NDAHIMANA v RWAGASANA

# NDAHIMANA v RWAGASANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-06-22 - Case/document no.: RCA00005/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NDAHIMANA v RWAGASANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCA00005/2023/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 22 Kamena 2023] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – gushinganisha umutungo – kugira ngo umuntu asabe ko umutungo w’undi ushinganishwa nuko usaba ko umutungo ushinganishwa agomba kugaragaza ko nyirumutungo amufitiye umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa, cyangwa akaba atinya ko yawurigisa. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – guca urubanza ku kitararegewe – Kuba Urukiko rwakoresha amagambo atandukanye mu rubanza ariko hasuzumwa ikibazo kimwe ntibyafatwa nkaho Urukiko rwasumye ikitararegewe. Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza Mbonezamubano – indishyi mu kirego kihutirwa – Iyo ikiburanwa ari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku rubanza rw’iremezo, nta ndishyi izo arizo zose zitangwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ndahimana arega Rwagasana mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, asaba gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka no gusubizwa ikiguzi cyayo cya 4.568.00Frw; gutegeka Rwagasana kumwishyura 84.051.599Frw akubiyemo ayo iyo modoka yari kuba yakoreye mu gihe yamaze ihagaze, Urukiko mu rubanza RC00004/2021/TGI/NYG rwategetse ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa MITSUBISHI CANTER RAB 291 I, numero za chassis FE638E520140 ababuranyi bagiranye asheshwe, kubera kutayubahiriza ku ruhande rwa Rwagasana, rutegeka Rwagasana gusubirana imodoka ye, no gusubiza Ndahimana Ildephonse 4.568.000Frw bari baguze iyo modoka, amafaranga y’igihombo yamuteje n’indishyi zitandukanye. Rwagasana John yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubugure aseswa rugendeye ko imodoka yari ifite umwenda w’umusoro muri RRA hatagaragazwa niba RRA yaramenyesheje Rwagasana ko ayifitiye umusoro, ngo hashingirwa kandi ku nenge zihishe kandi Ndahimana yaragurishijwe imodoka yakoze ayizi yamaze no kuyisuzuma. Urukiko Rukuru, mu rubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG (Cmb 00006/2022/HC/RW), rwemeje ko urubanza RC00004/2021/TGI/NYG ruhindutse ku gaciro k’amasezerano no ku ndishyi, ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka hagati ya Rwagasana na Ndahimana agumanye agaciro kayo, ko Rwagasana akorerwa ihererekanya ry’imodoka baguze na Ndahimana ikamwandikwaho muri RRA; rutegeka Rwagasana kwishyura Ndahimana indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 9.170.000Frw. Urwo rubanza ruba Itegeko rurarangizwa, Imodoka nayo yaburanwaga yandikwa kuri Ndahimana. Ndahimana yasubirishijemo urubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG ingingo nshya, ikirego cye gihabwa RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG, hanyuma atanga n’ikirego cyihutirwa kigishamikiyeho asaba Urukiko gushinganisha imitungo itimukanwa ya Rwagasana mu gihe urwo rubanza rutaracibwa, anasaba a mafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka.

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Rwagasana yireguye avuga ko ikirego cyihutirwa cya Ndahimana nta shingiro gifite, kuko nta mwenda amufitiye, ko kandi ingingo nshya atanga itaremerwa n’Urukiko, akaba rero nta mpamvu yo gufatira imitungo y’ umuntu kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko. Nawe a yasabye amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, mu RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwemeje ko ikirego cyihuritwa cya Ndahimana nta shingiro gifite, ko imitungo ya Rwagasana itimukanwa yaregewe idatambamiwe. Ndahimana ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutahaye ishingiro ikirego cye gisaba gushinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana kugeza urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka kandi gifite ishingiro. Asaba kandi gutesha agaciro ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko rwaciye urubanza ku kitararegewe, kuko haregewe gushinganisha imitungo ariko Urukiko rufata icyemezo ko iyo mitungo idatambamiwe, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu manza n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Rwagasana yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndahimana nta shingiro bufite kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga icyemezo kijuririrwa, ko n’indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RCA00005/2023/CA rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndahimana nta shingiro bufite kuko usaba ko umutungo w’umuntu ushinganishwa agomba kuba amufitiye umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa, cyangwa akaba atinya ko yarigisa umutungo we kugira ngo namutsinda utazabura ubwishyu. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwaraciye urubanza ku kitarasabwe ku buryo rwateshwa agaciro, Urukiko rwemeje ko, kuba Urukiko Rukuru urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwarakoreshe ijambo gutambamira, ariko rwarasuzumaga ikibazo kijyanye no gushinganisha umutungo, bitaba impamvu yo gutesha agaciro urubanza rujuririrwa, ku mpamvu yuko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza kukitararegewe. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. kugira ngo umuntu asabe ko umutungo w’undi ushinganishwa nuko usaba ko umutungo ushinganishwa agomba kugaragaza ko nyirumutungo amufitiye umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa, cyangwa akaba atinya ko yawurigisa. Bityo, kuba nyirumutungo wishyuzwa afite imyenda y’undi muntu cyangwa hari undi muntu baburana imitungo ntyaba impamvu yo gufatira imitungo ye. 2.Kuba Urukiko rwakoresha amagambo atandukanye mu rubanza ariko hasuzumwa ikibazo kimwe ntibyafatwa nkaho Urukiko rwasumye ikitararegewe. Bityo kuba Urukiko rwakoresha itambamira ry’umutungo mu gihe haregewe isinganisha ry’umutungo ntibyafatwa nkaho Urukiko rwaciye urubanza ku kitararegewe. 3.Iyo ikiburanwa ari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku rubanza rw’iremezo, nta ndishyi izo arizo zose zitangwa. Bityo, usaba indishyi, izsabira hamwe mu rubanza mu mizi. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 185, 212 Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RCOM 00001/2019/SC rwa Umurungi Umwizerwa n’Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/02/2019, haburana, igika cya 26. Urubanza RCOM 00003/2022/CA rwa Top Tower Hotel Ltd n’abandi na Bpr Atlas Mara Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/05/2022, igika cya 22. Urubanza RCOMA 00006/2022/CA rwa Nzirorera Cyprien na Muhimpundu Rosine rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/05/2022, igika cya 26 Urubanza. I. MITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ndahimana Ildephonse yareze Rwagasana John mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, asaba gusesa amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka MITSUBISHI CANTER RAB291I yo ku wa 24/07/2018, no gusubiza ikiguzi cyayo cya 4.568.000Frw ; gutegeka Rwagasana John kumwishyura 84.051.599 Frw. Urubanza rwahawe RC00004/2021/TGI/NYG, maze ku wa 10/12/202, Urukiko rutegeka ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa MITSUBISHI CANTER RAB 291 I, numero za chassis FE638E520140 ababuranyi bagiranye yo ku wa 24/07/2018 asheshwe, kubera kutayubahiriza kwa Rwagasana John, rutegeka Rwagasana John gusubirana imodoka ye, no gusubiza Ndahimana Ildephonse 4.568.000Frw bari baguze iyo modoka, amafaranga y’igihombo yamuteje n’indishyi zitandukanye. [2] Urwo rubanza rwajuririwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, maze mu rubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG (Cmb 00006/2022/HC/RW) rwaciwe 29/07/2022, rwemeza ko urubanza RC00004/2021/TGI/NYG rwo ku wa 10/12/2021 ruhindutse ku gaciro k’amasezerano no ku ndishyi, ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’imodoka yo ku wa 24/07/2018 hagati ya Rwagasana John na Ndahimana Ildephonse agumanye agaciro kayo, ko Rwagasana John akorerwa ihererekanya ry’imodoka MITSUBISHI CANTER RAB291I na Ndahimana Ildephonse ikamwandikwaho muri RRA; rutegeka Rwagasana John kwishyura Ndahimana Ildephonse indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 9.170.000Frw. Urwo rubanza rwarangijwe ku wa 13/02/2023, Ndahimana Ildephonse ahari yishyurwa ayo mafaranga, Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga hamwe n’umugenagaciro bakoreshejwe nabo barishyurwa, Imodoka nayo yaburanwaga yandikwa kuri Ndahimana Ildephonse. [3] Ku wa 19/02/2023, Ndahimana Ildephonse yasubirishijemo urubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG ingingo nshya, ikirego cye gihabwa RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG, hanyuma atanga ikirego cyihutirwa kigishamikiyeho asaba Urukiko gushinganisha imitungo ya Rwagasana John ibaruye kuri UPI 5/02/06/01/301; UPI 5/02/03/06/1290; UPI 5/02/03/11/1483;

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UPI 5/02/13/01/10; UPI 5/02/03/06/1292 na UPI/1/03/10/01/184 mu gihe urwo rubanza rutaracibwa, ashingira ikirego cye ku ngingo ya 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi,iz’umurim o n’iz’ubutegetsi, anasaba 1.590.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [4] Rwagasana John yireguye avuga ko ikirego cyihutirwa cya Ndahimana Ildephonse nta shingiro gifite, kuko nta mwenda amufitiye, ko kandi ingingo nshya atanga itaremerwa n’Urukiko, akaba rero nta mpamvu yo gufatira imitungo y’ umuntu kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko. Mu kirego kiregera kwiregura yasabye 1.500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [5] Ku wa 11/04/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwaciye urubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwemeza ko ikirego cyihuritwa cya Ndahimana Ildephonse nta shingiro gifite, ko imitungo ya Rwagasana John igizwe na UPI 5/02/06/01/301; UPI 5/02/03/06/1290; UPI 5/02/03/11/1483; UPI 5/02/13/01/10; UPI 5/02/03/06/1292 na UPI/1/03/10/01/184, yaregewe idatambamiwe. Ruvuga ko ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza ihwanye n’ibyakozwe. [6] Ndahimana Ildephonse ntiyishimiye icyo cyemezo cyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, akijuririra muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RCA00005/2023/CA. [7] Urubanza rwahamagajwe ku wa 05/06/2023, Ndahimana Ildephonse yitabye ariko atunganiwe, naho Rwagasana John yunganiwe na Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugene, urubanza rwimwurirwa ku wa 12/06/2023 kugira ngo Ndahimana Ildephonse ashake Avoka wo kumwunganira. Kuri iyo tariki, urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame, Ndahimana Ildephonse yunganiwe na Me Hakizimana Jean Nepomuscene, naho Rwagasana John yunganiwe nka mbere. [8] Muri make Ndahimana Ildephonse avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rutahaye ishingiro ikirego cye gisaba gushinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana John kugeza urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka kandi gifite ishingiro. Asaba kandi gutesha agaciro ibyemezo byafashwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kuko rwaciye urubanza ku kitararegewe, kuko haregewe gushinganisha imitungo ariko Urukiko rufata icyemezo ko iyo mitungo idatambamiwe, anasaba indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa mu manza n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Rwagasana John yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Ndahimana Ildephonse nta shingiro bufite kuko atagaragaza icyo anenga icyemezo kijuririrwa, ko n’indishyi asaba nta shingiro zifite. [9] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko rurasanga ibibazo bigize impaka bigomba gusuzumwa ari ibi bikurikira : Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ryo kudashinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana John kugeza urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka ; Kumenya niba mu rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG urukiko rwaraciye urubanza ku kitarasabwe ku buryo rwateshwa agaciro ; Kumenya niba indishyi z’akababaro n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza Ndahimana Ildephonse asaba afite ishingiro.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba hari ikosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze ryo kudashinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana John kugeza urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka [10] Ndahimana Ildephonse n’umwunganira bavuga ko mu rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 11/04/2023, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, runemeza ko imitungo ya Rwagasana John ibaruye kuri UPI5/02/06/01/301; UPI 5/02/03/06/1290; UPI 5/02/03/11/1483; UPI 5/02/13/01/10; UPI 5/02/03/06/1292 na UPI/1/03/10/01/184 idatambamiwe, akaba asanga icyo cyemezo kitahabwa agaciro kubera impamvu zitandukanye, zirimo kuvugisha ingingo 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishiriz e y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ibyo itavuga, ko urwo Rukiko rwirengagije ishingiro ry’ubwihutirwe bw’ikirego n’impamvu zabwo, n’imanza zihutirwa zaciwe zisa n’uru, ndetse runirengagiza ko kuva urubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka ku wa 30/08/2022, imitungo ya Rwagasana John yashinganishijwe mu manza zihutirwa RC00005/2021/TGI/NYG na RCA00007/2021/HC/RWG yavanyweho ishinganishwa, aho kuba ryarakuweho na Ndahimana ku wa 13/02/2023, nk’uko Urukiko rwabivuze. [11] Bavuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutesha agaciro ibyemezo byose byafashwe mu rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG, rukemeza ko imitungo ya Rwagasana John yagaragajwe ishinganishwa kugeza urubanza rw’iremezo RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubaye ndakuka cyangwa ababuranyi bahisemo gukemura ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza mu bwumvikane, nk`uko biteganya n`ingingo 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, kubera ko Urukiko rudategetse ko iyo mitungo ishinganishwa, Ndahimana yazabura (yazahomba) ubwishyu bw’indishyi zategekwa aramutse atsinze urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG, kandi akaba yizeye itsinzi, kuko n`imanza10 zarubanjirije yazitsinze, harimo n’urubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG, rugomba gusubirishwamo ingingo shya. Bavuga ko ubwihutirwe bw’uru rubanza bushingiye ku ngingo ya 212 y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru ubwayo kubera gutinya ko Rwagasana John yarigis a imitungo ye agamije ko n’aramuka atsinzwe, irangizarubanza ry’urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rizananirana. [12] Bakomeza bavuga ko basanga gushinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana John byihutirwa, kugira ngo atavaho ayamburwa n’urubanz a rw’imitungo afitanye n’uwahoze ari umugore we, Murorunkwere Jeanne, urubanza rwabo rukaba rugeze mu bujurire bwa mbere, mu Rukiko Rukuru, cyangwa akayamburwa na RURA, afitiye imyenda. Uyu mwenda kugeza ubu ukaba waratumye Ndahimana Ildephonse atabyaza umusaruro imodoka yahawe ku wa 13/02/2023, kubera ko RURA yimanye uruhushya rwo kwikorera imizigo (autorisation de transport de marchandises) kubera ko Rwagasana John yanze kuyishyura umwenda ayifitiye ujyanye n`imodoka RAB291I, yagurishije Ndahimana Ildephonse. [13] Bavuga na none ko basanga ibikenewe byose kugira ngo imitungo ya Rwagasana John ishinganishwe bihari, birimo :ikirego cyihutirwa kibisaba,ikirego cy’iremezo RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG kitaraburanishwa gishamikiye ho ikirego cyihutirwa, ingingo za 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, gihamya cyatanzwe na RLMUA cy’uko imitungo isabirwa gushinganishwa yanditse kuri Rwagasana John, kuba hari urubanz a

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Rwagasana John afitanye na MURORUNKERE Jeanne, rushobora kumwambura imitungo cyangwa akayamburwa na RURA afitiye imyenda. [14] Rwagasana John n’umwunganira bavuga ko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwabyemeje mu rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG, ibyo gushinganisha imitungo Ndahimana Ildephonse asaba bidakwiye gahabwa ishingiro nk’uko Urukiko rwabyanzuye rushingiye ku kuba, Ndahimana Ildephonse ashingira ikirego cye ku kirego cy’iremezo no RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG

cyo

gusubirishamo

ingingo

nshya

urubanza RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG (urwo rubanza rwarangijwe burundu), iyo ngingo nshya ikaba itaremerwa n’Urukiko bivuze ko n’umwenda aburana utaraba ndashidikanywaho kandi utaragera igihe cyo kwishyurwa cyane ko, urwo urubanz a asubirishamo ingingo nshya ubwe yivugira ko, rwarangijwe burundu akaba yarishyuwe n’indishyi yagenewe muri urwo rubanza akazemera, akandikira Umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka asaba ko, iyo mitungo aregera na none yari yaratambamiye ivanwaho itambama kuko nta kibazo agifitanye na Rwagasana John kandi akabikora yaramaze gutanga icyo kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza, bikaba bigaragaza na none ko, we ubwe nta mpamvu yari agifite yo kongera gutambamira iyo mitungo, bivuze rero ko nta bwihutirwe buhari bwo gukomeza kuyitambamira, akaba rero atahindukira ngo avuge ko ashaka ko, imitungo yongera gutambamirwa nta gishya azanye. [15] Bavuga kandi ko urubanza Ndahimana Ildephonse yatsinzemo Rwagasana John ari narwo asubirishamo, Rwagasana John yashyize mu bikorwa ibyo yategetswe n’Urukiko nta gahato kandi nta mutungo we utejwe cyamunara, ko ibyo nabyo bigaragaza ko, ubwihutirwe n’impungenge Ndahimana Ildephonse avuga ntaho zishingiye. Kubera izo mpamvu, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 32, igika, cya 2 y’ Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, Urukiko rwasanze nta mpamvu ihari yo gutambamira imitungo ya Rwagasana John. Bityo ko basanga ubu bujurire bwa Ndahimana Ildephonse budakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko ntacyo agaragaza anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko ajurira. Ndetse n’ibyo Ndahimana Ildephonse avuga ko Rwagasana yarangije urubanza ku gitutu cy’Umuhesha w’inkiko bikaba atari ukuri nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa Rwagasana yandikiye Ndahimana Ildephonse amugaragariz a uburyo yiteguye kurangiza urubanza ku neza ariko akamubuza asubiza ko we atishimiye ibyavuye mu rubanza. [16] Bavuga na none ko bashingiye ku ngingo 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru; aho mu gace kayo ka 5 na 6 iteganya ko “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira:……5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko; ....” basanga ibisabwa na Ndahimana Ildephonse bidakwiye guhabwa ishingiro kuko ntacyo Ndahimana Ildephonse agaragaza anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko mu rubanza rujuririrwa. Bityo ko asaba Urukiko rwajuririwe gukomeza kwemeza ko ibisabwa na Ndahimana Ildephonse nta shingiro bifite nk’uko bari babigaragaje mu rubanza rujuririrwa aho bagaragazaga ko Ndahimana Ildephonse nyuma y’uko atanze ikirego RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG ku wa 16/01/2023 ; ku wa 13/03/2023 yaje gukora inyandiko ivuga ko ikibazo yari afitanye na Rwagasana John cyarangiye, maze akuraho n’itambamira ryari ku mitungo ya Rwagasana John. Bakaba basanga rero nyuma y’iyo nyandiko yemeza ko ikibazo cyakemutse

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yakozwe ku wa 13/02/2023, nyuma y’uko hatangwa ikirego cy’iremezo ku wa 16/01/2023, bigaragaza ko iki kirego cyihutirwa nta shingiro gifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ikibazo nyamukuru muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ubujurire ku rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwemeje ko ikirego cyihutirwa cyatanzwe na Ndahimana Ildephonse kigamije gusaba ko imitungo ya Rwagasana John ishinganishwa nta shingiro gifite kigomba guhinduka, iyo mitungo igashinganishwa kugeza ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya kiri mu Rukiko kiburanishijwe kikaba itegeko. [18] Ingingo ya 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Umuntu uberewemo umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa cyangwa se utinya ko uwo baburana yarigisa umutungo we agamije kuburizamo irangiza ry’urubanza, ashobora gusaba urukiko rwaregewe ko umutungo w’uwo baburana ushinganishwa cyangwa hagatangwa ingwate y'amafaranga ingana n'agaciro k'ikiburanwa kugeza igihe urubanza rw'iremezo rubaye ndakuka cyangwa ababuranyi bahisemo kurangiza ikibazo mu bwumvikane. Icyo kirego gitangwa kandi kigafatirwa umwanzuro mu buryo bw'ibirego byihutirwa”. [19] Urukiko rusesenguye ibivugwa muri iyi ngingo rusanga yumvikanisha ko kugira ngo umuntu asabe ko umutungo w’undi ushinganishwa nuko uwo asaba ko umutungo ushinganishwa agomba kuba amufitiye umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa, cyangwa akaba atinya ko yarigisa umutungo we kugira ngo namutsinda uzabure ubwishyu. Mu yandi magambo usaba ko umutungo w’undi muntu ushinganishwa afite inshingano zo kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko amufitiye umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa cyangwa akagaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko uwo baburana ashobora kurigisa umutungo, ni ukuvuga ashaka kuwikuraho ku bushake bwe kugira ngo uwo baburana namutsinda azabure ubwishyu. [20] Imikirize y’urubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwasanze kuba Ndahimana Ildephonse ashingira ikirego cye ku kirego cy’iremezo RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG

cyo

gusubirishamo

ingingo

nshya

urubanza

No RCA00005/2022/HC/RWG rwarangijwe burundu, iyo ngingo nshya ikaba itaremerwa n’ Urukiko bivuze ko n’ umwenda aburana utaraba ndashidikanywaho kandi utaragera igihe cyo kwishyurwa cyane ko, urwo urubanza asubirishamo ingingo nshya ubwe yivugira ko rwarangijwe burundu akaba yarishyuwe n’indishyi yagenewe muri urwo rubanza akazemera, akandikira umubitsi w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka asaba ko iyo mitungo aregera na none yari yaratambamiye ivanwaho itambama kuko nta kibazo agifitanye na Rwagasana John bigakorwa kandi akabikora yaramaze gutanga icyo kirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza bigaragaza na none ko, we ubwe nta mpamvu yari agifite yo kongera gutambamira iyo mitungo bivuze rero ko nta bwihutirwe buhari bwo gukomeza kuyitambamira, akaba rero atahindukira ngo avuge ko ashaka ko imitungo yongera gutambamirwa nta gishya azanye.

## Page 8

[21] Urukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru no byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rurasanga nk’uko urwo Rukiko rwabibonye nta mpamvuimitungo ya Rwagasana John yari gushinganishwa ku mpamvu zikurikira: Icya mbere, kuba hari ikirego cyo gusubirashamo urubanza ingingo nshya kitaraburanishwa, ngo bigaragare ko cyakiriwe ko kandi gifite ishingiro, ibyo bigaragaza ko nta mwenda udashidikanywaho Rwagasana John abereyemo Ndahimana Ildephonse, ibi kandi Ndahimana Ildephonse nawe yabyiyemereye imbere y’uru Rukiko mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 12/06/2023, avuga ko nta mwenda udashidikanywaho Rwagasana John amubereyemo. Icya kabiri nuko ibyo Ndahimana Ildephonse ashingiraho avuga ko Rwagasana John yarigisa umutungo we agamije kuburizamo irangiza ry’urubanza nta shingiro byahabwa kuko urubanza yasubirishijemo ingingo nshya rwamaze kurangizwa , kandi kuba Rwagasana John yarishyuye ibyo yari yategetswe n’Urukiko, ibyo bigaragaza ko niyo yagira ibindi ategekwa, nubwo kugeza ubu ntabyo arategekwa, nabyo yabyishyura, cyane ko Ndahimana Ildephonse atabasha kugaragaza uburyo Rwagasana John ashaka kwikuraho imitungo ye mu rwego rwo kugira ngo Ndahimana azabure ubwishyu naramuka amutsinze; bikaba rero bitumvikana uburyo umutungo wa Rwagasana John washinganishwa hashingiwe ku bintu birimo gushidikanya gukabije, kandi bishobora no kutazabaho (hypothétique). [22] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Ndahimana Ildephonse ashingiraho avuga ko gushinganisha imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasana John byihutirwa, ari uko Rwagasana John yakwamburwa iyo mitungo aramutse atsinzwe urubanz a rw’imitungo afitanye n’uwahoze ari umugore we Murorunkwere Jeanne urubanza rwabo rukaba rugeze mu bujurire bwa mbere, mu Rukiko Rukuru , cyangwa akayamburwa na RURA, afitiye imyenda, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko kuba aburana n’umugore we cyangwa kuba yaba afite RURA imyenda ntaho bihuriye no kurigisa umutungo bivugwa mu ngingo ya 212 yavuzwe haruguru, uretse n’ibyo nta nubwo agaragaza ingaruka z’urwo rubanza ku mitungo ya Rwagasana John no ku bwishyu bw’umwenda kugeza ubu adashobora kugaragaza, nta nubwo agaragaza ko muri urwo rubanza ko hari imitungo Rwagasana John ashobora kwamburwa n’iyo ashobora gusigarana, n’uburyo iyo ashobora gusigarana itavamo ubwishyu bw’umwenda kugeza ubu utazwi. Rurasanga kandi atagaragaza umwenda Rwagasana John abereyemo RURA ko kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa ku buryo ubwishyu bwashakirwa muri iyo mitungo ye, n’iyo kandi uwo mwenda waba uhari, ntabwo agaragaza ko ari we ufite uburenganzira bwo kwishyurwa mbere ya RURA, ahubwo avuga gusa ngo ashobora kwamburwa na RURA. [23] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ntacyo Ndahimana Ildephonse agaragaza anenga ibyashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana mu rubanza rujuririrwa ; bityo ibyo Ndahimana Ildephonse asaba ko imitungo ya Rwagasana John ishinganishwa nta shingiro bifite nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa. 2.Kumenya niba mu rubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG urukiko rwaraciye urubanza ku kitarasabwe ku buryo rwateshwa agaciro [24] Ndahimana Ildephonse n’umwunganira bavuga ko bashingiye ku ngingo ya 10 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ko umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri cyo cyonyine, ku ngingo ya 6, igika 1 y’iryo Tegeko, ivuga ko ikiburanwa kigenwa n’ibisabwa na buri mu buranyi kandi ko ibisabwa bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera urukiko n’imyanzuro yo kwiregura, bigashimanagirwa burundu mu nama ntegurarubanz a

## Page 9

ku manza iteganyijwemo, asanga izi ngingo z`amategeko zivuzwe hajuru, zumvikanisha ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira: 1. Ko umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri cyo cyonyine kandi ko ikiburanwa kigenwa n`ibisabwa, bigaragarira mu myanzuro iregera /cyangwa yiregura y`ababuranyi. 2. Ko mu ica ry`urubanza, urukiko rutemerewe guhindura ikiburanwa rwaregewe cyangwa ngo rufate icyemezo kucyo rutaregewe. 3. Ko icyemezo cyafatwa n`urukiko kitajyanye n`icyasabwe nta gaciro kigira. Bityo akaba asanga kuba mu gika cya 17, urukiko rwarafashe icyemezo cy`uko imitungo ya Rwagasana ifite UPI 5/02/06/01/301; UPI 5/02/03/06/1290; UPI 5/02/03/11/1483; UPI 5/02/13/01/10; UPI 5/02/03/06/1292 na UPI/1/03/10/01/184 idatambamiwe, iki cyemezo nta shingiro cyahabwa, kigomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko : Urukiko rwafashwe icyemezo ku kirego rutaregewe cyo gutambamira umutungo kivugwa mu ngingo ya 213 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru), mu gihe Ndahimana Ildephonse yaregeye ishinganisha ry`imwe mu mitungo ya Rwagasanariteganywa mu ngingo ya 212 ’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, kugeza igihe urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG rubereye ndakuka, hagamije gukumira ko Ndahimana itazabura ubwishyu, Rwagasana naramuka atsinzwe n`urubanza RCA00002/2023/HC/RWG. [25] Basobanura ko Urukiko rwahinduye ikirego cyaregewe (gushinganis ha umutungo), rufata icyemezo ku itambamira ry’umutungo, icyemezo kitari mu bubasha bwarwo, kuko gutambamira umutungo biri mu bubasha bw’Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’ubutaka, nk’uko biteganywa n`ingingo ya 213 y ’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, aho igira iti: “Uberewem o umwenda wese cyangwa umuntu wese ubifitemo inyungu, ashobora gusaba umubitsi w`inyandikompamo z`ubutaka , ushinzwe ubutaka ku murenge cyangwa ku karere w`aho ikibiranwa kiri kubuza umubereyemo umwenda gukora ihinduzamutungo ry`ibintu bye bitimukanwa. Icyakora iyo ataregewe umwenda we mu rukiko ku gihe kitarenze ukwezi kumwe abisabye, ikibazo cye kigamije gutambamira ihinduzamutungo kiburiramo”. Kuba Umubitsi w’Inyandikompamo z’Ubutaka ariwe ufite ububasha bwo gutambamira no gukura itambamira k’umutungo ryasabwe, biteganywa kandi n`ingingo ya 74, y`itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka. Uhagarariye Rwagasana John ntabwo yireguye kuri iyi ngingo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Kuri iki kibazo nubwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwakoreshe ijambo gutambamira, ariko mu by’ukuri ikibazo rwasuzumye n’ikijyanye no gushinganisha. Ibi bigaragazwa nuko mu gika cya 9 rwasuzumye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 212 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ibijyanye no gushinganisha, maze no mu gika cya 10 cy’urubanza rujurirwa ruyirebera hamwe n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 185 y’iri Tegeko ivuga iby’ikirego cyihutirwa, ruzirebeye hamwe rusanga hagomba kurebwa niba hari ubwihutirwe bw’ikigomba gufatirwa kugira ngo harengerwe inyungu z’ umuburanyi ku rubanza aburana, kimwe no kuba hari umwenda udashidikanywaho kandi ugejeje igihe cyo kwishyurwa cyangwa gutinya ko, urubanza ruciwe hataboneka ubwishyu. Urukiko rurasanga rero, nubwo Urukiko rwakoresheje ijambo gutambama, ariko rwasuzumye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 212 y’Itegeko’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru ivuga ibijyanye no gushinganisha umutungo, rukaba rusanga ibyo Ndahimana Ildephonse asaba ko urubanza rwateshwa agaciro ngo kuko Urukiko rwaciye urubanza kukitararegewe nta shingiro bifite.

## Page 10

3.Kumenya niba indishyi z’akababaro n’amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza NDAHIMANA Ildephonse asaba afite ishingiro [27] Ndahimana Ildephonse n’umwunganira bavuga ko uburiganya bwa Rwagasana John bwo kumugurisha imodoka irimo imyenda kandi igenda ipfa aribwo bwateje izi manza, ko rero basaba Urukiko kumutegeka kumwishyura indishyi z’akababaro zo gushorwa muri uru rubanza zihwanye na 2.500.000Frw. [28] Bavuga kandi ko basaba Urukiko gutegeka Rwagasana John kumwishyura 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka, 700.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, 80.000Frw y’ingwate y’igarama ry’Urukiko, 50.000Frw y’igihembo cy’umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga washyikirije Rwagasana John imyanzuro iregera Urukiko nk’uko agaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubutumwa bwo kunganirwa mu rukiko afite agaciro 1.500.000Frw, inyandiko igaragaza igwate 80.000Frw y’igarama yatanzwe kugira ngo ikirego cyakirwe, n’inyandiko y’Umuhesha w’inkiko w’umwuga imenyesha Rwagasana imyanzuro y’ikirego. [29] Rwagasana John n’umwunganira bavuga ko indishyi Ndahimana Ildephonse asaba nta shingiro zifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [30] Urukiko rurasanga nta ndishyi zigomba gutangwa muri uru rubanza, kuko ikiburanishwa muri uru rubanza ari ikirego cyihutirwa gishamikiye ku rubanza rw’iremezo ruri mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, ku buryo icyemezo gifatwa ari icyemezo cy’agateganyo mu gihe hategerejwe icyemezo cya burundu kizafatwa mu iburanisha ry’urwo rubanza rw’iremezo. Ibi ni nako Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwabibonye mu rubanza RCOM00001/2019/SC1, ndetse n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza RCOM00003/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 11/05/20222, no murubanza RCOMA00006/2022/CA3. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [31] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cyatanzwe na Ndahimana Ildephonse nta shingiro gifite. [32] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC00004/2023/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 11/04/2023, idahindutse. [33] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. 1Reba urubanza N° RCOM 00001/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 22/02/2019, haburana UMURUNGI Umwizerwa n’Ikigo cy’Imisoro n’Amahôro, igika cya 26. 2Reba urubanza Nº RCOM 00003/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 11/05/2022, TOP TOWER HOTEL Ltd n’abandi baburana na BPR ATLAS MARA Plc, igika cya 22. 3Reba urubanza Nº RCOMA 00006/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/05/2022, haburana NZIRORERA Cyprien na MUHIMPUNDU Rosine, igika cya 26.