UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MVUNABANDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MVUNABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00900/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MVUNABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00900/2024/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 27 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi – Guhindura inyito y’icyaha – Mu kwemeza niba ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo ari ibyo gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution), hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bikurikira: kuba uregwa yafatanwa iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga menshi bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge – Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Isubikagihano – Isubikagihano rishobora gutangwa mu gihe uregwa

ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka 5. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yafatiwe mu cyuho afite udupfunyika 41 tw’urumogi maze ashyikirizwa inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama maze agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 25.000.000Frw. Uregwa yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rwemeje ko Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’ urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 25.000.000Frw. Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi akaba yaranaburanye acyemera. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburaye avuga ko n’ubwo Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yari yagabanyirijwe igihano ku rwego rwa mbere, cyakongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu gihe ubujurire bwe bwari butarasuzumwa, kuko rimwongerera amahirwe yo kuba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko bigakorwa mu mbibi ziteganywa n’iryo tegeko.

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Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, no kuba ari ubwa mbere uregwa akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi, no kuba yaremeye icyaha aregwa kuva mu rwego rwa mbere, ari impamvu zituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyongera kugabanywa; maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeza ko ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000Frw. Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubicuruza, kugabanyirizwa igihano no guhabwa isubikagihano. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko inyito y’icyaha Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahamijwe idakwiriye guhinduka kuko bikorwa akurikiranyweho bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo bugahije, avuga kandi ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge atari ngombwa ko hagaragara abaguzi cyangwa ko afatanwa amafaranga yavuye mu kurucuruza, ahubwo ikirebwa ari icyo rwari rugamijwe gukoreshwa; ko rero ku bireba Mvunabandi Jean Bosco, harebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanywe hakanashingirwa ku mvugo z’abamufashe bemeza ko bagiye

bazi ko arucuruza kandi bakaba bararumusanganye ndetse rufunze mu buryo bw’udupfunyika barucuruzamo, bigaragara ko yacuruzaga urumogi. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu kwemeza niba ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo ari ibyo gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution), hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bikurikira: kuba uregwa yafatanwa iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga menshi bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge.

2. Umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi.

3. Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.

4. Isubikagihano rishobora gutangwa mu gihe uregwa ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka 5. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho:

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Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, ingingo ya 2; Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ingingo ya 11.

Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin; rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/06/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00772/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana; rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/03/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00645/2024/CA rw’ Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Innocent; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/03/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze François rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/6/2022; Urubanza RPAA 00547/2024/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabandora Eric; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/02/2025; Urubanza RPAA 00201/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Niyibishaka Patrick; rwaciwe ; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 18/04/2021 mu Mudugudu wa Ryabega, Akagari ka Mbare, Umurenge wa Karangazi mu Karere ka Nyagatare, mu masaa tatu z’ijoro (21h00’), biturutse ku makuru yatanzwe n’umuntu wahamagaye Polisi akoresheje telefoni akabamenyesha ko Mvunabandi Jean Bosco arimo gucuruza urumogi, uyu yafatiwe mu cyuho afite udupfunyika 41, rumwe ruri mu ikoti ryari rirambitse ku buriri urundi rubitse mu isanduku (mare). [2] Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahise afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’ikurikiranacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza

ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ingana na 25.000.000 Frw. Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa anagisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00522/2020/TGI/NYG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare ku wa 21/05/2021, rwemeje ko Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kubika no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’ urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na 25.000.000 FRW. Ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku bikurikira: - Kuba yemera icyaha; - Inyandikomvugo y’ifatira Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yashyizeho umukono yemera ko afatanywe urumogi rungana n’udupfunyika 41;

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- Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya PC Ntirenganya Ferdinand na Ngabijeneza Jérome bemeza ko bamufashe afite urwo rumogi; - Raporo y'inzego z’ibanze zemeza kwa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco hafatiwe urumogi. [4] Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi akaba yaranaburanye acyemera. [5] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburaye avuga ko n’ubwo Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yari yagabanyirijwe igihano ku rwego rwa mbere, cyakongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku Itegeko rishya riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryasohotse mu gihe ubujurire bwe bwari butarasuzumwa, kuko rimwongerera amahirwe yo kuba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko bigakorwa mu mbibi ziteganywa n’iryo tegeko. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00776/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 20/08/2024, rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere Mvunabandi Jean Bosco akurikiranywe n’inkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yaremeye icyaha aregwa kuva mu rwego rwa mbere, ari impamvu zituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyongera kugabanywa; maze rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeza ko ahanishwa igihano

cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW. [7] Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00219/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 06/05/2025, yunganiwe na Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu bujurire bwe Mvunabandi Jean Bosco asaba Urukiko guhindura inyito y’icyaha agahanirwa icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubicuruza, kugabanyirizwa igihano no guhabwa isubikagihano. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko inyito y’icyaha Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahamijwe idakwiriye guhinduka kuko bikorwa akurikiranyweho bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kandi akaba yaragabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo bugahije. [10] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: - Kumenya niba ibikorwa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco akurikiranyweho bigize icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubicuruza; - Kumenya niba Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

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1.Kumenya niba ibikorwa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco akurikiranyweho bigize icyaha cyo gufatanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi aho kuba icyo kubicuruza. [11] Mvunabandi Jean Bosco na Me Bizimungu Jean Marie Vianney umwunganira bavuga ko yemera ko yafatanywe urumogi ariko ko rwari urwo yavurishaga ingurube ze ngo kuko na kera yabonaga ababyeyi be barukoresha mu kuvura amatungo, bagasaba Urukiko gushingira ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11, igika cya 2 n’icya 3, y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 8/11/2019 rihindura ltegeko N°68/2028 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange rukemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gufatwanwa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kuko nta mutangabuhamya n’umwe wemeza ko yamubonye arugurisha cyangwa ngo hagaragazwe umuntu yarugurishijeho, akaba nta n’amafaranga yafatanywe yakuye mu kugurisha urumogi. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire igamije gusaba guhindura inyito nta shingiro ifite, kuko Mvumnabandi Jean Bosco yafatiwe iwe mu rugo biturutse ku makuru yatanzwe y’uko acuruza urumogi kandi abaje kumufata bakaba bararumusanganye, rumwe ruri mu ikoti urundi yarushyize mu isanduku (mare) nk’uko byemejwe n’abatangabuhamya baje kumufata. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha akomeza asobanura ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge atari ngombwa ko hagaragara abaguzi cyangwa ko afatanwa amafaranga yavuye mu kurucuruza, ahubwo ikirebwa ari icyo rwari rugamijwe gukoreshwa; ko rero ku bireba Mvunabandi Jean Bosco, harebwe ingano y’urumogi yafatanywe hakanashingirwa ku mvugo z’abamufashe bemeza ko bagiye bazi ko arucuruza kandi bakaba bararumusanganye ndetse rufunze mu buryo bw’udupfunyika barucuruzamo, bigaragara ko yacuruzaga urumogi.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, yahinduye ingingo ya 263 iteganya ko « (...) Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. (…). [15] Ibijyanye no kumenya ibishingirwaho kugira ngo hemezwe ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze bigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyitegeka Augustin. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko mu kwemeza niba ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe atari ibyo kwikoreshereza ku giti cye (simple drug possession) ahubwo ari ibyo gucuruza cyangwa gukwirakwiza (drugs trafficking/drug distribution), hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bikurikira: kuba uregwa yafatanwa iminzani yabugenewe mu gupima, amasashe yifashishwa mu gupfunyikamo ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga menshi bafatiye aho hantu, ahakoreshwa nk’ububiko, ubwinshi bw’ibiyobyabwenge basanze aho hantu, urujya n’uruza rw’abantu ahafatiwe ibiyobyabwenge, abatangabuhamya bemeza ko uwo muntu asanzwe acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, (…)1. Ibi bisobanuro byongeye kugarukwaho no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo

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nk’urubanza nk’urubanza RPAA 00772/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Jean Claude (igika cya 16) n’urubanza RPAA 00645/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshimiyimana Innocent (igika cya 14). [16] Nk’uko kandi byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA 00436/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/6/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ahimpereye Ndeze François (igika cya 24), umuntu ntagirwa umucuruzi no kuba hari abaguzi babonetse aho acururiza, ahubwo igihe cyose afite ibicuruzwa kandi yiteguye kubiha umuntu wese umugana ashaka ibyo agurisha, aba ari umucuruzi. Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikzwa no mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 00547/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nzabandora Eric (igika cya 23) n’Urubanza RPAA 00201/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 17/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyibishaka Patrick (igika cya 15). [17] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, uru Rukiko rurasanga impamvu Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ashingiraho avuga ko atacuruzaga urumogi, zirimo kuba nta mutangabuhamya n’umwe wemeza ko yamubonye arugurisha, kuba nta muntu n’umuntu wagaragajwe yarugurishijeho no kuba nta mafaranga bamusanganye yakuye mu kugurisha urumogi, nta shingiro zahabwa kuko hashingiwe ku mirongo yagaragajwe haruguru mu gika cya 15 n’icya 16 cy’uru rubanza, kugira ngo hemezwe ko ibikorwa uregwa yakoze

bigize icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge, atari ngombwa byanze bikunze ko aba yafashwe arimo kurucuruza cyangwa ko hagomba kuba hagaragaye abaguzi; ahubwo mu bishingirwaho harimo n’ingano nini y’ibiyobyabwenge uregwa yafatanywe, no kuba hari abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko arucuruza; kuba rero Mvunabandi Jean Bosco adahakana ko yafashwe ubwo yari iwe mu rugo, agafatanwa urumogi rufunze mu dupfunyika 41 harimo n’utwo yari afite mu ikote, kandi abamufashe bakaba bemeza ko bari bahawe amakuru y’uko acuruza urumogi, bihagije ngo hemezwe ko urwo rumogi rwari urwo gucuruza ndetse ko yari yiteguye kuruha abamugana, bityo rero akaba ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi.

2.Kumenya niba Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kandi kigasubikwa [18] Mvunabandi Jean Bosoco n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa yahanishijwe igihano kiremereye, agasaba ko kigabanywa kandi kigasubikwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa, kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, kuba nta ngaruka icyaha cyateje, no kuba ari umukene akaba atabona amafaranga yo kwishyura ihazabu yaciwe. Basobanura ko ibyo basaba babishingira ku rubanza RS/ INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, aho rwasobanuye ko igihano kirekire atari cyo gituma umuntu agororoka. [19] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije ahanishwa igihano gihuye n’icyaha yakoze hubahirijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya uburyo ibihano bigabanywa, uru Rukiko rukaba ntaho rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza.

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[20] Ku bijyanye n’urubanza RS/ INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwavuzwe haruguru Mvunabandi Jean Bosco ashingiraho mu bujurire bwe, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko rudashobora kugenderwaho kuko rwaciwe mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ritangazwa mu igazeti ya Leta, kandi rikaba ryaraje rigena uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano; bityo umurongo wafashwe muri urwo rubanza ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa kuko wari ushingiye ku Itegeko ryahinduwe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [21] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa gishobora kugabanywa kikagezwa munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko kandi kigasubikwa. [22] Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahamijwe gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye11 ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000 FRW ariko itarenze 30.000.000 FRW. [23] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ibikurikira : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira : …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“… (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [24] Ibiteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 n’iya 2, mu duce twa (a) na (d), y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 zimaze kuvugwa haruguru birebewe hamwe,

byumvikanisha ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’icy’ihazabu, ariko ku bireba igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 naho ku bireba igihano cy’ihazabu akaba atemerewe kujya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [25] Mu rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul (mu bika bya 25-26), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri uyu murongo, mu manza rwaciye nyuma y’uko Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ryavuzwe haruguru ritangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta, rwemeje ko ibijyanye no kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko

1 Hashingiwe ku Mugereka wa mbere w’Itekarya Minisitiri Nº 001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019 rigena urutonde rw’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyiciro byabyo, urumogi ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibyobyabwenge bihambaye.

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(minimum) bitagikurikizwa kuko byavanyweho n’iryo Tegeko ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano (reba nk’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse mu gika cya 19 n’izindi zaciwe nyuma yarwo, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 00751/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nizeyimana Théogène mu igika cya 18). [26] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, urubanza RS/ INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwavuzwe haruguru Mvunabandi Jean Bosco asaba ko rushingirwaho agahanishwa igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganyijwe n’itegeko ku cyaha ashinjwa ntirwashingirwaho ku bimureba, kuko rwaciwe ku wa 04/12/2019 ni ukuvuga mbere y’uko Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki ritangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe mu gika cya 24 cy’uru rubanza, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba rero kidashobora kongera kugabanywa; bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [28] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano asaba, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko ku ruhande rumwe igihano

cy’igifungo cy’ imyaka 15 yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa hashingiwe ngingo ya 32 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko isubikagihano rishobora gutangwa mu gihe uregwa ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka 5 ; ku rundi ruhande igihano cy’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 FRW ahanishijwe nacyo kikaba kidakwiriye gusubikwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuza ibiyobyabwenge kimwe n’ingaruka iki cyaha gifite ku muryango nyarwanda, kandi akaba ahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka. [29] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe mu bika bibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasanga nta kosa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yagaragaje ryakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Mvunabandi Jean Bosco nta shingiro bufite [31] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00776/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 20/08/2024 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose.

2 Ingingo ya 3 (1) y’ Itegeko N° nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 64 y’ Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ‘’ Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”.

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[32] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda Miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw) Mvunabandi Jean Bosco yahanishijwe kigumyeho. [33] Rutegetse ko Mvunabandi Jean Bosco asonewe amagarama kuko akurikiranwe afunze.