NDAHIMANA v. EDPR

# NDAHIMANA v. EDPR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-28 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00012/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NDAHIMANA v. EDPR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00012/2023/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 28 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga amasezerano – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo aba agomba kuba hagati y’umukozi n’umukoresha, akagaragaza uguhura k’ukwemera kwabo ku ngingo zirebana n’ukwiyemeza ku ruhande rw’umukozi gukora imirimo iyi n’iyi azahererwa amabwiriza n’umukoresha, uyu nawe akiyemeza guhembera umukozi iyo mirimo umushahara; ndetse akaba agomba kugaragaza igihe azamara niba kizwi cyangwa se niba ari ay’igihe kitazwi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ndahimana uvuga ko yari umukozi w’itorero EDPR yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arega iryo torero amafaranga y’imishahara y’amezi 144 ritamuhembye, anasaba kwishyurirwa na EDPR amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize kuko atayatangiwe kuva yatangira akazi, guhabwa 80% by’amafaranga yinjira mu itorero buri cyumweru, akanasaba indishyi zitandukanye. Mbere yuko urwo Rukiko ruca urubanza, EDPR yireguye ivuga ko igihe cyo kuregera imishahara Ndahimana avuga ko atahembwe cyarenze, bityo hakaba harabayeho ubuzime bw’ikirego kuko bikorwa mu myaka 2, ivuga kandi ko ikirego cye kitahabwa ishingiro kuko ari umurimo w’ubupasitori yakoraga udahemberwa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ko inzitizi yatanzwe na EDPR nta shingiro ifite; rwemera kwakira ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ndahimana Elisé rugisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro gifite rubishingiye ahanini ku kuba ibyo aregera abyita umushahara bidahura n’igisobanuro itegeko riha umushahara. Ndahimana yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kwemeza ko amasezerano y'umurimo yo ku wa 12/07/2001 afite agaciro, akaba n'ikimenyetso ntakuka cy'amasezerano y'umurimo, guhabwa imishahara y’amezi 144 ndetse agatangirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize atatangiwe. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge idahindutse. Ndahimana yasabye ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rusubirirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa, urwo rubanza ruburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’ubujurire. Mu mpamvu ze zo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akaregane avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko atsinzwe hashingiye ku ngingo ya 104 y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda no kuba rwarategetse ko amafaranga asaba adakwiriye kuyahabwa ngo kuko ikirego gishingiye ku murimo kigira ubuzime nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2 ans) uhereye ku munsi icyo kirego gishingiyeho cyabereyeho. Asaba ko hasuzumwa niba afite uburengazira ku mishahara atahembwe n’itorero EDPR, ingano y’ibirarane by’imishahara agomba guhembwa n’iryo torero, indishyi zo kutubahiriza amasezerano, ibyerekeye uburenganzira bwe bwo gutangirwa n’itorero EDPR imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza no gusiragizwa mu nkiko. Avuga ko ubusabe bwe abushingira kukuba ari umukozi wa EDPR kuva 1990 ndetse ibyo bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 asaba Urukiko kuyifata nk’amasezerano y’umurimo yagiranye n’iryo torero.

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Ku rundi ruhande EDPR ivuga ko ikirego cya Ndahimana nta shingiro gikwiye guhabwa kuko atigeze aba umukozi w’Itorero EDPR ugengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo, ko inyandiko yita amasezerano y’umurimo ari impimbano asa n’uwiyandikiye akayigaragaza nyuma y’imyaka itanu habayeho urupfu rw’uwo ayitirira ari we Bishop Karera Augustin, bityo ko ibyo asaba ko urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta karengane yagiriwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Amasezerano y’umurimo aba agomba kuba hagati y’umukozi n’umukoresha, akagaragaza uguhura k’ukwemera kwabo ku ngingo zirebana n’ukwiyemeza ku ruhande rw’umukozi gukora imirimo iyi n’iyi azahererwa amabwiriza n’umukoresha, uyu nawe akiyemeza guhembera umukozi iyo mirimo umushahara; ndetse akaba agomba kugaragaza igihe azamara niba kizwi cyangwa se niba ari ay’igihe kitazwi. Ikirego nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, Ingingo ya 9. Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, Ingingo ya 3 n’iya 11. Nta manza zifashishijwe

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] Ndahimana Elisé uvuga ko yari umukozi w’itorero (idini) EDPR kuva mu 1990 akora umurimo w’ubupasitoro ahitwa i Mulinja aho iri torero rifite ishami, yatanze ikirego yishyuza iryo torero amafaranga y’imishahara y’amezi 144 (abazwe kuva kuri Werurwe 2008 kugeza kuri Kamena 2019), kwishyurirwa na EDPR amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize kuko atayatangiwe kuva yatangira akazi, guhabwa 80% by’amafaranga yinjira mu itorero buri cyumweru, akanasaba indishyi zitandukanye. [2] EDPR yireguye isaba ko ikirego cya Ndahimana Elisé kitakirwa kubera ubuzime bwo kurega (prescription) kuko imyaka ibiri y’uburenganzira bwo kurega yamaze kurenga, yongeraho ko kiramutse cyakiriwe kitahabwa ishingiro kuko urega atigeze aba umukozi wayo, kubera ko ubupasitori ari umurimo w’ubwitange, atari akazi gahemberwa, bityo amafaranga aregera akaba atayahabwa kuko nta mushahara umupasitori agira, ngo icyo ahabwa iyo cyabonetse kikaba ari amafaranga yo kumufasha mu ngendo. [3] Ku wa 29/04/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza RSOC 00153/2020/TGI/NYGE, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na EDPR nta shingiro ifite; rwemera kwakira ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ndahimana Elisé rugisuzumye rusanga nta shingiro gifite rubishingiye ahanini ku kuba ibyo aregera abyita umushahara bidahura n’igisobanuro itegeko riha umushahara; rumutegeka kwishyura EDPR igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000 Frw, kandi

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ruvuga ko asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza hashingiwe ku byemezo by’ubukene yagaragaje. [4] Ndahimana Elisé yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba gusuzuma no kwemeza ko amasezerano y'umurimo yo ku wa 12/07/2001 afite agaciro, akaba n'ikimenyetso ntakuka cy'amasezerano y'umurimo, kwemeza ko mu mishahara y’amezi 144 yari yararegeye mbere noneho yahembwa umushahara w'amezi 46 yasigaye ataragiye mu buzime nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwari rwabibonye, no kwemeza ko yishyurirwa imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi y’ayo mezi mu kigega cy'ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi (RSSB). [5] EDPR mu kwiregura yatanze na none inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego cyose cya Ndahimana Elisé kuko yagitanze impitagihe kandi cyarageze ku gihe cy’ubuzime hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 104 y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, no kubera ko yahinduye ikirego mu bujurire akaregera imishahara y’amezi 46 mu gihe ku rwego rubanza yari yaratangiye aregera imishahara y’amezi 144, ibi bikaba binyuranyije n’ingingo ya 6 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ndetse n’ingingo ya 10 y’iryo tegeko. EDPR yasabye kandi guhabwa amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] Ku wa 26/01/2023, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Ndahimana Elisé nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse, ko Ndahimana Elisé agomba kwishyura EDPR 800.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza, atayatanga ku neza agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta, ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanze ajurira angana na 40.000 Frw ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [7] Ndahimana Elisé yasabye ko urubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/01/2023 rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze mu cyemezo n˚147/CJ/2023 cyo ku wa 18/10/2023 Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, rukazaburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, aho rwanditswe kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00012/2023/CA. [8] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Ndahimana Elisé anenga urubanza asubirishamo kuba rwaremeje ko atsinzwe rushingiye ku ngingo ya 104 y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda no kuba rwarategetse ko amafaranga asaba adakwiriye kuyahabwa ngo kuko ikirego gishingiye ku murimo kigira ubuzime nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2 ans) uhereye ku munsi icyo ikirego gishingiyeho cyabereyeho. Asaba muri rusange ko hasuzumwa niba afite uburengazira ku mishahara atahembwe n’itorero EDPR, ingano y’ibirarane by’imishahara agomba guhembwa n’iryo torero, indishyi zo kutubahiriza amasezerano, ibyerekeye uburenganzira bwe bwo gutangirwa n’itorero EDPR imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza no gusiragizwa mu nkiko. [9] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ye, uhagarariye EDPR asubiza muri rusange ko ikirego cya Ndahimana nta shingiro gikwiye guhabwa kuko atigeze aba umukozi w’Itorero EDPR ugengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo, ko inyandiko yita amasezerano y’umurimo ari impimbano asa n’uwiyandikiye akayigaragaza nyuma y’imyaka itanu habayeho urupfu rw’uwo ayitirira ari we Bishop Karera Augustin, bityo ko ibyo asaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG

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rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/01/2023 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nta karengane yagiriwe. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 05/02/2025, ruburanishwa ababuranyi bose bahari, Ndahimana Elisé yunganiwe na Me Rusagara Innocent, naho EDPR iburanirwa na Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor, urubanza rurapfundikirwa, Urukiko rutangaza ko ruzasomwa ku wa 21/02/2025, ariko uwo munsi ntirwasomwa ahubwo isomwa ryarwo ryimurirwa ku wa 28/02/2025. [11] Hashingiwe ku mpaka ababuranyi bafitanye, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira : - Gusuzuma niba inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y'umurimo hagati ya Ndahimana Elisé nk’umukozi na EDPR nk’umukoresha, n’ingaruka zabyo ku bindi biregerwa bigengwa n’amategeko y’umurimo ; - Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa n’ababuranyi II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO

Gusuzuma niba inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 yafatwa nk’amasezerano y'umurimo hagati ya Ndahimana Elisé nk’umukozi na EDPR nk’umukoresha, n’ingaruka zabyo ku bindi biregerwa bigengwa n’amategeko y’umurimo [12] Ndahimana Elisé n’umwunganira bavuga ko ari umukozi w’Itorero EDPR kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 kugeza n’uyu munsi kandi ko ibyo bigaragazwa n’inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 iri muri dosiye bifuza ko Urukiko rufata nk’amasezerano y’umurimo Ndahimana Elisé yagiranye n’Itorero EDPR icyo gihe ryari rihagarariwe na Représantant Legal waryo Bishop Karera Augustin. Basobanura ko iyo nyandiko y’amasezerano atanga ibihembo ndetse akanagena umushahara w’ukwezi w’akazi gahoraho bayitanga mu nkiko kugira ngo bemeze amasezerano y’umurimo atari yanditse ngo yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1990, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko ry’Umurimo. Ko nk’uko bigaragara muri ayo masezerano impande zombi zagiranye, Ndahimana Elisé yagenewe ibihembo bituruka ku mirimo yagiye akorera Itorero EDPR ndetse n’umushahara wa buri kwezi w’akazi gahoraho ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itandatu (60.000 Frw) ariko uwo mushahara akaba yaragombaga gutangira kuwuhembwa guhera mu kwezi kwa mbere k’umwaka wa 2006., akaba ngo yaratangiye kuwuhembwa mu kwezi kwa mbere 2006 kugeza mu kwa gatatu kwa 2008 nk’uko ngo bigaragazwa n’agatabo ke ka Banki ku migereka ya 007 na 026 y’uru rubanza. [13] Basobanura ko uwasimbuye Bishop Karera Augustin ku mwanya wa Representant Legal w’Itorero EDPR ari we wahagaritse uwo mushahara mu kwezi kwa kabiri kwa 2008 igihe Ndahimana Elisé yari atangiye gusaba itorero EDPR ibindi bivugwa mu masezerano yo ku wa 12/07/2001. Ko ku wa 24/07/2019 ari bwo yandikiye uhagarariye Itorero EDPR mu mategeko yishyuza imishahara atahembwe ariko ko kuva icyo gihe atarahembwa iyo mishahara ye ngo nk’uko amategeko abiteganya cyane mu ngingo ya 3, igika cya 2 n’iya 20 z’Itegeko N° 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda.

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[14] Bavuga ko kutubahiriza amasezerano kw’Itorero EDPR byakozwe nkana ngo kuko ayo masezerano impande zombi zagiranye yakozwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko mu Rwanda, babishingiraho basaba Urukiko kwemeza ko Ndahimana Elisé afite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa ibirarane b’imishahara atahembwe n’Itorero EDPR, rugategeka ko ahabwa ibirarane by’imishahara ibarwa uhereye ku mushahara agombwa guhabwa ku kwezi ungana n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itandatu (60.000 Frw) kuva mu kwezi kwa karindwi (7) k’umwaka wa 2017 kugeza igihe urubanza ruzacirirwa ngo kuko kugeza ubu akiri umukozi w’Itorero EDPR mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. [15] Bashingiye na none ku kutubahiriza amasezerano kwavuzwe haruguru, Ndahimana Elisé n’umwunganira basaba Urukiko gutegeka itorero EDPR nk’umukoresha gutangira Ndahimana Elisé imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi yo guhera ku wa 01/01/1990, ibariwe ku mushahara yagombaga gutahana buri kwezi (net salary) ungana na 60.000 Frw, ngo kuko igihe cyose amaze ari umukozi atigeze atangirwa iyo misanzu. Ikimenyetso na none bashingiraho kikaba ari inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru yo ku wa 12/07/2001 ngo yerekana igihe yatangiriyeho akazi ari muri 1990, naho ngo ibindi byemezo byerekana ko yari Pasteur mu itorero EDPR bikaba byarasahuwe ahunga. [16] Ndahimana Elisé n’umwunganira bavuga kandi ko amafaranga y’amaturo atangwa buri cyumweru n’abayoboke b’itorero EDPR akorerwa raporo maze nyuma y’ukwezi pasitori wayakusanyije agahabwa 80% yayo, ariko ko igitabo cyanditswemo ayo Ndahimana Elisé agomba guhabwaho ubu gifitwe n’uwo arega wanze kucyerekana, bityo agasaba Urukiko gutegeka uregwa kuyamwishyura nk’ingaruka zo kwica amasezerano y’umurimo yavuzwe haruguru. [17] Ndahimana Elisé asaba kandi Urukiko gutegeka Itorero EDPR kumwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku kutubahiriza amasezerano y’umurimo bagiranye angana na 2.000.000 Frw hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 81 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano1, bityo kuba hari igice cy’amasezerano cyubahirijwe ubwo Ndahimana Elisé yishyurwaga umushahara mu kwezi kwa mbere 2006 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008, ariko kuva icyo gihe bakaba batarongeye kumwishyura umushahara kugeza iki gihe, Itorero EDPR rikwiye gutegekwa kumwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku kutubahiriza amasezerano zingana na 2.000 000 Frw. [18] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor uhagarariye itorero EDPR avuga ko ikirego cya Ndahimana Elisé nta shingiro gikwiye guhabwa kuko atigeze aba umukozi w’Itorero EDPR ugengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo. Ko inyandiko yita amasezerano y’umurimo ari impimbano yagaragaje ari uko uwo ayitirira atakiriho (Bishop Karere Augustin) amaze imyaka itanu (5) yitabye Imana. Ko icyo yita amasezerano avuga ko yemerewe umushahara wa 60.000 Frw muri 2001 akazatangira kuwuhembwa muri 2006 nyuma y’imyaka 5; aha ngo bikaba bitumvika ukuntu yaba yarakoraga adahembwa muri icyo gihe cyose ndetse no guhera mbere mu mwaka wa 1990 avuga ko yatangiriyeho kuba umukozi wa EDPR, mu gihe nyamara itegeko riteganya ko umushahara ari ikiguzi cy’imirimo umukozi akorera umukoresha (Contre partie de service).

1 Iyo ngingo ya 81 iteganya ibi bikurikira: “Kwica amasezerano yose bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira. Kwica igice cy’amasezerano bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye gusa ku gice cy’inshingano zisigaye zo gukora igisabwa”.

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[19] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor asobanura ko hakurikijwe imiterere y’inyandiko Ndahimana Elisé yita amasezerano y’umurimo, ibiyikubiyemo ngo ari ibyo yiyandikiye mu buryo bw’uburiganya, kandi binyuranije n’ingingo ya munani (8) y’Itegeko No 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/2011 rigenga amasezerano ivuga ko kwemeranya kw’impande zombi zigirana amasezerano bigaragazwa n’uko uruhande rumwe rwahamagariye urundi kugirana amasezerano, narwo rukabyemera. Ko icyo Ndahimana Elisé yise amasezerano y’umurimo atari yo kuko amasezerano y’umurimo agira uko ategurwa hagaragazwa inshingano za buri ruhande, igihe amasezerano azamara (niba ari igihe kizwi cyangwa se igihe kitazwi), ingingo zigize amasezerano zisobanutse kandi zumvikana (objet certain, déterminé et déterminable). [20] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor asobanura kandi iyo nyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 idafite imisusire y’amasezerano hagati y’impande ebyiri (caractère synallagmatique), kuko inyandiko agaragaza ifite caractère unilatérale yo kuba ngo yaba yarasinyweho na Karera Augustin nyuma akayimenyesha Ndahimana Elisé, ikaba ngo itashingirwaho n’utarayinyeho ari na we uyitangaho ikimenyetso, ndetse ko n’ibindi nk’inzu biyivugwamo ko byemerewe Ndahimana Elisé uyu ngo akaba yarabiregeye akabitsindirwa mu zindi manza mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye no mu Rukiko Rukuru. [21] Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor akomeza avuga ko icyo Ndahimana Elisé yise amasezerano y’umurimo atari yo nk’uko byanashimangiwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku rupapuro rwa gatanu (5) agace ka 16, ruvuga ko rusanga uburyo iyo nyandiko yanditse ntaho Urukiko rusanga rwashingira rwemeza ko ari amasezerano y’umurimo umukozi yashingiraho yishyuza umushahara n’ibindi aregera. [22] Ku birebana n’imishahara Ndahimana Elisé aregera ubu, Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor avuga ko yibutsa Urukiko ko Ndahimana Elisé yareze asaba imishahara y’amezi 144 kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 ngo ashingiye ku masezerano yo muri 2001, EDPR itanga inzitizi ko igihe cyo kuregera iyo mishahara cyamurenganye, nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RSOC 00153/2020/TGI/NYGE no mu rubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG, ko ikirego cya Ndahimana Elisé kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe mu mizi, ko atigeze aba umukozi wa EDPR ugengwa n’amasezerano y’umurimo, ndetse ko n’iyo yari kuba ari umukozi ibijyanye n’imishahara yagombaga kubiregera mu gihe kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) nk’uko biteganywa n’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 1042, izo nzitizi zombi zikaba zarahawe ishingiro mu nkiko zabanje. Kuba ubu kuri uru rwego asaba agera ku mezi 46 ngo ataragiye mu buzime, asaba ko uru Rukiko rutabiha ishingiro ashingiye ku ngingo ya 6 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. [23] Ku kibazo cy’imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi muri RSSB Ndahimana Elisé n’umwunganizi we baregera bavuga ko ari iyo guhera ku wa 01/01/1990, Me Rumenge Nkundimana Victor uhagarariye EDPR avuga ko nabyo nta shingiro bifite, ko Ndahimana Elisé mu kubisaba nk’uwumva hari umushahara yigeze guhembwa nk’umukozi, atagaragaza nibura numero d’affiliation (nimero y’ubwiteganyirize bw’umukozi) muri RSSB, kandi ko n’amafaranga 60.000 Frw Ndahimana yaba yarahawe n’Itorero atagomba kuyabona nk’umushahara w’umukozi

2 Iyo ngingo ya 104 iteganya ibi bikurira: “Ikirego gishingiye ku murimo kigira ubuzime nyuma y’imyaka ibiri (2) ihereye ku munsi icyo kirego gishingiyeho”.

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ku kwezi, ko ahubwo bene ayo mafaranga yayabonye nka facilitations za Pasitor (uburyo bwo korohereza pasitori umurimo akora) byashoboraga gukorwa na mbere y’itariki y’inyandiko yitwaza nk’amasezerano y’umurimo, kandi ngo n’uwabigenzura muri comptabilité y’Itorero EDPR yabibona. [24] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Ndahimana Elisé ko kugeza n’ubu akiri umukozi w’Itorero EDPR, uburanira EDPR avuga ko n’ubwo ngo nta nyandiko ihari imuhagarika nka Pasitor, itorero rya Mulinja yabarizwagamo ryahagaritswe muri 2017 kuko Ndahimana Elisé yakoze ibyaha by’ubwambuzi bushukana, agakatirwa n’Inkiko akanafungwa, bigatuma n’iryo torero ribura encadrement naryo rigafungwa, uretse ko ngo ku mugereka wa 009 wa dosiye y’uru rubanza hari n’ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko muri 2016 Ndahimana Elisé yari mu rindi torero ryitwa AGAPE, akaba ngo atari gukorera amatorero abiri icyarimwe ngo bishoboke. Asoza asaba ko ibyo Ndahimana Elisé aregera yiyita umukozi wa EDPR ugengwa n’amasezerano n’amategeko y’umurimo mu Rwanda Urukiko rutabiha ishingiro. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [25] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa mbere na mbere ni icyo kumenya niba hashingiwe ku nyandiko igibwaho impaka yo ku wa 12/07/2001 Urukiko rwakwemeza ko hagati ya Ndahimana Elisé n’Itorero EDPR habayeho isano nk’ihuza umukozi n’umukoresha bagengwa n’amategeko y’umurimo mu Rwanda. Icyivuye muri iri sesengura nicyo kigomba gushingirwaho ku rundi ruhande, ku birebana n’ibisabwa n’urega nk’uburenganzira bw’umukozi. [26] Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano mu kugaragaza kwemeranya kw’impande zigirana amasezerano, iteganya ibi bikurikira : ” Kugira ngo amasezerano akorwe, ukwemera k’uruhande rumwe kugomba guhura n’ukwemera k’urundi ruhande”. [27] Ingingo ya 3, agace ka 2o y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda isobanura “amasezerano y’umurimo” muri aya magambo : ni “amasezerano hagati y’umukoresha n’umukozi wiyemeza gukora akurikije amabwiriza y’umukoresha akabihemberwa umushahara”, mu gace ka 23 k’iyo ngingo igasobanura “umukozi” nka “umuntu wemeye gukorera umukoresha hakurikije amasezerano bagiranye akabihemberwa umushahara”. [28] Ingingo ya 11, mu gika cyayo cya mbere, y’Itegeko No 66/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko “Amasezerano y’umurimo akorwa hashingiwe ku bwumvikane bw’umukozi n’umukoresha”, naho mu gika cyayo cya 3 igateganya ko “Amasezerano y’umurimo ashobora kuba ay’igihe kizwi cyangwa kitazwi”. [29] Isesengura ry’ingingo zimaze kuvugwa haruguru rigaragaza ko muri rusange amasezerano ayo ari yo yose aba agomba kugaragaza uguhura kw’ukwemera kw’impande zose zayagiranye ku biyavugwamo. By’umwihariko ku bireba amasezerano y’umurimo akaba agomba kuba hagati y’umukozi n’umukoresha, akagaragaza uguhura k’ukwemera kwabo ku ngingo zirebana n’ukwiyemeza ku ruhande rw’umukozi gukora imirimo iyi n’iyi azahererwa amabwiriza n’umukoresha, uyu nawe akiyemeza guhembera umukozi iyo mirimo umushahara ; ndetse amasezerano y’umurimo akaba agomba kugaragaza igihe azamara niba kizwi cyangwa se niba ari ay’igihe kitazwi. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko iyo amasezerano y’umurimo akozwe mu buryo

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bw’inyandiko aba agomba kugaragaraho nibura umukono w’umukozi n’uw’umukoresha nka gihamya y’uko kwiyemeza kwa buri ruhande mu bayagiranye. [30] Dosiye igaragaza inyandiko Ndahimana Elisé ashingiraho ikirego cye muri uru rubanza rw’umurimo, iyo nyandiko ikaba ifite umutwe ugira uti : “AMASEZERANO YO GUTANGA IBIHEMBO NO KUGENA UMUSHAHARA W’UKWEZI W’AKAZI GAHORAHO”. Iyo nyandiko igaragaza ko yashyizweho umukono ku wa 12/07/2001 n’uwitwa Bishop Karera Augustin, Représentant Légal wa EDPR, kandi ikamenyeshwa Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu y’Itorero na Komite Nyobozi y’Itorero. [31] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko iyo nyandiko yavuzwe haruguru ubwayo igaragaza impamvu yayo iragira iti: ”EDPR, Itorero ry’Imana n’Ubuhanuzi mu Rwanda, rishingiye ko Pastori Ndahimana Elisé ushinzwe gukora umurimo w’ivugabutumwa no kuyobora imirimo y’ubwubatsi bw’insengero n’andi mazu muri ryo, ari we waritangije mu mwaka w’1990 muri Komini Kanombe, rikaza kuhabona ubutaka rikoreraho ari we ryifashishije, hakanashyirwa icyicaro gikuru ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse akaza no kurifasha atizigamye mu manza zaje kuvuka haburanwa ubwo butaka rikanabutsindira ariko ritarabashije kumuhembera ibi bikorwa bye, kuri uyu munsi wa cumina kabiri Nyakanga 2001, ribimuhembeye ibi bikurikira”. Hatitawe ku bivugwa n’uburanira EDPR ko iyi nyandiko ari impimbano yakozwe n’urega ubwe, kuko Urukiko rutigeze ruyiregerwa ikirego cy’inyandiko mpimbano mu buryo amategeko ateganya bigomba gukorwamo, Urukiko rurasanga iyi nyandiko itangira igaragaza ibikorwa Ndahimana Elisé aherewe ishimwe, igakomeza igaragaza ibihembo bibiri (2) ngo bigomba kuba bigize iryo shimwe ari byo “Pariseli n’ibiyirimo byose birimo inzu n’ibiti” n’ipikipiki yo mu bwoko bwa AG 100 (YAMAHA)”. Naho ibirebana n’umushahara utuma Ndahimana avuga ko ari umukozi ashingiye kuri iyi nyandiko yita amasezerano y’umurimo, bigaragara mu gace gasoza iyo nyandiko ka “N.B (Icyitonderwa)” aho igira iti: “…ku byarondowe hejuru….hiyongeraho umushahara wa buri kwezi ungana n’ibihumbi mirongwitandatu by’amafaranga y’amanyarwanda (60.000 frw) azatangira kujya afata guhera mu kwezi kwa mbere k’umwaka wa 2006 hamwe n’ibyo buri mupasitori w’iri torero agenerwa naryo buri kwezi ku rusengero aba akoreramo”. [32] Ibirebana n’igisobanuro n’agaciro by’inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 yavuzwe haruguru, ku rwego rubanza bwasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu duce twa 14-17 tw’urubanza RSOC 00153/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 29/04/202, maze urwo Rukiko rwanzura ko rusanga uburyo iyo nyandiko yanditse ntaho rwashingira rwemeza ko ari amasezerano y’umurimo umukozi yashingiraho yishyuza umushahara n’ibindi aregera muri urwo rubanza, kuko urwo rukiko rwasanze iyi nyandiko igaragaza neza ko ibikorwa Ndahimana yagombaga guhemberwa ari ibyo yarangije gukora, kandi ajya gutangira kubikora akaba nta mushahara yari yarabanje gusezeranywa, bitandukanye n’igihembo umukozi ahabwa n’umukoresha hashingiwe ku masezerano y’umurimo. Urwo Rukiko rukaba rwarasanze Ndahimana atavuga ko EDPR ari umukoresha we wamukoresheje nta gihembo ngo amuregere urukiko asaba imishahara, kuko urukiko rwasanze ibyo aregera bidahura n’igisobanura itegeko ryahaye umushahara. [33] Uru Rukiko rurasanga n’ubwo mu buryo byanditswemo bitagaraza neza impamvu z’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, ari nabyo bishobora kuba byaravuyemo kwemera ko urubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, umucamanza wo mu Rukiko Rukuru ku rwego rw’ubujurire, nawe yaratekereje kimwe n’umucamanza wo ku rwego rubanza ndetse bakagera ku

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mwanzuro umwe wo gushimangira ko Ndahimana atari umukozi wa EDPR mu buryo bugenwa n’amategeko agenga umurimo mu Rwanda, nk’uko bigaragara mu gace ka 10 k’urubanza RSOC A 00158/2021/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, nyuma yo gusuzuma inyandiko yo ku wa 12/07/2001 urega avuga ko yakozwe na Bishop Karera Augustin mu izina rya EDPR, narwo rurasanga kimwe n’inkiko zombi zaciye uru rubanza ku nzego zabanje, atari inyandiko yujuje ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko zasesenguwe haruguru ku buryo Ndahimana Elisé yayishingira asaba kwitwa umukozi ngo n’Itorero EDPR ryitwe umukoresha we, kandi abishingireho mu rubanza rw’umurimo agenerwa ibyo amategeko asanzwe agenera umukozi, nk’imishahara no gutangirwa amafaranga y’ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi asaba. [35] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ntaho Urukiko Rukuru n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zari kubona zishingira zitegeka Itorero EDPR kwishyura Ndahimana Elisé amafaranga angana na 80% y’amaturo atangwa n’aba baje mu materaniro akoreshwa n’iryo Torero. [36] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga akarengane Ndahimana Elisé aregera ko yagiriwe mu rubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/01/2023, nta shingiro gafite.

Ibijyanye n’izindi ndishyi, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ibihembo bya Avoka bisabwa [37] Ndahimana Elisé asaba Urukiko gutegeka itorero EDPR kumwishyura 2.000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ashingiye ku gusiragizwa mu nkiko kuva ubwo yatangiraga kwishyuza ibirarane by’imishahara Itorero EDPR ritamwishyuye kugeza magingo aya ngo bakimusiragiza mu nkiko. [38] Uhagarariye Itorero EDPR asaba Urukiko rw'Ubujurire kudaha ishingiro ibisabwa na Ndahimana ahubwo rukamutegeka guha EDPR indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere zingana na 5.000.000 Frw n'iz’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zingana na 2.000.000 Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [39] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira : "Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [40] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Ndahimana Elisé asaba adakwiye kuyahabwa kuko atsindwa n’urubanza, naho EDPR ikwiye kugira ayo

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igenerwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko kuko ayo isaba ari umurengera, hagereranyijwe n’imigendekere y’urubanza, bityo bikaba bikwiye ko Urukiko rutegeka Ndahimana Elisé kuyishyura 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego yiyongera ku bindi yategetswe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z‘akarengane. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndahimana Elisé cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00158/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 26/01/2023, nta shingiro gifite. [42] Rutegetse Ndahimana Elisé kwishyura EGLISE DE DIEU DE LA PROPHETIE AU RWANDA (EDPR) amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.