UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTUYIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTUYIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-09-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00399/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MUTUYIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00399/2022/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 28 Nzeli 2023] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza – Ibimenyetso biziguye cyangwa bishingiye ku mabwire – Inkiko zemera ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) cyangwa ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nyuma yuko umukobwa witwa T. J. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko yavuze ko yasambanyijwe n’uregwa bahuriye mu gashyamba abanje kumutera ubwoba. uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha avuga ko atigeze ahura n’uwo mwana w’umukobwa, ko n’iyo aza kuba yaramusambanyije, bitewe n’aho avuga ko yafatiwe, yari kuvuza induru agatabarwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rusanga uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha yaregwaga nuko rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso, nta n’iperereza rukoze, asaba kurenganurwa. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza, rusanga uregwa atagaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza yajuririye, maze rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza yajuririye. Uregwa yarongeye nanone ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi nta bimenyetso bihari bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya, ko n’iperereza yasabye ritakozwe, asaba ko ryakorwa akarenganurwa akagirwa umwere. Anavuga kandi ko ubuhamya bwashingiweho butari guhabwa agaciro, kuko bushingiye kubyo abatangabuhamya nabo babwiwe. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho byuzuzanya kandi bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Ko ntaho yahera avuga ko atahuye n’umwana w’umukobwa aregwa ko yasambanyije kuko inyandikomvugo zo mu Bugenzacyaha zigaragaza ibihe yahuriyeho n’umwana wasambanyijwe. Buvuga kandi ko kuba umutangabuhamya yavuga ibyo yabwiwe bigashingirwaho n’Urukiko nta tegeko ryishwe, Buvuga na none ko raporo ya Muganga wasuzumye umwana ikubiyemo ibyo yabonye mu isuzuma, ko muri iyo raporo yakorewe umwana T. J., bigaragara ko yasanganwe udusebe ku gitsina kandi yagejejwe kwa Muganga yahahamutse, ibyo bigahura n’ibiri mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ry’uwo mwana. Incamake y’icyemezo: Inkiko zemera ibimenyetso biziguye (preuve indirecte) cyangwa ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 108. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Twahirwa François, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/07/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/08/2018, mu masaha y’umugoroba, umwana w’umukobwa witwa T. J. w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko yavuze ko yasambanyijwe na Mutuyimana Félicien bahuriye mu gashyamba abanje kumutera ubwoba ko yemera bakaryamana cyangwa akamwica, maze Mutuyimana Félicien arafatwa ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, burega Mutuyimana Félicien icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, busaba ko kimuhama, hanyuma agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25), giteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko n° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Mutuyimana Félicien yaburanye ahakana icyaha aregwa, avuga ko atigeze ahura n’uwo mwana w’umukobwa, ko n’iyo aza kuba yaramusambanyije, bitewe n’aho avuga ko yafatiwe, yari kuvuza induru agatabarwa. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 00008/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 10/04/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Mutuyimana Félicien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, birimo imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijwe, ubuhamya bwa Ayirwanda Thomas, ubwa Mukagwiza Jeannette na raporo ya Muganga wo ku bitaro bya Byumba yakorewe umwana wasambanyijwe, maze rumuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [5] Mutuyimana Félicien yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rwamuhamije icyaha nta bimenyetso, nta n’iperereza rukoze, asaba kurenganurwa. Ubushinjacyaha bwo bwavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko umwana amushinja ndetse na raporo ya Muganga ikagaragaza ko yasambanyijwe. [6] Mu rubanza n° RPA 00902/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze Mutuyimana Félicien atagaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza yajuririye, kandi atarabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso bivuguruza ibyashingiweho mu kumuhamya icyaha, naho ku kubijyanye n’iperereza yasabye, rwasanze ataratanze impamvu zari gutuma rikorwa, maze rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RP 00008/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi ku wa 10/04/2019 idahindutse. [7] Mutuyimana Félicien yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa nº RPAA 00399/2022/CA, ruburanishwa ku wa 06/09/2023, Mutuyimana Félicien yunganiwe na Me

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Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bideri Diogène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Mutuyimana Félicien avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi nta bimenyetso bihari bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya, ko n’iperereza yasabye ritakozwe, agasaba ko ryakorwa akarenganurwa akagirwa umwere, naho Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibimenyetso byashingiweho byuzuzanya kandi bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. [9] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Mutuyimana Félicien yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA: Kumenya niba Mutuyimana Félicien yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bikimuhamya. [10] Mutuyimana Félicien n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha atakoze, kuko ntaho yahuriye n’umwana w’umukobwa umushinja ko yamusambanyije, ko imvugo z’uwo mwana zari zikwiye guherekezwa n’ibindi bimenyetso, kuko ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko rwabanje bishidikanywaho. [11] Mutuyimana Félicien n’umwunganira bakomeza bavuga ko mu kumuhamya icyaha, Urukiko Rukuru rwashingiye kuri raporo ya Muganga ivuga ko bishoboka ko habayeho ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina (violence sexuelle probable), ko rero idashimangira ko ryabayeho, kandi ko ryakozwe na Mutuyimana Félicien. Bifuza ko Muganga wakoze iyo raporo yatumizwa mu Rukiko kugirango ayisobanure. [12] Ku bijyanye n’ubuhamya bwashingiweho mu guca urubanza, Mutuyimana Félicien n’umwunganira bavuga ko Ayirwanda Thomas yabwiwe ibyabaye ku mwana n’abari bavuye kwa Muganga, naho Mukagwiza Jeannette avuga ibyo yabwiwe n’umwana, ko rero ubwo buhamya bwabo butari guhabwa agaciro, kuko bushingiye kubyo nabo babwiwe. [13] Mutuyimana Félicien n’umwunganira basaba ko hakorwa iperereza, Urukiko rukagera aho icyaha cyabereye, hakabazwa Umukuru w’Umudugudu witwa Ildephonse, hakanafatwa ibizamini by’umwana wahohotewe n’ibye kugirango hapimwe DNA hamenyekane niba koko ari we wamusambanyije. Basoza basaba ko uru Rukiko rwakwemeza ko icyaha kitamuhama, maze akagirwa umwere. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ntaho Mutuyimana Félicien yahera avuga ko atahuye n’umwana w’umukobwa aregwa ko yasambanyije, kuko abazwa mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko yavuye mu Marembo saa kumi n’ebyiri n’iminota mirongo itanu n’itanu (18h55’) z’umugoroba ahita ajya iwe, kandi ko Uwamahoro nyina w’umwana yavuze ko umwana we yasambanyijwe mu ma saa moya z’umugoroba (19h00’), bikaba rero bigaragara ko amasaha ahuye.

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[15] Ku mvugo z’umwana wahohotewe, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko zigomba guhabwa agaciro, kuko avuga ibyamubayeho, kandi ko icyaha cyo gusambanywa ari igikorwa kimenywa n’uwagikoze ndetse n’uwagikorewe, naho ku byo Mutuyimana Félicien avuga ko hagira abandi bantu babazwa, akavuga ko nta shingiro byagira kuko ntacyo babonye ku mikorere y’icyaha. [16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza avuga ko kuba umutangabuhamya yavuga ibyo yabwiwe bigashingirwaho n’Urukiko nta tegeko ryishwe, kuko abatangabuhamya babajijwe ari ababwiwe n’umwana ibyamubayeho akimara guhohoterwa agifite igihunga, ubwo buhamya bukaba rero butateshwa agaciro. [17] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga na none ko raporo ya Muganga wasuzumye umwana ikubiyemo ibyo yabonye mu isuzuma, akaba adafite inshingano yo kwemeza ko umwana yasambanyijwe cyangwa atasambanyijwe. Avuga ko muri iyo raporo yakorewe umwana T. J., bigaragara ko yasanganwe udusebe ku gitsina kandi yagejejwe kwa Muganga yahahamutse, ibyo bigahura n’ibiri mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ry’uwo mwana. Asanga Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso rwagaragarijwe, ari rwo rwemeje ko umwana yasambanyijwe, ko rero atari ngombwa ko Muganga atumizwa ngo asobanure raporo yakoze kubera ko isobanutse. [18] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha anavuga ko nta cyari gushingirwaho kugirango DNA ipimwe, agasoza avuga ko ubujurire bwa Mutuyimana Félicien nta shingiro bufite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho mu guhamya Mutuyimana Félicien icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko bishidikanywaho. [20] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 108 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko "Ibimenyetso bishobora gushingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barabigiyeho impaka. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose bishinja cyangwa bishinjura ari byo kandi bishobora kwemerwa". [21] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza zaciwe, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi Mutuyimana Félicien yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bikurikira: - imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijwe wavuze ko ubwo yari mu nzira ataha ageze mu gashyamba yahuye na Mutuyimana Félicien aramuhagarika, amubwira ko yemera bakaryamana cyangwa akamwica, amwangiye aramukiranya amurusha imbaraga, amutura hasi aramusambanya. - ubuhamya bwa Ayirwanda Thomas wavuze ko uwo mwana yari avuye iwe gusura bagenzi be, bakamuherekeza bakamugeza ahitwa mu Kiniga, mu rukerera bumvise ko yajyanwe kwa Muganga kubera ko yasambanyijwe.

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- ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Mukagwiza Jeannette wavuze ko ubwo umwana yari kwa Muganga yamubwiye ko uwitwa Kazungu yamusambanyije. - raporo ya Muganga wo ku bitaro bya Byumba ivuga ko hari amatembabuzi y’umweru ndetse n’udusebe ku gitsina, ko uko bakoze ku gitsina cy’umwana agira ububabare, mu mwanzuro hakavuga ko bishoboka ko yaba yarasabanyijwe (violence sexuelle probable). [22] Bigaragara mu rubanza rwajuririwe n° RPA 00902/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/2022, ko Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye niba Mutuyimana Félicien yarahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso rushingiyeho nta n’iperereza rukoze, maze rusanga, uretse kuba Mutuyimana Félicien yaravuze ko yahamijwe icyaha nta bimenyetso, nta n’iperereza rikozwe, atarabashije kugaragaza icyo anenga urubanza yajuririye, ngo atange ibimenyetso bivuguruza ibyashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere. Naho kubyerekeye iperereza yasabye rwasanze ataragaragaje icyo iperereza ryaba rigamije ndetse n’abantu babazwa, maze rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza n° RP 00008/2019/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 10/04/2019. [23] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba ubuhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (prevue par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (prevue indirecte) bushobora gushingirwaho n’urukiko, byasuzumwe mu rubanza n° RPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25/07/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twahirwa François, maze, rushingiye ku nyandiko z’abahanga mu mategeko, rusobanura ko mu Rukiko umutangabuhamya avuga ibyo yiboneye cyangwa yumvise mu buryo butaziguye, Urukiko akaba arirwo rwonyine rusuzuma mu bushishozi bwarwo icyizere cyangwa ireme bukwiye guhabwa, harebwe ububasha bw’Urukiko bwo gusuzuma mu bwigenge no mu bushishozi bwarwo ibimenyetso byose rwashyikirijwe, n’intego y’amategeko y’ibimenyetso (objectif du droit de la prevue) yo gushakisha ukuri, ko inkiko zemera ibimenyetso biziguye (prevue indirecte) cyangwa ibimenyetso bishingiye ku mabwire (prevue par ouï-dire) iyo bishyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma byizerwa. [24] Ku bijyanye rero n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Ayirwanda Thomas n’ubwayanzwe na Mukagwiza Jeannette, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nta mpamvu butari guhabwa agaciro n’Urukiko Rukuru, ngo rubusuzume mu bushishizi no mu bwigenge bwarwo, mu gihe hari ibindi bimenyetso bibushyigikiye bituma bwizerwa ku bijyanye n’ireme ryabwo, hagamijwe kugaragazwa ukuri ku cyaha Mutuyimana Félicien aregwa n’Ubushinjacyaha. [25] Kubijyanye na raporo ya Muganga, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye igaragaza ko umwana ashobora kuba yarahohotewe kuko hari ibyo yamubonyeho bidasanzwe, aho yagaragaje ko afite amatembabuzi y’umweru ndetse n’udusebe mu gitsina, kandi ko yakoze ku gitsina cy’uwo mwana akagira ububabare, iyo raporo ikaba isobanutse mu buryo buhagije ku buryo atari ngombwa gutumiza Muganga wayikoze ngo aze mu rukiko kuyisobanura. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi inshingano za Muganga zigarukira gusa ku gusuzuma umwana, ntabwo yagombaga byanze bikunze kwemeza ko yasambanyijwe, kandi ko byakozwe na Mutuyimana Félicien, kuko ibyo ari inshingano z’urukiko rwaregewe, cyane cyane ko raporo ya Muganga ari ikimenyetso mu bindi ruba rugomba gusuzuma mu bushishozi bwarwo, maze rukemeza ko icyaha cyabayeho cyangwa se kitabayeho.

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[26] Ku byo Mutuyimana Félicien asaba ko hapimwa DNA kugira ngo bigaragare niba ariwe wasambanyije umwana uvugwa muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga atagaragaza ibyashingirwaho icyo kizamini gikorwa harebwe igihe gishize icyaha kibaye, bityo ibyo asaba nta shingiro bifite. [27] Kubyerekeye iperereza Mutuyimana Félicien asaba ko ryakorwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, no mu bujurire bwe, atagaragaza icyo iryo perereza ryaba rigamije, kuko uwitwa Ildephonse uyobora Umudugudu yifuza ko uru Rukiko rwumva, ntabwo agaragaza icyo yaba azi ku mikorere y’icyaha aregwa cyatuma urubanza yajuririye ruhinduka. [28] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ibyo umwana wasambanyijwe yavuze ko yahohotewe na Mutuyimana Félicien bahuriye mu gashyamba bwije akamutera ubwoba, maze akamusambanya, byunganiwe n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe ndetse na raporo ya Muganga, bityo kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwarabihuje rugasanga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, nta kosa rwakoze. [29] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 108 y’Itegeko nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru no kubimaze gusobanurwa, rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mutuyimana Félicien nta shingiro bufite, bityo urubanza yajuririye rukaba rugomba kugumana agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mutuyimana Félicien nta shingiro bufite; [31] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00902/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 29/04/2022 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [32] Rutegetse ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Mutuyimana Félicien yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka cumi n’irindwi (17) y’amavuko kigumyeho; [33] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta, kuko Mutuyimana Félicien yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.