UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUTABAZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUTABAZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-19 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00941/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v MUTABAZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00941/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 19 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibihano – Igabanya gihano - Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uregwa wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuho ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ariko rukaba rudategetswe guhita rutanga igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mutabazi wakoraga aka k’ubushumba mu rugo yaje gukekwaho gusambanya umwana wo muri urwo rugo w’imyaka 16 biturutse ku makuru yatanzwe n’abandi bakozi bakorga muri urwo rugo, umwana abajijwe avuga ko amaze ku musambanya inshuro ebyiri. Ukekwa yarafashwe, mu bugenzacyaha no mu bushinjacyaha yemera icyaha, ariko ageze mu rukiko aragihaka. Urukiko Rwisumbiuye rwa Ngoma rwasanze ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yemera icyaha noneho, bityo agasaba ko yagabanyrizwa igihano. Nubwo iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire itari ifite ishingiro, urukiko rwasanze akwiye kugabanyirizwa hashingiwe ko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’ubutabera kandi akaba akiri muto, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 16. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. Asobanura ko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha kandi akagisabira imbabazi bityo kaba yahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igeteganywa n’itegeko. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano harebwe ikigero cy’umwana yasambanyije kandi ko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano hagendewe ku itegeko kuko yahawe igihano hafi ya gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uregwa wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuho ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ariko rukaba rudategetswe guhita rutanga igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe, ingingo ya 2, 133 Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00037/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyonizera Antoine rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/01/2025; RPAA 00752/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/02/2024; RPAA 00153/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayisenga Jean Pierre, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/08/2025; RPAA 00048/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] URAYENEZA Jean de Dieu yareze Mutabazi Djamali wakoraga akazi ko kuragira inka, kuba ku wa 26/01/2021 no ku wa 30/01/2021 yarasambanyije umwana we w’umukobwa witwa U.A.1 w’imyaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, akavuga ko byamenyekanye ku wa 30/01/2021 mu masaha y’umugoroba bivuzwe n’umukozi wabo wo mu rugo witwa ZIRAMUHARAYE Jean Paul, wavuze ko uwitwa NTWARI Kapiteni Japhet yamubwiye ko yabonye Mutabazi Djamali asambanyiriza uwo mwana mu nzu itaruzura, babajije umwana avuga ko amaze kumusambanya inshuro 3, ko yamusambanyirije ku buriri no muri iyo nzu itaruzura, Mutabazi Djamali atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mutabazi Djamali icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba yaremeye icyaha, imvugo za U.A., iza se, iz’abatangabuhamya hamwe na raporo ya muganga, bumusabira guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Mutabazi Djamali abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye ko yasambanyije U.A., ariko mu Rukiko aburana ahakana icyaha, avuga ko yakoraga akazi ko kuragira inka iwabo w’uwo mwana, amaze gukora amezi ane (4) abishyuje bamugerekaho icyo cyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari umwana. [4] Mu rubanza N° RP 00222/2021/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 23/03/2021, Urukiko rwemeje ko Mutabazi Djamali ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, rushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo kuba mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yaracyemeye, bigashimangirwa n’imvugo y’uwo mwana wamushinje kumusambanya, imvugo za se w’uwo mwana n’iz’abatangabuhamya hamwe na raporo ya muganga. Rwasanze ibyo Mutabazi Djamali aburanisha ko yahimbiwe icyaha kubera kwishyuza amafaranga yari amaze gukorera nta shingiro bifite kuko ntacyo bishingiyeho, ko ariko akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’ubutabera kandi akaba akiri muto, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25). [5] Mutabazi Djamali yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano.

1 Amazina arahinwe kubera kamere y’icyaha n’imyaka y’uwahohotewe.

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[6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yasubije ko ubujurire bwa Mutabazi Djamali nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaza inenge iri mu rubanza yajuririye, bityo ko imikirize yarwo yagumaho. [7] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00650/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 30/08/2024, Urukiko rwasanze kuba Mutabazi Djamali yarahakanye icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere akajurira agamije kwemera icyaha bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, kuko atari inenge ku rubanza yajuririye mu gihe yaburanye ahakana icyaha2, ko ahubwo yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi no ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange3, ariko hakanitabwa ko yaburanye ahakana icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [8] Mutabazi Djamali yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00941/2024/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 04/09/2025 Mutabazi Djamali yunganiwe na Me Catherine A. Sebazungu naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na UWANZIGA Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mutabazi Djamali n’umwunganira basaba ko yakongera akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe kiremereye. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyo yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Mutabazi Djamali yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Mutabazi Djamali yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa [12] Mutabazi Djamali asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano yahawe kuko kiremereye, kandi akaba yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, anavuga ko yagikoze abitewe n’inzoga, ko rero yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12 cyangwa 13 hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza NºRS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019, kuko muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rukaba rwemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha uregwa ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganya. Me Catherine A. Sebazungu umwunganira we avuga ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutabazi Djamali atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano harebwe ikigero cy’umwana yasambanyije n’igihano yahawe, kuko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko iyo Umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora

2 Rwabishingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw‘Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUNYEMANA Eric alias Nyinya.

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kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), kandi ko iyo ngingo idategeka Umucamanza ko byanze bikunze atanga igihano gito Itegeko riteganya. [14] Ku bijyanye n’urubanza Mutabazi Djamali asaba ko rwashingirwaho agahabwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito amategeko ateganya, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko rutashingirwaho kuko ibijyanye no kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko byavanyweho n’Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryagaragajwe haruguru, kuko ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano, bityo Umucamanza mu gutanga ibihano akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igihano gito iryo Tegeko riteganya. Avuga ko n’ibisabwa n’umwunganira ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) bitahabwa agaciro, kuko igihano yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze cyo gusambanya umwana ufite imyaka itandatu y’amavuko (6), ko ahubwo hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Mutabazi Djamali yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. [16] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuho Mutabazi Djamali yahamijwe, Itegeko rigihanisha igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe. [17] Naho ku birebana n’uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa, mu rubanza NºRPAA 00037/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Niyonizera Antoine, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryagaragajwe haruguru, rwemeje ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)4. [18] Na none mu rubanza N° RPAA 00752/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayambaje Eugène, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa mu gihe hari impurirane y’amategeko ahana, hasesengurwa ingingo ya 6 n’iya 60 z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rusobanura ko ihame mu mategeko ari uko mu manza nshinjabyaha Urukiko rukurikiza itegeko ryorohereza uregwa, ariko ko ku birebana n’igabanya ry’igihano kubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rudahita rutanga igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ahubwo rugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, rugatanga igihano gikwiranye n’icyaha cyakozwe. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza nyinshi

3 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15)”. 4 Ibyo byemejwe kandi mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00789/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 14/04/2025 haburana Ubushibjacyaha na DUSABIMANA Fabien n’izindi nyinshi.

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zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko harimo n’urubanza Nº RPAA 00153/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/08/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayisenga Jean Pierre. [19] Harebwe ibyemejwe mu manza zavuzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, byumvikana ko mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uregwa wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’ine (14) y’amavuho ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, igihano ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ariko rukaba rudategetswe guhita rutanga igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. [20] Nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, Mutabazi Djamali yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rumugabanyiriza igihano kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha ariko hakanitabwa ko yaraburanye ahakana icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [21] Hashingiwe ku manza zibukijwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko ari ubwa mbere Mutabazi Djamali akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi, bitavuze ko Urukiko rutegetswe guhita rumugenera igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko, ahubwo igihano cyagenwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ingaruka zacyo, bityo herebwe ko yasambanyije umwana w’imyaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko mu gihe we yari afite imyaka mirongo itatu (30) y’amavuko, adakwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. [22] Ku bijyanye n’urubanza NºRS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/CS Mutabazi Djamali asaba ko rwashingirwaho agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 12 cyangwa 13, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rutashingirwaho kuko umurongo warutanzwemo wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru yahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kandi umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [23] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mutabazi Djamali nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mutabazi Djamali nta shingiro bufite; [25] Rwemeje ko urubanza N° RPA 00650/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/08/2024 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [26] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) Mutabazi Djamali yahawe ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kigumyeho.