UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGATIFU

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGATIFU

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00368/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTAGATIFU [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00368/2025/CA (Mukamurenzi, P.J.) 18 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kwemera icyaha – Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire – Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire ntibigirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza, kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano – Uregwa ntakwiye kwemererwa kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mutagatifu yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afatanywe ibro bitanu (5) by’urumogi. Nyuma y’iperereza bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Mutagatifu ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba kurenganurwa avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi bamubeshyera, nta kimenyetso gishingiweho, ko mu rwego rw’iperereza yemeye icyaha kubera guhohoterwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, adashobora kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamywa icyaha. Rwemezeko ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw. Mutagatifu yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko noneho yemera icyaha, akagisabira imbabazi, kuko yamenye ububi bwacyo akaba atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, ko anatakambira Urukiko kugira ngo arebe ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha ku rundi ruhande buvuga ko kuba yemereye icyaha bwa mbere mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. Bubanura ko kuba kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitagirira uregwa akamaro, kubera ko aba azanye ingingo nshya itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00544/2023 rwaciwe ku wa 25/9/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muvunyi Claude alias Ntambara. Buvuga kandi ko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yuko ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha yashingiweho aganyirizwa igihano mu Rukiko Rukuru. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire ntibigirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza, kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko.

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2. Uregwa ntakwiye kwemererwa kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Nta mategeko yashingiweho Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 0249/13/CS; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nteziryayo Emmanuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/11/ 2016; RPAA 00048/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022; RPAA 01363/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ahishakiye Samuel rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/07/2025; RPAA 00220/2024/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Mukeshimana Védaste rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 24/11/2021, abashinzwe umutekano bakorera kuri Station ya Polisi ya Bushoki, bahawe amakuru ko imodoka ifite plaque RAD 135 X iturutse kuri Base, mu Karere ka Rulindo igana mu Mujyi wa Kigali irimo umuntu ufite urumogi, ibagezeho barayihagarika barayisaka, banasaka abari bayirimo, uwitwa Mutagatifu Boniface bamusangana agafuka karimo urumogi rungana n’ibiro bitanu (5kg), arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Mutagatifu Boniface mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana ahakana icyaha aregwa avuga ko Sibomana umushinja amubeshyera kubera ikibazo bari bafitanye. [3] Mu rubanza RP 01134/2021/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 18/02/2022, Urukiko rwemeje ko Mutagatifu Boniface ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rushingiye ku mvugo za Sibomana Augustin umushoferi w’imodoka yafatiwemo ndetse no kuba Mutagatifu Boniface yemera ko yari afite igikapu ariko agahakana ko urumogi rwari urwe, ariko atabasha kugaragaza nyirarwo cyangwa ngo agaragaze impamvu atanga avuga ko atari urwe, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [4] Mutagatifu Boniface yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, asaba kurenganurwa avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi bamubeshyera, nta kimenyetso gishingiweho, ko mu rwego rw’iperereza yemeye icyaha kubera guhohoterwa.

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Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko ibyo avuga ko yasagariwe atigeze abivuga abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00405/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mutagatifu Boniface nta shingiro bufite, kuko atashoboye kuvuguruza ibimenyetso bihamya ko yakoze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Sibomana Augustin wari utwaye imodoka yafatiwemo, Rusesekaza nawe wari muri iyo modoka, PC Emmanuel Ishimwe, Umupolisi wamufashe, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yasinyeho na raporo ya Police Station ya Bushoki, maze rwemeza ko igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe kigumaho. [6] Mutagatifu Boniface yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00368/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 06/11/2025, Mutagatifu Boniface yitabye yunganirwa na Me Ruberwa Ngarukiye Silas naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Mutagatifu Boniface n’umwunganira bavuga ko impamvu yajuriye ari ukwemera icyaha no gusaba imbabazi kuko yamenye ububi bw’icyaha yakoze, akaba atazongera kwishora mu biyobyabwenge, ko anatakambira Urukiko kugira ngo arebe ko yagabanyirizwa igihano. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba Mutagatifu Boniface yemera icyaha bwa mbere mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire atari impamvu y’ubujurire, kuko atagaragaza inenga ziri mu rubanza ajuririra asaba ko zikosorwa n’uru Rukiko; bityo ukwemera icyaha akoze kuri uru rwego kutamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma agabanyirizwa igihano. [9] Mu rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano Mutagatifu Boniface yahanishijwe cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba yemeye icyaha bwa mbere kuri uru rwego. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Mutagatifu Boniface yahanishijwe cyagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba yemeye icyaha bwa mbere kuri uru rwego. [10] Mutagatifu Boniface n’umwunganira bavuga ko nubwo mu nkiko zibanza yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, kuri uru rwego aburana yemera icyaha cyo gufatwa atunze urumogi rungana n’ibiro bitanu (5 Kg) nk’uko yabirezwe, kandi ko abisabira imbabazi. Banasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuko icyo yahanishijwe ari kirekire cyane, ko mukumugabanyiriza igihano hanashingirwa ku ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 068/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere no mu Rukiko Rukuru Mutagatifu Boniface yaburanye ahakana icyaha, ko kuba acyemeye bwa mbere mu Rukiko

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rw’Ubujurire, bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatuma agabanyirizwa igihano yahawe. Asobanura ko kuba kwemera icyaha mu bujurire bitagirira uregwa akamaro, kubera ko aba azanye ingingo nshya itaraburanyweho mu rubanza rujuririrwa, byatanzweho umurongo n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RPAA 00544/2023 rwaciwe ku wa 25/9/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Muvunyi Claude alias Ntambara. [12] Yongeraho ko kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko, bitirengangijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingiweho bituma agabanyirizwa igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka ziri mu rubanza zishingiye ku kuba Mutagatifu Boniface asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw. [14] Ibyerekeye kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul 1 wakurikijwe no mu zindi manza ziheruka gucibwa zirimo urubanza RPAA 01363/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 16/07/2025 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ahishakiye Samuel2. Muri izo manza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko ntacyo aba anenga urubanza yajuririye ahubwo aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza, kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko. [15] Naho ikibazo cy’usaba kugabanyirizwa igihano mu bujurire kandi yaragabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije, cyatanzweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nko mu rubanza RPA 0249/13/CS rwaciwe ku wa 25/11/ 2016 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nteziryayo Emmanuel 3 . Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko uregwa adakwiye kwemererwa kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere cyagabanyijwe ku buryo buhagije, agahabwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. Uyu murongo warakurikijwe no mu manza ziheruka gucibwa n’uru Rukiko zirimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00220/2024/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukeshimana Védaste4. [16] Nk’uko dosiye ibigaragaza, Mutagatifu Boniface yafatiwe mu modoka itwara abagenzi yavaga kuri Base muri Rulindo ijya mu Mujyi wa Kigali afite igikapu kirimo agafuka karimo urumogi rungana n’ibiro 5. Abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yahakanye icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi avuga ko igikapu cyarimo urumogi atari icye. Aburana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi no mu Rukiko Rukuru yakomeje guhakana icyaha, ariko izo nkiko zimuhamya icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi zishingiye ku bimenyetso birimo imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Sibomana Augustin wari utwaye imodoka

1 Reba igika cya 24 cy’urwo rubanza 2 Reba igika cya 16 cy’urwo rubanza 3 Icyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’inkiko, V.2, Mata, 2018, p.120- 121. 4 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urwo rubanza.

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yafatiwemo, Rusesekaza wari muri iyo modoka, PC Emmanuel ISHIMWE umupolisi wamufashe no kuba hari inyandiko y’ifatira ry’urumogi. Icyakora Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igihano rukivana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw. [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga n’ubwo kuri uru rwego Mutagatifu Boniface yahisemo kuburana yemera icyaha agamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, ntacyo byamumarira kuko harebwe umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru, kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire nta kamaro bigirira ugukoze; bityo ibyo asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nk’uko yakirezwe bikaba nta shingiro bifite. [18] Ku byerekeye izindi manza zaciwe ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bisa n’icyo MUTAGATIFU Boniface yahamijwe, harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00083/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na sinkuriryayo Steven. Muri urwo rubanza, bigaragara ko Sinkuriryayo Steven yafatanywe udupfunyika tw’urumogi 3000, nawe yaburanye ahakana icyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibyiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurebye igihano Sinkuriryayo Steven yahanishijwe kandi nawe yari yafatanwe ingano y’urumogi iri mu rugero rumwe n’iyo Mutagatifu Boniface yafatanywe, rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ingana na 15.000.000 Frw cyahanishijwe Mutagatifu Boniface kubera gufatanwa ibiro bitanu (5 kg) by’urumogi kitagomba kongera kugabanywa, kuko yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo buhagije, ndetse ahabwa ibiri munsi y’ibihano uru Rukiko rutanga ku bantu bahamijwe icyaha nk’icye.

[20] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwa Mutagatifu Boniface bugamije gusaba ko agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw kubera kwemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha bukaba nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose, hagumyeho igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya15.000.000 yahawe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mutagatifu Boniface nta shingiro bufite; [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00405/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 21/03/2025 idahindutse; [23] Rwemeje ko igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000 Frw, Mutagatifu Boniface yahanishijwe kigumyeho;