MWIZA v. KAYINAMURA

# MWIZA v. KAYINAMURA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2013-12-13 - Case/document no.: RCAA 0001/13/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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MWIZA v. KAYINAMURA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – 2010SC – RCAA 0001/13/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Hitiyaremye na Gakwaya, J.) 13 Ukuboza 2013] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’Inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga – Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukururutabifitiye ububasha – Itegeko Ngenga Nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 28. Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko z’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubukode bw’icyumba cyo gucururizamo akozwe hagati y’abacuruzi afatwa nk’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi – Impaka zivutse muri bene aya masezerano ziburanishwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi – Itegeko Ngenga nº 59/2007 ryo kuwa 16/12/2007 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 3. Incamakey’ikibazo: Kayinamura yareze Mwiza Mutagoma mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, agamije kumwishyuza ubukode bw’inzu ye yakoreragamo ubucuruzi, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite kuko nta bimenyetso yatanze bigaragaza umwenda. Urwo rubanza Kayinamura yarujuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Mwiza arutangamo inzitizi y’iburabubasha avuga ko inkiko zisanzwe zidafite ububasha bwo kuruburanisha kuko amasezerano umwenda ukomokaho ari ay’ubucuruzi kandi ikibazo kiburanwa kikaba cyari cyarafashweho icyemezo mbere hose n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi rwemeje ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko amasezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu n’ubwo yaba agamije gukorerwamo ubucuruzi agengwa n’amategeko mbonezamubano, naho ku bijyanye n’iremezo ry’urubanza rumutegeka kwishyura ubukode bw’inzu baburana. Icyo cyemezo Mwiza Mutagoma yakijuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ashingiye ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’inkiko zisanzwe mu kuburanisha uru rubanza nk’uko yari yayitanze mu Rukiko Rukuru; Kayinamura nawe atanga inzitizi avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga nta bubasha rufite bwo gusuzuma ubujurire bwa Mwiza kuko ikiburanwa kitagejeje ku gaciro kagenwe n’itegeko kugirango Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ruburanishe urubanza rwaciwe mu rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru, kandi ikibazo cy’iburabubasha bw’inkiko zisanzwe kikaba kitarigeze kiburanwaho mu nkiko zibanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma kuko bushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko urubanza yajuririye rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rutabifitiye ububasha, kandi iyo nzitizi y’iburabubasha akaba yarayishyikirije urwo Rukiko Rukuru rukayifataho umwanzuro. 2. Kutishyura ubukode bw’icyumba bukomoka ku masezerano yabaye hagati y’abacuruzi kandi n’icyo cyumba kikaba gikorerwamo ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi, ni igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kubera isano gifitanye n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi abagiranye amasezerano basanzwe bakora. 3. Amasezerano y’ubukode bw’icyo cyumba agomba kwitwa ay’ubucuruzi, impaka ziyakomokaho zikaba zigomba kuburanishwa n’inkiko z’ubucuruzi. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro.

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Urubanza rwajuririwe ruteshejwe agaciro. Amagarama aherera ku regwa. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ingingo ya 28. Itegeko Ngenga nº 59/2007 ryo kuwa 16/12/2007 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi, ingingo ya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: Kayinamura v. Mwiza, RCOMA 0028/10/CS rwaciwe kuwa 27/04/2012. Mwiza v. Kayinamura, RCOM 0333/10/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 22/03/2011.Inyandiko z’abahanga François Collart Dutilleul et Philippe Delebecque, Contrats civils et commerciaux, 8e édition, p.334. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kayinamura Fidèle avuga ko yaguze inzu iherereye mu Murenge wa Kimironko ikunze kwitwa “Medi Motel” n’uwitwa Mbabajimana Jean Bosco mu mwaka wa 2007, ariko akaba yari asanzwe afitanye amasezerano y’ubukode n’abantu bayicururizagamo barimo umwe witwa Mwiza Mutagoma. Bivugwa ko amasezerano yakomeje na nyuma y’aho Kayinamura aguriye inzu ariko we na Mwiza bakaba batarashoboye kumvikana ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ku buryo bagiranye imanza nyinshi ziyakomokaho, zimwe Mwiza arega Kayinamura kutubahiriza amasezerano bikamutera igihombo, izindi Kayinamura ariwe umurega, uru rubanza rukaba rwaratangijwe na Kayinamura arega Mwiza Mutagoma ko yanze kumwishyura amafaranga y’ubukode y’amezi 39 ahwanye n’amafaranga 26.300.000 Frw kuko buri kwezi ngo yagombaga kwishyura 700.000 Frw. [2] Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwaregewe rwaburanishije urubanza Mwiza Mutagoma adahari, ruca urubanza nº RC 0019/11/TGI/GSBO kuwa 14/10/2011, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Kayinamura nta shingiro gifite kuko nta kimenyetso yigeze agaragaza gihamya umwenda Mwiza Mutagoma yari amubereyemo. [3] Kayinamura Fidèle yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, muri urwo rubanza Mwiza Mutagoma arutangamo inzitizi zinyuranye zirimo iy’iburabubasha, indi yo kutakira ikirego hamwe n’iyo guhuza imanza. Ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha yavugaga ko Urukiko Rukuru nta bubasha rufite kuko ikibazo kiburanwa cyari cyarashyikirijwe mbere hose inkiko z’ubucuruzi, Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi nº RCA 0388/11/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 06/07/2012, rwemeza ko inzitizi ye nta shingiro ifite, ko amasezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu n’ubwo yaba agamije gukorerwamo ubucuruzi agengwa n’amategeko mbonezamubano, ko adashobora kwitwa ay’ubucuruzi. [4] Ku birebana n’iremezo ry’urubanza, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza nº RCA 0388/11/HC/KIG kuwa 9/8/2012, rwemeza ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Kayinamura gifite

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ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose, rutegeka Mwiza Mutagoma kwishyura Kayinamura Fidèle amafaranga yose hamwe angana na 24.830.000 Frw no kuyatangira umusogongero wa Leta uhwanye na 993.200 Frw no kwishyura amagarama ahwanye na 10.050 Frw. [5] Mwiza Mutagoma yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko imikirize y’urubanza yaranzwe no kubogama kutihishira ko kandi Urukiko rwaburanishije ikirego kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, ko icyo umucamanza yashingiyeho agena agaciro k’ubukode kitigeze kigaragazwa, ko hari ibyo yirengagije mu guca urubanza. Ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma bwakorewe ibanzirizasuzuma, Umwanditsi Mukuru w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu cyemezo Nº 0011/12/civ/GCS cyo kuwa 02/11/2012, avuga ko ubu bujurire bwe butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ariko nyuma y’itakamba ryakozwe na Mwiza Mutagoma, ibanzirizasuzuma ry’iyi dosiye ryashinzwe umucamanza maze yemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma bukwiye kwakirwa bugasuzumwa. [6] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu ruhame kuwa 05/11/2013, Mwiza Mutagoma yunganiwe na Me Mutabazi Innocent naho Kayinamura Fidèle ahagarariwe na Me Ndagijimana Emmanuel, wasabye Urukiko ko mbere y’uko haburanishwa ubujurire bwa Mwiza, rwabanza gusuzuma inzitizi Kayinamura yatanze mu mwanzuro we usubiza irebana n’iburabubasha ry’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma, Urukiko rurabyemera maze iburanisha rikomeza hagibwa impaka ku nzitizi yatanzwe na Kayinamura Fidèle. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO Inzitizi yatanzwe na Kayinamura muri uru rubanza igamije kwerekana ko ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga harebwe ingingo y’itegeko yashingiyeho avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwe kuko ngo uretse kuba agaciro ikiburanwa katageze ku mubare w’amafaranga ateganywa n’itegeko, Kayinamura avuga kandi ko n’ibyo Mwiza avuga ko ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga abushingira ku mpamvu ijyanye ni uko inkiko zabanje (Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo n’Urukiko Rukuru) Urubanza Nº RCAA 0001/13/CS zaciye urubanza rujuririrwa zitabifitiye ububasha nabyo nta shingiro bifite bitewe nuko amasezerano agibwaho impaka ari imbonezamubano. Mu mpamvu zatumye Mwiza Mutagoma ajurira, harimo imwe yerekeranye n’iburabubasha mu gusuzuma inzitizi ya Kayinamura, Urukiko rukaba rwinjira byanze bikunze kuri iyi ngingo y’ubujurire ya Mwiza. Kugira ngo uru Rukiko rwemeze ko ubujurire bwa Mwiza buri cyangwa butari mu bubasha bwarwo ni ngombwa ko hasuzumwa ingingo y’itegeko Mwiza Mutagoma yashingiyeho ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga atanga ubujurire bwe hamwe n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Mwiza Mutagoma buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. 1. Ku birebana n’ingingo y’itegeko Mwiza Mutagoma yashingiyeho ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwe. [7] Me Ndagijimana Emmanuel, uburanira Kayinamura Fidèle avuga ko ikirego cya Mwiza Mutagoma kitagomba kwakirwa mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga kubera ko kinyuranije

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n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 2, agace kayo ka 7º, y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, iyo ngingo ikaba iteganya ko “Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite kandi ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire imanza zaciwe ku rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru..., iyo izo manza zagenwemo n’Urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na miliyoni mirongo itanu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (50.000.000Frw) cyangwa se zifite agaciro kagenwe n’Umucamanza igihe habaye impaka, kangana nibura n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 50.000.000Frw”, kubera ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Mwiza Mutagoma yategetswe kwishyura Kayinamura Fidèle indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 24.830.000 Frw, izo ndishyi zikaba ziri munsi y’iziteganywa n’iyo ngingo imaze kuvugwa. [8] Avuga kandi ko Mwiza Mutagoma ashingira ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwe ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya 2, agace ka 2º, y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru , iteganya ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire, imanza zaciwe mu rwego rw’ubujurire ku rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru,......, “iyo izo manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha”, nyamara mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Mwiza Mutagoma atarigeze atanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha ngo abyangirwe, bityo rero umucamanza w’ibanzirizasuzuma akaba ataragombaga kubishingiraho mu kugena ububasha bw’Urukiko mu gihe bitigeze biburanwa mu nkiko zibanza. [9] Me Mutabazi Innocent wunganira Mwiza Mutagoma avuga ko inzitizi yatanzwe n’uburanira Kayinamura Fidèle ishingiye ku kuvuga ko ubujurire bw’uwo yunganira butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kubera ko bunyuranije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 28, igika cya 2, agace ka 7º, y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko ubujurire Mwiza Mutagoma yatanze bushingiye ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 2º, y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL rimaze kuvugwa, asobanura ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciwe n’Urukiko mbonezamubano aho gucibwa nUrukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuko imiterere y’ikiburanwa yari ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi cyagombaga gukemurwa n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi. [10] Asobanura kandi ko impamvu mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo Mwiza Mutagoma atatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha byatewe nuko urubanza rwaburanishijwe adahari ariko ko aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru rwa Kigali, Mwiza Mutagoma yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha maze mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi nº RCA 0388/11/HC/KIG rwaciwe tariki ya 09/08/2011, umucamanza avuga ko nta shingiro ifite nta bisobanuro atanze, ko n’indi nzitizi yari yatanze irebana n’ingufu zihabwa icyaburanwe (autorité de la chose jugée) nayo yanze kuyakira. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Urukiko rurasanga uwunganira Mwiza Mutagoma asobanura mu mwanzuro utanga ubujurire bwe mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, ko ashingira ububasha bw’uru Rukiko bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwe ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya kabiri, agace ka 2º, y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 03/2012/OL ryo kuwa 13/06/2012, aka gace kakaba gateganya ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire imanza zaciwe mu rwego rwa kabiri n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare cyangwa Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, iyo izo manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rutabifitiye ububasha, bityo imvugo y’uhagarariye Kayinamura ikaba nta shingiro ifite.

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[12] Urukiko rusanga kandi imvugo y’uhagarariye Kayinamura ko Mwiza Mutagoma atigeze abyutsa inzitizi y’iburabubasha mu Rukiko Rukuru nayo nta shingiro ifite, kuko muri kopi y’imikirize y’urubanza rubanziriza urundi nº RCA 0388/11/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 09/08/2011, ibyanditse mu gika cya kabiri ku rupapuro rwa mbere, bigaragaza ko Mwiza yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha kuko umucamanza yagize ati :“Mwiza na Me Mutabazi umuburanira bavuga ko uru rubanza ruri mu bubasha bw’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi“, ndetse no ku rupapuro rwa 2 kugeza ku rwa 3, bigaragara ko kimwe mu bibazo byasesenguwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, icya mbere cyerekeranye n’ububasha bw’Urukiko kandi ko ari Mwiza Mutagoma wazamuye icyo kibazo, ko Me Ndagijimana wari uhagarariye Kayinamura yayireguyeho, nyuma Urukiko rwemeza ko “amasezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu n’ubwo yaba agamije gukorerwamo ubucuruzi agengwa n’amategeko mbonezamubano, ko adashobora kwitwa ay’ubucuruzi”, yemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Mwiza Mutagoma nta shingiro ifite. 2. Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru (ruburanisha imanza mbonezamubano) rwari rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha impaka zikomoka ku masezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu ya Kayinamura Fidèle yacururizwagamo na Mwiza Mutagoma. [13] Me Mutabazi Innocent wunganira Mwiza Mutagoma avuga ko Inkiko zabanje zitari zifite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego zashyikirijwe kubera ko kamere (nature) y’ikiburanwa ari ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi cyagombaga gukemurwa n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi cyane ko n’ababuranyi ari abacuruzi kandi ko nk’uko yabisobanuye haruguru, yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha mu Rukiko Rukuru arusobanurira ko ikiburanwa kitari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko Rukuru kuko mbere hose ikibazo cy’amasezerano aburanwa cyari cyarashyikirijwe Inkiko z’ubucuruzi mu rubanza nº RCOM 0333/10/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 22/03/2011 n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi, no mu rubanza nº RCOMA 0028/10/CS rwaciwe kuwa 27/04/2012 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ko muri izi nkiko zombi Kayinamura yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha, ariko izi nkiko zombi zikaba zaravuze ko arizo zifite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ikirego cya Mwiza Mutagoma, ko rero asanga Kayinamura yaragiye mu nkiko mbonezamubano amaze gutsindwa mu nkiko z’ubucuruzi agamije gusa kunaniza Mwiza. [14] Ku byerekeye ububasha bw’Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa, Me Ndagijimana Emmanuel uburanira Kayinamura Fidèle avuga ko Inkiko zabanje zari zifite ububasha bwo kuburanisha uru rubanza kubera ko amasezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu yabaye hagati ya Mwiza Mutagoma na Kayinamura ari amasezerano y’ubukode asanzwe agengwa n’amategeko mbonezamubano, ibibazo biyakomokaho bikaba bigomba gukemurwa n’inkiko mbonezamubano. Asobanura ko ikindi cyemeza ko amasezerano yabaye hagati ya Mwiza Mutagoma na Kayinamura ari amasezerano mbonezamubano(contrat civil), ni uko Mwiza Mutagoma atari umucuruzi, akaba ngo atarashoboraga gukora amasezerano y’ubukode bw’ubucuruzi(bail commercial) bitewe nuko yari umusirikare adafite “registre de commerce”, bityo rero ibibazo bivutse mu masezerano yagiranye na Kayinamura w’umucuruzi bikaba byaragombaga gukemurwa n’Inkiko z’imbonezamubano nk’uko byagenze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rusanga mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabereye mu Rukiko Rukuru kuwa 26/06/2012, Mwiza Mutagoma na Me Mutabazi Innocent umwunganira baratanze inzitizi eshatu harimo n’ijyanye n’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko Rukuru, basobanura ko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha urubanza rwe kubera ko icyo baburana cyasuzumwe

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n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu rubanza RCOM 0333/10/HCC, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga narwo rugisuzuma mu rwego rw’ubujurire mu rubanza nº RCOMA 0028/10/CS. [16] Urukiko rusanga ikiburanwa muri uru rubanza ari impaka zavutse mu masezerano y’ubukode bw’inzu ya Kayinamura Mwiza Mutagoma acururizamo, Kayinamura akaba avuga ko izi mpaka zigomba gukemurwa n’inkiko ziburanisha imanza mbonezamubano kuko ariya masezerano ari ay’imbonezamubano bitewe nuko Mwiza yayakoze ari umusirikare, adafite na “registre de commerce”. [17] Mu rubanza RCOMA 0028/10/CS rwaciwe kuwa 27/04/2012 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, mu gika cya [7], uru Rukiko rwemeje ko Mwiza Mutagoma ari umucuruzi kuko yagaragaje ko afite “registre de commerce”, bityo rero inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’inkiko z’ubucuruzi bwo gukemura ikibazo cy’ubwishyu bukomoka ku masezerano y’ubukode Mwiza Mutagoma yagiranye na Kayinamura Fidèle, hashingiwe gusa ko Mwiza ngo yayakoze ari umusirikare udafite “registre de commerce”, ikaba nta shingiro ifite kuko iki kibazo cyakemutse mu rubanza rumaze kuvugwa rwabaye itegeko, ko rero nta gushidikanya ko ikibazo cyo kutishyura ubukode bw’inzu bukomoka ku masezerano yabaye hagati ya Mwiza Mutagoma na Kayinamura Fidèle bombi b’abacuruzi ari igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kubera isano gifitanye n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi basanzwe bakora hashingiwe ku byateganywaga n’ingingo ya 3, agace ka mbere y’Itegeko Ngenga nº 59/2007 ryo kuwa 16/12/2007. [18] Ibi kandi bishimangirwa n’ibivugwa n’abahanga mu mategeko François Collart Dutilleul et Philippe Delebecque basobanura ko ubukode bw’ubucuruzi buvugwa ku mazu acururizwamo, bikorwa n’umucuruzi cyangwa umunyenganda wanditswe mu bitabo by’ubucuruzi cyangwa rwiyemezamirimo wanditswe mu bitabo bibarurirwamo abanyabukorikori bakora cyangwa badakora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ( “le statut des baux commerciaux à vocation s’appliquer aux baux des immeubles ou locaux dans lesquels un fonds est exploité, que ce fonds appartienne soit à un commerçant ou à un industriel immatriculé au registre du commerce, soit à un chef d’entreprise immatriculée au répertoire des métiers accomplissant ou non des actes de commerce”)1. Ku rubuga rwa interneti, abandi bahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi kigomba kumvikana ko ari ikirebana n’umurimo w’ubucuruzi, umucuruzi akora ku buryo buhoraho mu mwuga we w’ubucuruzi, kandi ko hagomba gutandukanywa igikorwa umucuruzi akora mu mwuga we w’ubucuruzi n’icyo akora mu buzima bwe bwihariye, bakavuga ko nk’iyo umucuruzi aguze inzu y’umuryango aba akoze igikorwa mbonezamubano, ko ariko iyo aguze icyumba cyo gucururizamo, icyo gikorwa cyitwa icy’ubucuruzi, kandi ko n’inkiko zemeje ko amasezerano akozwe n’umucuruzi mu rwego rw’umwuga we aba ari ay’ubucuruzi, ko ndetse n’inshingano zikomoka ku makosa mbonezamubano cyangwa ibisa nayo bikozwe n’umucuruzi nabyo bifatwa nk’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi.2 [19] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Mwiza Mutagoma yari umucuruzi ufite “regitre de commerce”, amasezerano y’icyumba yakodeshwaga na 1François Collart Dutilleul et Philippe Delebecque, Contrats civils et commerciaux, 8e édition, p.334. 2https:/www.google.com/search, cours de droit commercial, Daphnée Principiano, Sont commerçants ceux qui exercent les actes de commerce et en font leur profession habituelle. L’acte doit se rattacher à l’activité commerciale, cela implique une distinction entre la vie professionnelle du commerçant et sa vie privée qui ne sera soumise qu’au droit commercial. Si un commerçant achète une maison pour sa famille: c’est un acte civil, par contre si le même commerçant acte achète un local, c’est un acte commercial. Ne sont pas commerciauc les achats faits par un commerçant pour son usage particulier. La jurisprudence dit que tous les contrats passés par un commerçant pour les besoins de son commerce sont commerciaux, qu’également toutes les obligations qui peuvent resulter d’un délit ou quasi-délit peuvent être qualifiés d’actes de commerce.

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Kayinamura Fidèle akagikoreramo ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bijyanye n’umwuga we, agomba kwitwa ay’ubucuruzi, impaka ziyakomokaho zikaba zigomba kuburanishwa n’Inkiko z’ubucuruzi, ko rero Inkiko mbonezamubano zaburanishije uru rubanza mu rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri mu bujurire zitabifitiye ububasha, bityo urubanza nº RCA 0388/11/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 06/07/2012 n’Urukiko Rukuru rukaba ruteshejwe agaciro. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeyekwakira inzitizi yatanzwe na Kayinamura Fidèle kuko byakozwe mu buryo n’inzira bikurikije amategeko; [21] Rwemejeko nta shingiro ifite; [22] Rwemejeko urubanza rwajuririwe ruteshejwe agaciro. [23] Rutegetse Kayinamura Fidèle kwishyura amagarama y’ibyakozwe kuri uru rubanza angana na 25.750 Frw, atayishyura mu gihe cy’iminsi umunani(8 jours) uru rubanza rusomwe, ayo mafaranga agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta.