UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTABAZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTABAZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 01333/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTABAZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’ UBUJURIRE – RPAA 01333/2024/CA (Rutazana P.J.,) 17 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Kugabanyirizwa igihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mutabazi Jean Damascène yafatanywe udupfunyika 31 tw’ urumogi yari yahishe mu buriri araramo, ahita atangira gukurikiranwa. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000frw. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha, asaba imbabazi, asaba no kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rushingiye ku kuba uregwa yemera icyaha, kuba hari inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’ urumogi rungana n’ udupfunyika mirongo 31 yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ariwe wafarutanywe, no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’ icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 Frw. Mutabazi Jean Damascène yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa avuga ko atazongera kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko nawe asanga hashingiwe ku mbibi ziteganywa n’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa kikagezwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe n’icyaha yakoze, gikwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yaracyemeye akanagisabira imbabazi mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Mutabazi Jean Damascène yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, yabanje gusaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yamaze kugororoka; ariko mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’ urubanza avuga ko icyo asaba kuri uru rwego ari ukugabanyirizwa igihano.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Mutabazi Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. Uru Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Mutabazi yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire; ku wa 7/3/2014; Urubanza RPAA 00572/2022/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/2/2024; Urubanza RPAA 00579/2022/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/2/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/12/2020 mu Mudugudu wa Gishyeshye, Akagari ka Gishyeshye, Umurenge wa Rukoma m Karere ka Kamonyi, Mutabazi Jean Damascène yafatanywe udupfunyika 31 tw’ urumogi yari yahishe mu buriri araramo, ahita atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000FRW. Mutabazi Jean Damascène yaburanye yemera icyaha ashinjwa asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa, kuko yaguye mu cyaha abitewe n’uko yari arwaje umugore. [3] Mu rubanza RP 01275/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kuwa 30/12/2020, rushingiye ku kuba Mutabazi Jean Damascène yemera icyaha, kuba hari inyandikomvugo y’ifatira ry’ urumogi rungana n’ udupfunyika mirongo 31 yashyizeho umukono

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yemeza ko ariwe wafarutanywe, no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’ icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 21.000.000 FRW. [4] Mutabazi Jean Damascène yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa kuko atazongera kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge. [5] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko nawe asanga hashingiwe ku mbibi ziteganywa n’Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe gikwiriye kugabanywa kikagezwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00085/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 21/11/2024, rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe n’icyaha yakoze, gikwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha no kuba yaracyemeye akanagisabira imbabazi mu iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere; maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW, rushingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko isubikagihano asaba akaba adakwiriye kurihabwa kuko igihano ahanishijwe kirengeje igifungo cy’ imyaka 5. [7] Mutabazi Jean Damascène yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 01333/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame kuwa 08/07/2025 yunganiwe na Me Sebazungu Cathérine, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grāce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu bujurire bwe Mutabazi Jean Damascène yabanje gusaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatanwa urumogi, kandi akagabanyirizwa igihano kuko yamaze kugororoka; ariko mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’ urubanza avuga ko icyo asaba kuri uru rwego ari ukugabanyirizwa igihano. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Mutabazi Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [10] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma niba igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’ IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kongera kugabanywa [11] Mutabazi Jean Damascène avuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gukomeza gutakambira Urukiko asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi urumogi yafatanywe rukaba rwarafatiriwe ntawe rurangiza no kuba yaramaze kugororoka kuko yize imyuga izamufasha kwiyubaka no kubaka

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umuryango we ndetse n’igihugu. Me Sebazungu Cathérine umwunganira avuga ko ibyo Mutabazi Jean Damascène asaba Urukiko rwabisuzuma mu bushishozi bwarwo we asanga igihano yahanishijwe gikurikije ibiteganywa n’amategeko. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Mutabazi Jean Damascène yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka (a) n’aka (d) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku murongo uhuriweho n’imanza11 zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga n’urw’Ubujurire, w’uko uregwa atongera kugabanyirizwa igihano iyo mu bujurire Urukiko rusanga yaragabanyirijwe bihagije harebwe uburemere bw’icyaha n’uburyo cyakozwemo.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi yahamijwe, gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [14] Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye2 ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000Frw ariko itarenze 30.000.000Frw. [15] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“… (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”. [16] Ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 n’iya 2, mu duce twa (a) na (d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 zimaze kuvugwa haruguru birebewe hamwe, byumvikanisha ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano

1 Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko uwo murongo watanzwe n’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPA 0129/10/CS rwaciwe ku wa 7/3/2014 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana unakomeza gukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nk’urubanza RPAA 00572/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/2/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Théophile (igika cya 16) n’urubanza RPAA 00579/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/2/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habumugisha Alphonse (igika cya 14).

2 Hashingiwe ku Mugereka wa mbere w’Itekarya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, urumogi ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibyobyabwenge bihambaye.

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cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi rushingiye kuri iyo ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye ku bantu bahamwe n’ibyaha birimo gucuruza, kubika no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi biteganywa kandi bigahanwa n’ingingo ya 263, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu3, rwemeje ko abaregwa badashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw)4. Muri zimwe mu manza ziherutse gucibwa hashingiwe kuri uwo murongo harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00436/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bikorimana Jean Baptise (igika cya 15) n’urubanza RPAA 00295/2024/CA rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Iradukunda Diane (igika cya 15). [18] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza rujuririrwa (mu gika cya 12), Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe n’uburemere bw’ icyaha yakoze, gikwiriye kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru (igika cya 16), igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba rero kidashobora kongera kugabanywa. [20] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Mutabazi Jean Damascène yagaragaje ryakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mutabazi Jean Damascène nta shingiro bufite.

3Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: (1o) igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”.

4 Reba urubanza RPAA 00097/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Sibomana Athanase, igika cya 17, urubanza RPAA 00099/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/12/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Manizabayo Gilbert Alias Nkurunziza Jean Pierre, igika cya 19 n’izindi.

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[22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00085/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 21/11/2024 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [23] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Mutabazi Jean Damascène yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [24] Rutegetse ko Mutabazi Jean Damascène asonewe amagarama kuko aburana afunze.