MUTUYEYEZU v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE (Fonds Spécial de Garantie)ion

# MUTUYEYEZU v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE (Fonds Spécial de Garantie)ion

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-09-26 - Case/document no.: RCAA 0037/11/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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MUTUYEYEZU v. FONDS DE GARANTIE AUTOMOBILE (Fonds Spécial de Garantie) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – Nº RCAA 0037/11/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Rugabirwa na Hitiyaremye, J.) 26 Nzeri 2014] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ishyingurwa rya dosiye by’agateganyo – Ububasha bw’ubushinjacyaha kwikorwa ry’iperereza kuri dosiye yashyinguwe by’agateganyo – Ubushinjacyaha bufite ububasha bwokongera kukora iperereza ku dosiye bwari bwarashinguye by’agateganyo iyo bubonye ibimenyetso mu gihe nta busaze bw’ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha buraba – Itegeko n° 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo 43(2). Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso – Ubuhamya – Umucamanza niwe uha agaciro ubuhamya cyangwa ntabwiteho ashingiye ku mutimanama we kandi urukiko ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya ahubwo rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo ku byabaye – Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mutuyeyezu avuga ko yakoze impanuka yatejwe n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Fuso itarabashije kumenyekana ubwo yari atwaye imodoka ava Kigali yerekeza i Gicumbi; icyo gihe umugenzacyaha nawe wakoze inyandikomvugo y’impanuka yemeza ko yatejwe na Fuso yagendaga nabi mu muhanda. Fonds de Garantie Automobile ubu yahindutse Fonds Spécial de Garantie yandikiye Mutuyeyezu imwemerera kumukoreshereza imodoka ye; hagati aho ariko yandikira Ubushinjacyaha ibusaba kongera gukora iperereza kuri iyo mpanuka nyuma yo gushyingura dosiye ku mpamvu zo kutamenyekana k’uwakoze icyaha. Ubushinjacyaha bwongeye gukora iperereza busanga impanuka itaratejwe n’imodoka itaramenyekanye nkuko byari byemejwe ahubwo yatewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi; bihita bituma Fonds Spécial de Garantie yanga kwishyura nkuko yari yabyemeje mbere. Mutuyeyezu yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge asaba ko FondsSpécial de Garantie yamuha indishyi zituruka ku mpanuka yakoze biturutse ku modoka itarashoboye kumenyekana ndetse n’indishyi zituruka ku gihombo byamuteje, maze urwo rukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, rumutegeka kwishyura Fonds Spécial de Garantie indishyi z’akababaro. Mutuyeyezu ntiyishimiye imikirize y’uru rubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Mutuyeyezu nanone ntiyishimiye iki cyemezo maze akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro inyandiko ishyingura dosiye kandi yarakozwe hamaze kubazwa abatangabuhamya banyuranye, ko kuri we kugeza n’ubu igishyinguye, akavuga kandi ko abatangabuhamya bose babajijwe nyuma baranzwe no kwivuguruza. Fonds Spécial de Garantie yiregura ivuga ko gushyingura dosiye ari icyemezo cy’ubutegetsi (décision administrative) bw’ubutabera nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umucamanza w’Urukiko Rukuru, kikaba gitandukanye n’icyemezo cy’urukiko (décision Judiciaire) kitavuguruzwa hatabaye

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ubujurire, ko kuba harabonetse ibindi bimenyetso bishya nyuma y’uko dosiye ishyinguwe by’agateganyo nta cyabuza urukiko kubishingiraho, ni muri ubwo buryo Fonds Spécial de Garantie yabigaragarije urukiko nk’ikimenyetso gishya. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Ubushinjacyaha bufite ububasha bwokongera gukora iperereza ku dosiye bwari bwarashinguye by’agateganyo iyo bubonye ibimenyetso mu gihe nta busaze bw’ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha buraba. 2. Umucamanza niwe uha agaciro ubuhamya cyangwa ntabwiteho ashingiye ku mutimanama we kandi urukiko ntirwita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya ahubwo rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo ku byabaye. 3. Indishyi zigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko igihe umuburanyi asaba izumurengera. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuri Mutuyeyezu. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo 43(2). Itegeko n° 15/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 65 Nta manza zafashishijwe. Ibitekerezo by’abahanga: Boris Starck, Henri Roland, Roland Boyer, Introduction au Droit, 4ème édition, p. 617, para. 1620 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco avuga ko ubwo yari atwaye imodoka JEEP TOYOTA LAND CRUISER RAA 151 Y ava i Kigali yerekeza i Gicumbi yakoreshejwe impanuka n’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa FUSO itarabashije kumenyekana maze imodoka ye ikangirika bikomeye, ko kandi Umugenzacyaha wakoze inyandikomvugo y’impanuka (Procès Verbal de constat) yemeje ko yatejwe n’iyo Fuso yagenze nabi mu muhanda. [2] Ku wa 20/11/2008, Fonds de GarantieAutomobile ubu yahindutse Fonds Spécial de Garantie yandikiye Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco imwemerera kumukoreshereza imodoka ye ku mafaranga angana na 3.552.508 Frw, hagati aho ariko yandikira Ubushinjacyaha ibusaba kongera gukora iperereza kuri iyo mpanuka nyuma yo gushyingura dosiye ku mpamvu zo kutamenyekana k’uwakoze icyaha. [3] Ubushinjacyaha bwongeye gukora iperereza kuri iyo mpanuka maze bwemeza ko iyo mpanuka itaturutse ku modoka yo mu bwoko bwa FUSO itarashoboye kumenyekana nk’uko

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byari byemejwe mbere, ko ahubwo yatewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi,maze bunabimenyesha Fonds de Garantie Automobile (Fonds Spécial de Garantie) mu nyandiko, bityo ihita yanga kwishyura nk’uko yari yabyiyemeje mbere. [4] Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugengeasaba ko Fonds de Garantie Automobile (Fonds Spécial de Garantie) yamuha indishyi zituruka ku mpanuka yakoze biturutse ku modoka itarashoboye kumenyekana zingana na 5.629.169 Frw n’indishyi zituruka ku gihombo byamuteje zingana na 64.676.200Frw, urwo rukiko ruca urubanza rwemeza ko ikirego cya Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco nta shingiro gifite, rumutegeka guha Fonds de Garantie Automobile (Fonds Spécial de Garantie) indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 300.000 Frw. [5] Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco ntiyishimiye imikirize y’uru rubanza arujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, maze mu rubanza RCA 0172/11/HC/KIG rwaciye ku itariki ya 22/12/2011, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. [6] Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco nanone ntiyishimiye iki cyemezo maze akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutahaye agaciro inyandiko ishyingura dosiye kandi yarakozwe hamaze kubazwa abatangabuhamya banyuranye, ko kuri we kugeza n’ubu igishyinguye, akavuga kandi ko abatangabuhamya bose babajijwe nyuma baranzwe no kwivuguruza. [7] Iburanisha ryabaye mu ruhame ku itariki ya 02/09/2014, Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco aburanirwa na Me Abasa Fazili, naho Fonds de Garantie Automobile (FondsSpécial de Garantie) iburanirwa na Me Mutembe Protais. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO. Kumenya niba koko impanuka yaratewe n’imodoka itarabashije kumenyekana. [8] Me Abasa Fazili uburanira Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco avuga ko Ubushinjacyaha bwashyinguye dosiye by’agateganyo ku mpamvu z‘uko imodoka yateje impanuka itabashije kumenyekana, iperereza risubiwemo ntihatangwa ikindi cyemezo gisimbura icyari cyashyinguye dosiye by‘agateganyo,ko rero icyo cyemezo kigifite agaciro kuko ari nta kindi kikivuguruza gihari,akavuga ko Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yabyirengagije ashingira ku ngingo ya 43, igika cya 2, y’itegeko n° 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryakoreshwaga impanuka iba, akemeza ko impanuka itatewe n’indi modoka itarashoboye kumenyekana ashingiye ku iperereza ryakozwe nyuma y’uko dosiye ishyingurwa [9] Akomeza avuga ko nyuma Fonds de Garantie Automobile yagiye aho impanuka yabereye maze isaba Ubushinjacyaha gusubiramo iperereza, muri iryo perereza bukavugana n’abatangabuhamya bari barabajijwe mbere barimo na Nyandwi waranzwe no kwivuguruza, ibi Urukiko rukaba rwarabigaragarijwe ariko nyamara rubirengaho ntirwabiha agaciro. [10] Me Abasa Fazili anenga kandi Urukiko kuba rwarashingiye ku mutangabuhamya umwe rukumbi watanzwe na Fonds de Garantie Automobile (Fonds Spécial de Garantie) ari we Nyandwi waranzwe no gukekeranya kuko atashoboraga kubona ibibera mu muhandaharebweaho

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yari ari mu ishyamba atema ibiti,ngo rukaba rutaritaye ku bandi batangabuhamya batanzwe na Mutuyeyezu rwitwaje ko ngo bari kumwe. [11] Avuga kandi ko umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru yivuguruje ku rupapuro rw’incarubanza aho na we yivugira ko ntawe uzi isano Mutuyeyezu ahuriyeho n’abatangabuhamya ku buryo batashoboraga kuvuga ibyo babonye, nyamara ariko ntiyaha agaciro ubuhamya bwabo. [12] Me Mutembe Protais uburanira Fonds Spécial de Garantie avuga ko gushyingura dosiye ari icyemezo cy’ubutegetsi (décision administrative) bw’ubutabera nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umucamanza w’Urukiko Rukuru, kikaba gitandukanye n’icyemezo cy’urukiko (décision Judiciaire) kitavuguruzwa hatabaye ubujurire, ko kuba harabonetse ibindi bimenyetso bishya nyuma y’uko dosiye ishyinguwe by’agateganyo nta cyabuza urukiko kubishingiraho. [13] Akomeza avuga kandi ko atari Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu rukiko butabanje gukura dosiye aho yari ishyinguye, ko ahubwo cyatanzwe na Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco mu rukiko ruburanisha imanza z’imbonezamubano asaba indishyi, maze Fonds de Garantie Automobile nayo iboneraho kugaragariza Urukiko ikimenyetso gishya. [14] Ku mpamvu ijyanye no kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye ku buhamya bwatanzwe n’umutangabuhamya umwe wongeye kubazwa kandi akivuguruza, Me Mutembe avuga ko,Urukiko arirwo rupima rukamenya agaciro ruha ubuhamya butangiwe mu Rukiko kandi rukaba rutita ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, ko icy’ingenzi ari ubumenyi umutangabuhamya aba afite ku byo yabonye azi neza kandi avugisha ukuri. [15] Avuga ko ibyo umucamanza yabyubahirije yita ku byo Nyandwi yabonye n’amaso ye ubwo yari mu ishyamba iruhande rw’umuhanda areba ibibera hafi ye, ko ntaho ahuriye n’uwakoze impanuka, ibyo yavuze akaba nta kubogama kurimo, ko kandi bitandukanye n’ibyatangajwe n’abantu Mutuyeyezu yari atwaye kandi basanzwe babana nk’inshuti nk’uko na bo ubwabo babyivugiye imbere y‘Ubushinjacyaha, naho ku birebana n’isano, Me Mutembe avuga ko itegeko ritavuga isano ishingiye ku maraso gusa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA. [16] Ku birebana no kuba dosiye yari yarashyinguwe by’agateganyo nyuma ikongera gukorerwa iperereza igashyikirizwa Urukiko hatabayeho gufata ikindi cyemezo gikuraho icyayishyinguye by’agateganyo, ingingo ya 43, igika cya 2, y’itegeko n° 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/5/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryavuguruwe kandi ryujujwe ryakoreshwaga ubwo ubujurire bwatangwaga, ivuga ko “gushyingura dosiye ari icyemezo cy’ubutegetsi kidashobora kubuza ko iperereza ryakomeza mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bubonye ibimenyetso bishinja iyo hagati aho nta busaze bw’ikirego cy’ikurikiranacyaha bwabaye”. [17] Urukiko rurasanga kuba Ubushinjacyaha bwarongeye gukora iperereza bubisabwe na Fonds de Garantie Automobile kuri dosiye bwari bwarashyinguye by’agateganyo bikurikije amategeko, ibaruwa bwandikiye Fonds de Garantie Automobile ivuga ko ntawateje impanuka, ikaba ikuraho icyemezo cyavugaga ko uwateje impanuka atashoboye kumenyekana.

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[18] Ku birebana no kuba Urukiko rwarashingiye icyemezo ku mutangabuhamya umwe rukumbi rutitaye no ku bandi batanzwe na Mutuyeyezu, ingingo ya 65 y’itegeko n° 15/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo igira, iti “Urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rumpima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya. Rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye, no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze ntacyo bihimbira”. [19] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Urukiko rurasanga ibyatangajwe n’umutangabuhamya Nyandwi ko impanuka yatewe n’umuvuduko mwinshi ntaho rwahera rubitesha agaciro cyane cyane ko hari n’undi mutangabuhamya witwa Rukundakuvuga na we wabonye iyo mpanuka iba, ndetse n’uwitwa Munyankumburwa Djuma wahageze impanuka ikimara kuba, bose bakaba barasobanuye ko iyo modoka yo mu bwoko bwa Prado yari ifite umuvuduko mwinshi ari wo watumye ikora impanuka. [20] Ku birebana no kuba Urukiko rutarahaye agaciro ibyavuzwe n‘abatangabuhamya batanzwe na Mutuyeyezu, abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko ubusanzwe ku byerekeranye n’uko ibintu byagenze, ubuhamya bw’abantu babonye biba bushobora kwakirwa, ko ariko ibyo bitavuze ko Urukiko rugomba byanze bikunze kubushingiraho, ko umucamanza ari we ubuha agaciro cyangwa ntabwiteho ashingiye ku mutimanama we (En ce qui concerne les faits juridiques, la preuve par témoins est généralement recevable; ce qui ne signifie pas que le tribunal soit lié par le témoignage; il peut le tenir pour vrai ou au contraire le rejeter, selon son intime conviction) 1.Uru rukiko rero na rwo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rusanga ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abantu bivugira ko baziranye na Mutuyeyezu kimwe n’ubw’uwo bari bagendanye mu modoka butafatwaho ukuri mu gihe hari ubundi bwatanzwe n’abadafite aho babogamiye kandi bunyuranye na bwo. [21] Hashingiwe ku bimanze kuvugwa,Urukiko rurasanga impanuka y’imodoka RAA 151 Y yo mu bwoko bwa TOYOTA LAND CRUISER yabaye ku itariki ya 1/5/2008 mu muhanda werekeza mu Karere ka GICUMBI ahitwa ku IDIGIRI itaratejwe n’imodoka itarabashije kumenyekana kuburyo FondsSpécial de Garantie yakwishyura indishyi nk’uko Mutuyeyezu abisaba, bigaragara ahubwo ko yatewe n’umuvuduko wayo ukabije yari ifite, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. Kumenya niba indishyi FondsSpécial de Garantie yasabye yazihabwa. [22] Me Mutembe Protais avuga ko Fonds Spécial de Garantieaburaniraishingiye ku ngingo ya 167 y’itegeko n° 21/2012ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi isaba ko ku mafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000 Frw) y’indishyi uwajuriye yari yaciwe mbere hakwiyongeraho andi nk‘ayo y’igihembo cya avoka kandi igahabwa ibihumbi maganabiri (200,000 Frw) y’igihembo remezo mu rwego rw’ubujurire, ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000 Frw) ya prime n’andi yatanze mu ikurikiranarubanza. [23] Me Abasa Fazili uburanira Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco we avuga ko ubwo bujurire bwa Fonds Spécial de Garantie butagomba guhabwa agaciro kuko imodoka yakoresheje Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco impanuka itashoboye kumenyekana. 1Boris Starck, Henri Roland, Roland Boyer, Introduction au Droit, 4ème édition, p. 617, para. 1620.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Urukiko rurasanga impanuka itaratewe n’imodoka itarabashije kumenyekanank’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, bityo indishyi Fonds Spécial de Garantie isaba ikaba igomba kuzihabwa. Kubera ko ariko izo isaba ari umurengera, Urukiko ruyigeneye mu bushishozi bwarwo izihwanye n’ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000) gusa y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avokahabariwemo n’ayo yari yagenewe mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko andi isaba itashoboye kuyatangira ibimenyetso. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite; [26] Ruvuze ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA 0172/11/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 22/12/2001 idahindutse uretse ku birebana n’indishyi zigomba gutangwa; [27] Rutegetse Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco guha Fonds Spécial de Garantie ibihumbi magana atandatu (600.000)y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka; [28] Rutegetse Mutuyeyezu Jean Bosco gutanga amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 Rwf).