 38 rwavuze ko ingaruka zo kuba nyir’imodoka atubahirije ibikubiye mu masezerano, iyo nyir’imodoka ariwe wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka, ayo makosa aba adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe.”2 [13] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaremeje3 ko Mushimiyimana Marthe atahabwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka asaba kuko iyo mpanuka yatewe n’amakosa y’uwari utwaye icyo kinyabiziga watwaye muri karoseri abantu 78 kandi bitemewe kandi iyo modoka yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’abantu 3 gusa ndetse ko umwishingizi ataryozwa amakosa uwishingiye yakoze ku bushake, kandi akaba atakwishyura indishyi z’ibyo atishingiye mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi ndetse rushihingira ku ngingo ya 124 ya y’Itegeko N° 030/2021 ryo ku wa 30/06/2021 rigenga imitunganyirize y’umurimo w’ubwishingizi iteganya ko Ikigo cy’ubwishingizi gifite uburenganzira bwo kutishyura indishyi iyo: 1° igikorwa cyateje cyangwa cyagize uruhare mu kubaho kw’impamvu y’icyishingiwe cyakozwe ku bushake n’umufatabwishingizi, uwishingiwe cyangwa umugenerwabwishingizi; runashingira ku ngingo ya 66, igika cya 4 y'Iteka rya Perezida N° 85/01 ryo kuwa 02/09/2002, rishyiraho amabwiriza rusange agenga imihanda n'uburyo bwo kuyigendamo, ivuga ko Umuyobozi wa kimwe mu binyabiziga byavuzwe ku gika cya mbere abujijwe gutwara abantu mu bice by'inyuma bya karisoro y'icyo kinyabiziga cyangwa ya romoruki yacyo; …., nyamara, umuyobozi ashobora kwemerera umuntu umwe cyangwa benshi gufata umwanya mu gice cy'ikinyabiziga kigenewe gutwara ibintu, iyo abona bishoboka kandi bidashobora kuvamo impamvu yatera impanuka. Agomba kuba yizeye ko ahantu hose umutekano w'abo atwaye udashobora guhungabana. c) Ibimaze kubuzwa ntibikurikizwa n'abayobozi b'ibinyabiziga bikoreshwa mu mirimo ya gisirikare cyangwa ya gipolisi; cyangwa mu mirimo y'abarwanya inkongi cyangwa y'abasukura imihanda. [14] Kubijyanye na Third party mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, uru Rukiko rusanga baba abantu cyangwa ibintu byangijwe n’impanuka y’ikinyabiziga batari bateganijwe mu masezerano, bakaba bakwishyurwa igihe habaye impanuka; ariko ntibisobanuye ko bagomba buri gihe kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga kuko mu gihe iyo mpanuka yatewe n’ikosa ryakozwe nkana n’abishingiwe cyangwa umushoferi; byumvikanisha ko ababigizemo uruhare aribo bakwiye kubiryozwa. [15] Kubijyanye rero n’ibivugwa na Me Komezusenge Jacques uhagarariye Mushimiyimana Marthe ko uyu yari third party nawe akwiye kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi, uru Rukiko rwemeranya n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RCA 00044/2017/HC/RWG mu gice cya 12 aho 2 [37] Urukiko rurasanga Gatashya Ezra yaremeye gutwara abagenzi ahapakirwa imizigo, atwara abantu 52 kandi azi ko afite ubwishingizi bw’abantu batatu gusa, yemera kandi ko imodoka ye y’ikamyo itwarwa n’umushoferi udafite uruhushya rwo kuyitwara, ibi rero ntabwo ari uburangare busanzwe (négligence ordinaire) ubundi butaganisha ku guteganya cyangwa gushaka impanuka, nta n’ikigaragaza ko yari agambiriye indonke (risques calculés), ahubwo ni amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano yari afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi, ayo makosa akaba yarayakoze abizi kandi abishaka kukokugeza ubu abazungura be batabasha kugaragaza impamvu ikomeye yatumye ayakora. [38] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko abahanga mu mategeko y’ubwishingizi babivuga, ingaruka zo kuba nyir’imodoka yarakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza inshingano afite mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi abizi kandi abishaka ni uko ayo makosa adashobora kurengerwa n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi haba ku bimureba cyangwa abangirijwe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe, ariyo mpamvu ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza indishyi zigomba gucibwa abazungura ba Gatashya Ezra bonyine kuko ariwe utarubahirije inshingano yari afite mu masezeranoy’ubwishingizi. 3 Urubanza rujuririrwa RC 00956/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 21/01/2022, mu gace ka 5-11.

## Page 7

rwasobanuye ko third party yumvikana ko ari ibintu cyangwa abantu imodoka yakwangiza aho ariho hose yabasanga, ariko batatwawe muri karisori ibujijwe, kuko umwishingizi(assureur) yaba agiye kwishyura ibyangijwe bitarebwa n’amasezerano(contrat) kandi bigakorwa ku makosa ya nyiri kinyabiziga yakoze ku bwende, kuko kudatwara abantu muri karisori aba yarashoboraga kutabikora; akaba rero muri uru rubanza RCA 00044/2017/HC/RWG Britam yaraburanaga n’abafite uburenganzira k’uwitwa Minani Faustin nawe wahitanywe n’impanuka yakomerekeyemo Mushimiyimana Marthe yavuzwe hejuru, Urukiko rwemeje ko Britam idakwiye kuryozwa iyi mpanuka, ko ikirego cyabo nta shingiro gifite. [16] Urukiko rusanga urega n’umwunganira avuga ko uru Rukiko rwashingira ku rubanza RC 00877/2017/TGI/NYGE rwafasheho umurongo, kandi mu bujurire hagumaho umurongo watanzwe n'uru Rukiko mu rubanza RCA 00220/2018/HC/KIG, ko Britam nk'umwishingizi yategetswe kwishyurira uwo yishingiye; akaba uru Rukiko rusanga izi manza bagaragaza zitagomba gushingirwaho kuko atarizo zonyine zaciwe zikomotse kuri iyo mpanuka kuko hari izindi zirimo n’urwavuzwe mu gika kibanza iki zemeje ko BRITAM itagomba kuryozwa izo ndishyi ari nazo manza uru Rukiko rusanga zifite ishingiro kuko umurongo wafashwe wo kutaryoza Britam izo ndishyi ariwo uhura n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko zavuzwe zigaragaza ko umwishingizi ataryozwa amakosa uwishingiye yakoze ku bushake, kandi akaba atakwishyura indishyi z’ibyo atishingiye. [17] Urukiko rusanga kuba umuyobozi w’iki kinyabiziga witwa Jyamubandi yari umukozi wa nyiri ikinyabiziga, ku bushake bwe yaratwaye abantu 78 barimo n‘urega mu bice by’inyuma bya karisoro by’imodoka Camioneti Plaque 864 L yari igenewe gutwara imizigo, kandi abona ko byatera impanuka, bikaza gutuma igwa, bigaragaza ko ku bushake bwe ariwe watumye iyo mpanuka ibaho; bikaba bigaragara ko uwo mubare w’abo bantu utari wishingiwe, akaba yarakoze ibinyuranye n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, bituma Britam Insurance Co Ltd itaryozwa indishyi zisabwa dore ko itaryozwa indishyi z’abantu batwawe mu modoka barenze ku mubare w’abo yishingiye, byongeye kandi batwawe aho batagombaga gutwarwa akaba ari nabyo byateje impanuka. [18] Urukiko rusanga no ku masezerano ubwayo agaragaza ko hishingiwe abantu batatu(passengers) na third part only, bityo ko abari mu modoka bose batafatwa nka Third part kuko ntabwo umushoferi yakoze impanuka arimo gukora ibyo yarategetswe gukora cyangwa yagombaga gukora, ahubwo yakoze impanuka ari gukora ibitemewe n’amategeko, bitanemewe n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi, bitari no mu nshingano ze ndetse aziko adakwiye kubikora kandi yagombye kuba azi n’ingaruka byatera; ibi bikorwa rero byakozwe n’umushoferi w’iki kinyabiziga byo gutwara abantu muri karoseri kandi azi ko bibujijwe, bigaragaza ko iri kosa yarikoze nkana bityo akaba ariwe ukwiye kuriryozwa kuko umwishingizi atagomba kuryozwa ikosa ryakozwe nkana n’undi muntu, ahubwo umwishingizi yishyura ibyo yishyingiye mu masezerano harimo na third party mugihe nta kosa ry’undi ririmo wabiryozwa; abatwawe mu modoka bagombye kuba bateganijwe mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi bityo kurenza uwo mubare wabishingiwe aba ari amakosa akozwe nkana n’ubatwaye akaba ariwe ugomba kuyirengera. Ni nabyo byemejwe murubanza RCA 00044/2017/HC/RWG haburana Britam n’abazungura ba Minani Faustin, byemezwa mu rubanza RCA 00052/2018/AHC/MUS haburana Uwambayeneza Caritas n’abandi vs SAHAM Assurance ltd, mu gika cya 7-11 ndetse akaba aribyo bihuje n’umurongo wemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2021; ibi byemejwe muri izi manza bikaba binyuranye n’ibyemejwe mu rubanza RCA 00220/2018/HC/KIG ariyo mpamvu muri uru

## Page 8

rubanza hatakurikizwa uyu umurongo nk’uko byasabwaga na Me Komezusenge Jacques uhagarariye Mushimiyimana Marthe. [19] Urukiko rukaba rusanga ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe na Mushimiyimana Marthe ijyanye n’uko BRITAM INSURANCE ariyo yakwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yakomerekeyemo atwawe hamwe n’abandi muri karisori y’imodoka kandi hatagombaga gutwarwa abantu akaba nta shingiro ifite; hakaba hakwiye kugumaho ibyemejwe murubanza rujuririrwa. Kumenya niba Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ikwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [20] Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd irasaba Urukiko gutegeka Mushimiyimana Marthe kuyisubiza amafaranga yatanze kuri uru rubanza kuva mu rwego rwa mbere kugera mu rwego rwa abiri. Murwego rwa mbere 1,000,000frw y'igihembo cya avoka na 500,000frw n’ikurikiranarubanza naho mu rwego rw’ubujurire, 800,000frw y'igihembo cya avoka na 200,000frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. [21] Mushimiyimana Marthe avuga ko nta ndishyi bakwiye guhabwa kubera ko babona uburyozwe bw’iyi mpanuka bubareba, bityo bakaba basanga ubujurire bwa Britam bwuririye kubundi nta shingiro bwahabwa kuko bugamije gukomeza guhunga inshingano zabo. Uko Urukiko rubibona [22] Urubanza RSOCAA 00007/2018/CA rwa Murekatete Jovia (wajuriye) na Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba rwaciwe kuwa 03/05/2019 n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu gika cya 50 kugeza ku gika cya 51, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko uwatsinzwe urubanza yakurikirwaho kwishyura igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza4. 4 RSOCAA 00007/2018/CA Murekatete Jovia (wajuriye) na Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba rwaciwe kuwa 03/05/2019 n’Urukikorw’Ubujurire: [50] Urukiko rurasanga kandi nkuko byagarutswehomu rubanza British Columbia (Minister of Forests) yaburanye na Okanagan Indian Band rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Canada narwo rwibutsaga urubanza Harold yaburanye na Smith,[10] amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza agamije gusubiza uwatsinze urubanza ibyo yarutakajeho, ntabwo rero ari igihano gihabwa utegetswe kuyatanga, si n’ishimwe rihabwa uyagenewe, inkiko z’ahandi nk’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa LetaZu ze Ubumwe za Amerika zikaba zivuga ko iyo ikirego kitatanzwe hagamijwe gusiragiza undi muburanyi mu nkiko kubw’amaherere, ahubwo kigatangwa n’umuburanyi ushaka kwerekana ko yarenganyijwe, Urukiko, mu bushishozi bwarwo kandi rushingiye ku mpamvu zidasanzwe, rushobora kuvaniraho urega inshingano yo kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza.[11] [51] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo hari ibyo Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba yatakaje kugirango uru rubanza ruburanwe kandi ikaba irutsinze, ku buryoyari ikwiriye amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza, ikigaragarira uru Rukiko ni uko, Murekatete Jovia atajuriye agamije gusiragiza Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba mu Nkiko, ahubwo yashakaga kumvikanisha uburenganzira bwe yibwiraga ko butubahirijwe, bikaba bigaragara ko arwaye indwara y’ubuhumyi kuva ku wa 23/08/2009, iyo ndwara ikaba yaramuteye ubumuga ku kigero cya 46% kandi butagifite igaruriro, imufata akiri umukobwa w’imyaka 25,[12]12 bituma ahagarika akazi kari kamutunze guhera icyo gihe, ku buryo agomba kubeshwaho n’umuryango we n’abagiraneza, ndetse no kugirango abone ba Avoka bamuburanira uru rubanza akaba yaragombye kwiyambaza abagiraneza ba Rwanda Nurses and Midwives Union, hejuru y’ibyo akaba atasabwa kwishyurira uwari umukoresha we (Diyosezi Gatorika ya Byumba) igihembocya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza.

## Page 9

[23] Uru Rukiko rusanga n’ubwo ubujurire bwa Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd bufite ishingiro, ntabwo byaba impamvu yo guca Mushimiyimana Marthe amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza kuko Mushimiyimana Marthe yareze yumva ko akurukiranye uburenganzira bwe bwo kwishyurwa indishyi zikomoka ku mapanuka yakomerekeyemo, akaba atarajyanye Britam mu manza agamije kuyiteza igihombo cyangwa kuyitesha umwanya ahubwo yari agamije kureba niba hari uburenganzira bwe buhari, bityo rero kuba atsinzwe akaba uru Rukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rusanga nta mafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza akwiye gutanga. Kumenya niba Mushimiyimana Marthe akwiye guhabwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka, ay’ikurikiranarubanza n’ ingwate y’ amagarama yatanze. [24] Mushimiyimana Marthe avuga ko Avoka yakomeje gukurikirana dosiye mu bujurire harimo hutanga ubujurire, gukora integurarubanza no kuburana mu mizi, akaba asaba igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire cya 500,000Frw. [25] Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ivuga ko isanga aya mafaranga adakwiye gutangwa kuko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Mushimiyimana Marthe nta shingiro gifite. Uko Urukiko rubibona [26] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko:” Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [27] Uru Rukiko rusanga Mushimiyimana Marthe atahabwa aya mafaranga asaba kuko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mushimiyimana Marthe nta shingiro bufite. [29] Rutegetse Britam Insurance Company Rwanda Ltd ko atariyo igomba kuryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yakomerekeyemo Mushimiyimana Marthe. [30] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RC 00956/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuwa 21/01/2022 igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose.