UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGANDA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGANDA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00074/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGANDA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00074/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe nyuma y’igihe cyo kujurira – Ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe igihe cy’iminsi 30 iteganywa n’itegeko cyararangiye ntiyakirwa iyo bigaragara ko ituzuza cyangwa ngo isobanure ubujurire bwatanzwe n’uregwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo abaregwa bajuriye bavuga ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire. Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mutaganda yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yaho afatanywe udupfunyika 17, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi busaba kukimuhamya agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Mutaganda yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano, rusanga ariko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi, rubishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw). Mutaganda yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano ndetse atanga undi mwanzuro w’inyongera asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa, maze agakurikiranwaho ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge akaba aricyo ahanirwa. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Mutaganda atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’Itegeko. Naho ku mpamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe n’umwunganizi we, avuga ko zitasuzumwa, kuko zatanzwe hatubahirijwe ibihe by’ubujurire kandi zikaba zitaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe igihe cy’iminsi 30 iteganywa n’itegeko cyararangiye, iyo bigaragara ko ituzuza cyangwa ngo isobanure ubujurire bwatanzwe n’uregwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, ntiyakirwa.

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2. Iyo abaregwa bajuriye bavuga ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange; ariko mu bujurire Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ntiruhindutse. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS; Mbuto Aimable vs BRD rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018. RPAA 00208/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Kabanda Sadi rwaciwe ku wa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024. RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00386/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsengamungu Philippe rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. Urubanza

I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 11/07/2019, Mutaganda Théogène yafatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules). Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba kukimuhamya agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Mutaganda Théogène yaburanye yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi, akavuga ko rutari urwo gucuruza, ko rwari urwo guha inka ye yari irwaye. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00468/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, rushingiye ku kuba Mutaganda Théogène yarafatanwe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules) tw’urumogi no kuba hari abatangabuhamya bemeza ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi ndetse ko yafashwe nyuma y’amakuru yatanzwe babonye avuye kururangura; rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [3] Mutaganda Théogène yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko kuba

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Mutaganda Théogène yemeye icyaha mu bujurire ntacyo byamumarira, bityo ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudakwiye guhinduka. [4] Mu rubanza RPA 00659/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 10/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ukwemera icyaha kwa Mutaganda Théogène bwa mbere mu bujurire bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa ibihano, rusanga ariko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi, rubishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw). [5] Mutaganda Théogène yajuririye na none Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00074/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/12/2024, Mutaganda Théogène yunganiwe na Me Nyamurangwa Sylvain, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [6] Mutaganda Théogène yajuriye asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano, naho mu mwanzuro w’inyongera no mu miburanire we n’umwunganira basaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahindurwa, maze agakurikiranwaho ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge akaba aricyo ahanirwa. [7] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutaganda Théogène atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarengwa giteganywa n’Itegeko. Naho ku mpamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe n’umwunganizi we, avuga ko zitasuzumwa, kuko zatanzwe hatubahirijwe ibihe by’ubujurire kandi zikaba zitaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [8] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza hagiye gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira : a. Kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yerekeye guhindura inyito y’icyaha yatanzwe n’uwunganira Mutaganda Théogène ikwiye kwakirwa ; b. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Mutaganda Théogène aregwa yahinduka c. Kumenya niba Mutaganda Théogène yagabanyirizwa igihano.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

a. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yerekeye guhindura inyito y’icyaha yatanzwe n’uwunganira Mutaganda Théogène ikwiye kwakirwa [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ikibazo cy’inyito y’icyaha cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi mu rubanza RP 00468/2019/TGI/GIC, rwemeza ko ibikorwa Mutaganda Théogène yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, iyo ngingo Mutaganda ntiyayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, ahubwo ajurira yemera icyo cyaha gishingiye ku nyito Urukiko rwemeje, anasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, bisobanuye ko icyaha yemeye ari icyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge. Muyandi magambo ntacyo yanenze kuri iyo nyito. Mu bujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, Mutaganda Théogène yajuriye asaba gusa kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemera icyaha yahamijwe n’inkiko zibanza, bivuze ko ntacyo anenga urubanza ajuririra.

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[10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko ikibazo cyo guhindura inyito y’icyaha cyatanzwe na Me Nyamurangwa Slyvain mu mwanzuro w’inyongera waje impitagihe, bityo kikaba kidakwiye kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. Avuga kandi ko uretse no kuba cyaraje impitagihe, kitanaburanyweho mu bujurire bwa mbere kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe rufite gusa inshingano zo gukosora amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, iyo nayo ikaba ari impamvu yatuma kidasuzumwa. [11] Me Nyamurangwa Sylvain avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire isaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yuzuza iyatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, kuko Mutaganda Théogène yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano agahabwa igikwiranye n’icyaha yakoze, ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe n’uwo yunganira ariyo yahuje n’amategeko kuko uwo yunganira adasobanukiwe iby’amategeko, ko yarebye ibikorwa uwo yunganira yemeye byo kuba yarafatanywe urumogi yari agiye kurucuruza ariko agafatwa atari yarucuruza, asanga bidahura n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge ahubwo bigize ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Uko Urukiko rubibona [12] Impaka kuri iyi mpamvu y’ubujurire isaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha zishingiye ku kumenya niba yakwakirwa igasuzumwa, kandi yaratanzwe mu myanzuro y’inyongera yatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ndetse itaranaburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa. [13] Mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, harimo urubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018, haburana Mbuto Aimable na BRD (igika cya 22) n’urubanza RPAA 00208/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Kabanda Sadi (igika cya 15), hemejwe ko mu bigomba kuba biri mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo impamvu z’ubujurire, ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire usibye izuzuza cyangwa izisobanura neza izatanzwe mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, zitagomba kwakirwa. [14] Dosiye y’uru rubanza igaragaza ko ku wa 06/02/2024, Mutaganda Théogène, abinyujije ku buyobozi bw’igororero rya Gicumbi, yajuriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ajuririra urubanza N° RPA 00659/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/01/2024, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kubera ko urumogi yafatanywe rwafatiriwe atari yagira uwo aruha ngo arukoreshe, umwunganira atanga umwanzuro w’inyongera ku wa 10/09/2024 asaba ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka, aho guhanirwa gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, agahanirwa ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Mutaganda Théogène nawe mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 10/12/2024 avuga ko aricyo cyaha yemera kuko urumogi yafatanywe yari burugurishe afatwa atararugurisha. [15] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo y’ubujurire yatanzwe n’uwunganira Mutaganda Théogène mu myanzuro y’inyongera, yaratanzwe igihe cy’iminsi 30 iteganywa n’itegeko cyararangiye kuko yatanzwe hashize amezi agera ku 8 urubanza ruciwe, ikaba rero itagomba kwakirwa ngo isuzumwe, kuko yatanzwe ikererewe, kandi bigaragara ko ituzuza cyangwa ngo isobanure ubujurire bwatanzwe n’uregwa mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko.

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[16] Urukiko rurasanga ariko, nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00653/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/03/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mvuyekure Jean Bosco, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 491 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mbere yo gutanga igihano, Urukiko rugomba kubanza kugenzura ibikorwa bigize icyaha, imikorere yacyo n’inyito yacyo, ko kubijyanye no guhindura inyito y’icyaha, n’iyo umuburanyi atabisabye, Urukiko rubyibwirije rugomba kugira icyo rubivugaho iyo rwasabwe guhindura igihano cyatanzwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kuko igihe cyose ruba rufite inshingano yo guhuza ibikorwa bigize icyaha, uko byakozwe n’igihano. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, mu bujurire bwe Mutaganda Théogène, asaba ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) yahawe byahinduka, akaba ariyo mpamvu, uru Rukiko, rubyibwirije, rugomba gusuzuma niba ibikorwa bigize icyaha akurikiranyweho n’uko byakozwe, bihura n’inyito y’icyaha yahamijwe ndetse n’ibihano yahawe n’Urukiko rwabanje.

b. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Mutaganda Théogène aregwa yahinduka [18] Mutaganda Théogène avuga ko aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yemeye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, nyamara atarigeze abitunda, ko yacyemeye kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano. Asobanura ko udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules) tw’urumogi yafatanywe yari burugurishe ariko afatwa nta muntu yari yaruha. Akomeza avuga ko ubuhamya bwa Ndacyayisenga umushinja butashingirwaho kuko bafitanye amakimbirane akomoka mu kazi bakoranaga ku Murenge ko gucunga icyuma. [19] Me Nyamurangwa Sylvain avuga ko urumogi Mutaganda Théogène yafatanywe yari avuye kurugura agamije kurucuruza, afatwa atari yarucuruza, bityo ko ibyo bikorwa bigize ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge aho kuba icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Akomeza avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya uwo yunganira icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bishidikanywaho kuko nka raporo y’inzego z’ibanze ivuga ko bari basanzwe bafite amakuru y’uko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, nyamara nta yandi makuru agaragazwa yamutanzweho mbere y’igihe yafatiwe yemeza ko yari asanzwe acuruza urumogi ngo habe hari indi raporo yaba yarakozwe mbere, ko naho imvugo z’abatangabuhamya usanga ibyo bagaragaza nk’aho bavuga ingano y’urumogi Mutaganda yaranguraga n’aho yaruranguraga, batari gupfa kubimenya batarigeze bakorana nawe muri ako kazi ko gucuruza urumogi, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko imvugo zabo zishidikanywaho zikaba zitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko Mutaganda Théogène acuruza urumogi. Kubera izo mpamvu, inyito y’icyaha ikaba ikwiye guhinduka hakemezwa ko ahamwa n’ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge kuko adahakana ko yafatanywe urumogi agiye kurugurisha ariko afatwa atararugurisha, ibyo bikagira n’ingaruka ku gihano kuko ubwinjiracyaha budahanwa kimwe n’icyaha cyatsotsobwe. [20] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutaganda Théogène n’umwunganira nabo badahakana ko yafatanywe urumogi afite umugambi wo kurucuruza, ibyo byahuzwa n’ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye bikagaragaza ko yari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge, bityo ko nta mpamvu yo guhindura inyito y’icyaha. Uko Urukiko rubibona

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[21] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibikorwa Mutaganda Théogène yakoze bigize icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa niba bigize ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwe. [22] Ku birebana n’ubwinjiracyaha, ingingo ya 21, igika cya mbere y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ivuga ko “Ubwinjiracyaha buhanirwa iyo umugambi wo gukora icyaha wagaragajwe n’igikorwa kimwe cyangwa byinshi biboneka, bidashidikanywa by’intangiriro y’icyaha biganisha ku ikorwa ryacyo, nyuma bigahagarikwa, bikabuzwa kugera ku cyifuzo cyangwa bikazitirwa n’impamvu zidakomoka ku bushake bwa nyir’ugukora icyaha”. [23] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gucuruza no gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ryahinduye Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa : 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye (…)”. [24] Naho ibijyanye n’ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ivuga ko “Ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa”. [25] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Mutaganda Théogène yarezwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, hashingiwe ku kuba nyuma yo guhabwa amakuru ko acuruza urumogi, ku itariki ya 11/07/2019 yafatanywe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules) tw’urumogi1. Igaragaza kandi ko inkiko zibanza zamuhamije icyaha cyo gutunda no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo bwoko bw’urumogi hashingiwe ku bimenyetso birimo : kuba yarafatanwe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules) tw’urumogi ; kuba ashinjwa n’abatangabuhamya Ndacyayisenga Emmanuel, Sibomana Laurent, Bamporineza Bonaventure na Habimana Jean Marie Vianney bemeza ko asanzwe acuruza urumogi, ko amaze imyaka ine arucuruza ndetse ko yafashwe nyuma y’amakuru yatanzwe babonye avuye kururangura. [26] Mu buhamya bwa Ndacyayisenga Emmanuel, asobanura ko ku itariki 11/07/2019 Mutaganda Théogène yafatanywe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17 boules) tw’urumogi kandi ko asanzwe arucuruza, ko hashize imyaka 2 amenye ko uwo mugabo acuruza urumogi aruvanye kuri centre yo ku Kirenge akarugurisha abantu barunywa bo mu gace batuyemo2. Umutangabuhamya Sibomana Laurent, uyu akaba ari mu bantu bafashe Sibomana Théogène, yemeza ko mu gace

1 Reba inyandiko ikubiyemo ikirego (acte d’accusation/indictement) yo kozwe n’Ubushinjacyaha ku wa 27/08/2019.

2 Reba inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya NDACYAYISENGA Emmanuel mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 11/07/2019.

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batuyemo hagaragaye ibikorwa by’urugomo, hatangwa amakuru ko abantu bakora urugomo ari ababa banyoye urumogi bakuye kwa Mutaganda, hapangwa operation yo kujya kumufata, mu gitondo cyo ku wa 11/07/2029 hamenyekana amakuru ko yagiye kurangura urumogi muri centre ya Kirenge, agarutse afatirwa muri centre ya Paris afatanwa udunyika cumi na turindwi (17) tw’urumogi arirwo asigaranye urundi yamaze kurugurisha3. [27] Mu buhamya bwa Bamporineza Bonaventure avuga ko Mutaganda Théogène amaze imyaka 4 acuruza urumogi, ko ku itariki ya 11/07/2019, yafatanywe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17) tw’urumogi4. Umutangabuhamya Habimana Jean Marie Vianney yemeza ko bahawe amakuru ko Mutaganda Théogène acuruza urumogi bayahawe n’umuntu bakoranaga akazi k’uburinzi mu Murenge wa Rusiga, ku itariki ya 11/07/2019 bamufatira muri centre yitwa Paris afite udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17) tw’urumogi5. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 108 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, rusanga ubuhamya bwa Ndacyayisenga Emmanuel, Sibomana Laurent, Bamporineza Bonaventure na Habimana Jean Marie Vianney bumaze kuvugwa mu bika bibiri bibanziriza iki, buhagije ngo hemezwe ko ibikorwa Mutaganda Théogène yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge giteganywa kandi kigahishwa ingingo ya 11 igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ryahinduye Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho kuba ubwinjiracyaha bwo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nk’uko we n’umwunganira bashaka kubyumvikanisha kuko n’ubwo yafatanywe udupfunyika cumi na turindwi (17) tw’urumogi yari ataragurisha, ariko bitari ku nshuro ya mbere yari agiye kurugurisha ahubwo yari asanzwe arucuruza nk’uko byemezwa n’abatangabuhamya bamaze kuvugwa, byumvikanisha ko icyo gihe yafashwe ategereje abaguzi ngo agurishe urwo yari afite nkuko yari asanzwe abigenza. Kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko6, umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge n’uko hari abaguzi babonetse aho acuririza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi w’ibiyobyabwenge. Muyandi magambo, icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge Mutaganda yaragitsotsobye kuko yari yiteguye kugurisha urumogi yafatanywe, kandi akaba ataribwo bwa mbere yari agiye kurugurisha. [29] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Me Nyamuragwa Sylvain y’uko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitagombaga gushingirwaho kuko ibyo bavuga nta wapfa kubimenya adafatanyije n’uwo yunganira mu bucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge aregwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 537 y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, rurasanga nta shingiro

3 Reba inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya SIBOMANA Laurent mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 11/07/2019.

4 Reba inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya BAMPORINEZA Bonaventure bu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 13/07/2019.

5 Reba inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya HABIMANA Jean Marie Vianney mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 13/07/2019.

6 Harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2022 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na AHIMPEREYE NDEZE François n’urubanza N° RPAA 00499/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/1/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na NSHUTI Jackson alias Gentil. 7 Ivuga ko “Urwego rufite ububasha rusuzuma ukwemerwa cyangwa ukutemerwa n’agaciro by’ikimenyetso gishingiye ku buhamya. Ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ahubwo rwita cyane ku bumenyi bw’ibyabaye no ku budakemwa bw’ubuhamya batanga”.

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ifite kuko harebwe uburyo abatangabuhamya bavuzwe haruguru bavuga ibintu uko byagenze nk’uko ubuhamya bwabo bwagaragajwe mu gika cya 26 na 27 by’uru rubanza, usanga ubuhamya bwabo byuzuzanya kandi bigaragara ko bavuga ibyo bazi ntacyo bihimbira, nta cyatuma rero ubuhamya bwabo buteshwa agaciro. [30] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire na none ya Me Nyamurangwa Sylvain y’uko raporo y’inzego z’ibanze itagombaga gushingirwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nayo nta shingiro ifite kuko iyo raporo itigeze ishingirwaho mugufata icyemezo. [31] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Mutaganda Théogène y’uko umutangabuhamya Ndacyayisenga Emmanuel bafitanye amakimbirane, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta shingiro yahabwa kuko uretse kuba abivuga mu magambo gusa nta kimenyetso cy’ayo makimbirane agaragaza, kandi n’iyo yaba ahari koko, ibyo ubwabyo ntibyatuma ubuhamya bwe budashingirwaho kuko nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA0117/07/CS8 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na CPL Ngabonziza hamwe na SGT Biziyaremye Jean Baptiste n’urubanza RPAA 00359/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/10/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Biziyaremye Vedaste; n’ubwo abatangabuhamya babajijwe baba bafite icyo bapfa n’abaregwa, ibyo bitafatwa nk’umuziro kuri bo utuma batabazwa. [32] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, ingingo y’ubujurire isaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha yatanzwe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera na Me Nyamurangwa Sylvain, ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko nk’uko n’inkiko zibanza zabibonye, ibikorwa Mutaganda Théogène yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. c. Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Mutaganda Théogène yagabanyirizwa igihano [33] Mutaganda Théogène asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje, kubera ko urumogi yafatanywe rwafatiriwe atari yagira uwo aruha ngo arukoreshe. [34] Ku birebana n’amategeko yashingirwaho, asaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 499 n’iya 5910, igika 4 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 2, (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange11, rukamugabanyiriza igihano yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru.

8 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, igitabo cya kabiri, 2011, n° 9, p. 57-62

9 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”

10 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 4º icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje”

11 Ivuga ko “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”.

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[35] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutaganda Théogène atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe kugeza ku gihano gito ntarenga giteganywa n’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, akaba ntacyo anenga ubusobanuro bwatanzwe mu kumugabanyiriza igihano bugaragara mu gika cya 17 na 18 by’urubanza rujuririrwa. Uko Urukiko rubibona [36] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazaba ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) Mutaganda Théogène yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, gikwiye kugabanywa. [37] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [38] Naho mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje iyo abaregwa bajuriye bavuga ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza RPAA 00386/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsengamungu Philippe. [39] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Mutaganda Théogène igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [40] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje, ku rwego rwa mbere Mutaganda Théogène yaburanye ahakana icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, akavuga ko urumogi yafatanywe rwari urwo guha inka ye yari irwaye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (21.000.000 Frw). Mu Rukiko Rukuru Mutaganda Théogène yajuriye yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rusanga ukwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire ntacyo kwamurira, ariko rumugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000 Frw).

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[41] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ibihano Mutaganda Théogène yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru ari byo bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [42] Ibijyanye n’imiburanire ya Mutaganda Théogène y’uko hakwiye gushingirwa ku ngingo ya 2, agace (b) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, maze akagabanyirizwa ibihano, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rusanga nta shingiro ifite kuko ako gace ka (b) gateganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igihano cy’igifungo kimara igihe kwizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; nyamara icyaha Mutaganda Théogène yakoze kikaba gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW), kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 37 cy’uru rubanza, iyo hagaragaye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ihazabu nayo ikagabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

[43] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mutaganda Théogène nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [44] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mutaganda Théogène nta shingiro bufite ; [45] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00659/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 10/01/2024, rudahindutse ; [46] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Mutaganda Théogène yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.