Ndahiro v Muhabwampundu

# Ndahiro v Muhabwampundu

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-04-11 - Case/document no.: RCA00005/2021/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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MUHABWAMPUNDU v NDAHIRO [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA NYANZA – RCA00005/2021/HC/NYZ (Nkundabatware, P.J.) 11 Mata 2022] Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – amasezerano y’ubugure – ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – Umuburanyi uvuga ko ibivugwa mu masezerano ataribyo by’ukuri yari agamije, agomba kubigaragariza ibimenyetso Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – amasezerano y’ubugure – ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – ihererekanyamutungo – Nyir’ umutungo utimukanwa ukoreye undi ihererekanyamutungo ashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure, ntiyahindukira ngo avuge ko Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda cyakoze ikosa ryo kwemera iryo hererekanyamutungo kuko ugurisha niwe ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza amakuru yose ajyanye niryo hererekanyamutungo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ndahiro arega Muhabwampundu mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba Urukiko kumutegeka kuva mu nzu baguze kuko yamwishyuye ikiguzi cyose bumvikanye ndetse nawe akamukorera ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka (mutation) ariko akaba ngo yaranze kuva muri iyo nzu. Muhabwampundu we avuga ko iyo nzu asabwa gusohorwamo ari iye, kandi ko batayiguze nk’uko Ndahiro Corneille abivuga, ko amafaranga yamuhaye ari ayo yamugurije. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00102/2020/TGI/MHG, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Ndahiro gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Muhabwampundu asohorwa mu nzu yagurishije runamutegeka kwishyura indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko rwashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure no kuba yaramukoreshereje mutation imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka. Muhabwampundu yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko atagurishije inzu ye Ndahiro ahubwo ko yamugurije amafaranga bandikirana ko baguze inzu ariko ngo bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura ayo mafaranga. Asaba Urukiko ko rwashishoza rukareba niba hatarabayeho uburiganya bushingiye mu gukora amasezerano ashingiye ku bushake bw’umwe mubayakoranye undi agahatirwa kuyemera hashingiwe ku bukene yari afite. Yasabye kandi ko Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda yagobokeshwa mu rubanza kugira ngo asobanure ibijyanye n’ihererakanya mutungo ryakozwe ridakurikije amategeko. Ndahiro we avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe yubahirijwe amategeko kandi nyuma yuko yishyuye ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo, nyir’umutungo yamukoreye ihererekanya mutungo kuneza nta gahato yashyizweho, asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kigumana agaciro kacyo. Urubanza rwaburanishijwe umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda atitabye ariko yarahamagajwe mu buryo bukurikije Amategeko kadi yaratanze n’imyanzuro avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa akorerwa imbere ya noteri, bivuze ko ngo abajya gusinya baba babyemera. Avuga ko Niba rero

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Muhabwampundu yarasinye amasezerano y’ubugure hagakorwa na mutation ntaho yahera avuga ko ari ingwate yari yatanze. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00005/2021/HC/NYZ rwemeje ko ibyo Muhabwampundu avuga ko atagurishije ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura amafaranga yamugurije, bitahabwa ishingiro kuko ntaho bigaragara muri ayo masezerano kandi ko nta n’andi masezerano yabashije kugaragaza yemeza ko Ndahiro yaba yaramugurije amafaranga. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba avuga ko ihererekanya ry’ubutaka ryakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya kuko Nkurikiyimfura umugabo we yasinye kuri iyo nyandiko y’ihererekanya kwa Noteri yarapfuye, Urukiko rwemeje ko bitahabwa ishingiro kuko ariwe wagize uruhare rwo gutuma bahererekanya ubutaka, bityo akaba ariwe wari ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza ko atakiriho, Urukiko rwemeje ko ibyo bitabazwa Ndahiro cyangwa Noteri cyangwa ngo bibazwe Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda. Urukiko Rukuru kandi rwemeje ko Indishyi z’umusaruro ukomoka k’umutungo uburanwa zitatangwa kuko Ndahiro uzisaba atazigaragariza ibimenyetso, rwemeje ariko ko igihembo cya Avoka gitangwa ku k’igero cya ½ cyayo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere iyo Avoka yakomeje kuba umwe mu manza zose. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi uvuga ko ibivugwa mu masezerano ataribyo by’ukuri yari agamije, agomba kubigaragariza ibimenyetso. Bityo, umuburanyi uvuga ko amasezerano yakoze atari ay’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa ahubwo ari ay’ingwate kandi uwo yagurishije yaranamukoreye ihererekanyamutungo iyo atabashije kubitangira ibimenyetso aratsindwa. 2. Nyir’ umutungo utimukanwa ukoreye undi ihererekanyamutungo ashingiye ku masezerano y’ubugure, ntiyahindukira ngo avuge ko Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda cyakoze ikosa ryo kwemera iryo hererekanyamutungo kuko ugurisha niwe ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza amakuru yose ajyanye niryo hererekanyamutungo. Bityo, umwe mu basangiye umutungo ntiyavuga ko mu gihe hakorwaga ihererekanyamutungo, uwo bawusangiye yari yarapfuye kandi atarabigaragaje. 3. Igihembo cya Avoka mu rwego rw’Ubujurire ni ½ cy’igihembo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere, iyo ari Avoka umwe waburanye ku nzego zose. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, Ingingo ya 18, 23 Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 12,115 Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano Ingingo ya 64, 73 Itegeko N°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3

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Amabwiriza N° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka, ingingo ya 26 igika cya 3. Imanza zifashshijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/SC rwa Ndabarinze Bukambiza Emmanuel na Kavunderi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 27/11/2020. Urubanza. I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Tariki ya 01/12/2019, Muhabwampundu Rosette yagiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 2/07/12/04/5586, iherereye mu mudugudu wa Gakombe, akagari ka Ruli, umurenge wa Shyogwe na Ndahiro Corneille ku mafaranga 35,000,000, abanza kumwishyura 25,000,000 andi 10,000,000FRW akazayamwishyura akoresheje sheki bamaze gukora mutation. Tariki ya 15/12/2019, yakiriye sheki y’amafaranga 10,000,000 yari yasigaye agura inzu ye, bahererekanya uwo mutungo, wandikwa kuri Ndahiro 100%. [2] Ndahiro Corneille yaregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga avuga ko nyuma y’uko yishyuye ikiguzi cyose ndetse akanakorerwa ihererekanya ry’umutungo, Muhabwampundu Rosette yamusabye ko yamuha amezi atatu yo kuzava mu nzu, icyo gihe gishize ntiyayivamo yitwaje Coronavirus. Tariki ya 04/09/2020 yamwandikiye amusaba kumuvira mu nzu, ariko ntiyabikora ariyo mpamvu yaregeye Urukiko kugirango rutange icyemezo kimusohora ku ngufu. Muhabwampuyndu Rosette avuga ko iyo nzu asabwa gusohorwamo ari iye, kandi ko batayiguze nk’uko Ndahiro Corneille abivuga, ko amafaranga yamuhaye ari ayo yamugurije. [3] Mu guca urubanza RC00102/2020/TGI/MHG, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwashingiye ko iyo nzu bayiguze nkuko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ubugure, yanageretseho kujya kumukoreshereza mutation imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndahiro Corneille gifite ishingiro, rutegeka ko Muhabwampundu Rosette asohorwa mu nzu yagurishije Ndahiro Corneille tariki ya 01/12/2019 akanamukoresherezaho mutation no kumwishyura indishyi z’amafaranga 720.000. [4] Muhabwampundu Rosette yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko atagurishije inzu ye Ndahiro Corneille ahubwo yaramugurije bandikiranwa ko baguze inzu nyamara ubwo bugure bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura amafaranga yamuhaye yose, ko ari ah’ubushishozi bw’urukiko kureba koko niba hatarabayeho uburiganya bushingiye mu gukora amasezerano ashingiye ku bushake bw’umwe mubayakoranye undi agahatirwa kuyemera hashingiwe ku bukene yari afite bw’amafaranga, asaba ko Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda yagobokeshwa mu rubanza kugira ngo isobanure ibijyanye n’ihererakanya mutungo ryakozwe ridakurikije amategeko. [5] Ndahiro Corneille avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe yubahirijwe amategeko kandi nyuma yuko yishyuye ikiguzi cyose cy’umutungo, nyir’umutungo yamukoreye ihererekanya

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mutungo kuneza nta gahato yashyizweho yigeze agaragariza urukiko, asaba ko icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kigumana agaciro kacyo, agasohoka mu nzu yagurishije ntayandi mananiza. Asaba igihembo cy’avoka 1,000,000FRW n’umusaruro wakabaye waravuye muri iyo nzu ungana na 10,000,000FRW n’amafaranga 500,000 y’ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure akorerwa imbere ya noteri ni ukuvuga ko abajya gusinya baba babyemera. Niba rero Muhabwampundu yarasinye amasezerano y’ubugure hagakorwa na mutation ntaho yahera avuga ko ari ingwate yari yatanze. Mu rwego rw’amategeko nyir’ubutaka n’ubumwanditseho, ko nyir’ubutaka ari ufite icyemezo cy’iyandikisha kandi akaba ari ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishirijwe mu ruhame tariki ya 07/03/2022, Muhabwampundu Rosette aburanirwa na Me Uwizera Zeno, Ndahiro Corneille aburanirwa na Me Murekatete Henriette naho Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza atitabye ariko yaramenyeshejwe itariki mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bisabwe n’uwajuriye n’uregwa ko urubanza rwaburanishwa adahari, rufata icyemezo cyo kuruburanisha adahari kuko atitabye urukiko nta nta mpamvu. [8] Ibibazo bigiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Urukiko rwarirengagije ko atagurishije inzu ye ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura amafaranga yamuhaye yose, kumenya niba Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda kitarakoze ibikwiye no kumenya niba hari indishyi zatangwa muri uru rubanza. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA A. Kumenya niba Urukiko rwarirengagije ko atagurishije inzu ye ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura amafaranga yamuhaye yose. [9] Me Uwizera Zeno uburanira Muhabwampundu avuga ko inzu ye atayimugurishije ahubwo kwari ukuyimuha mu maboko ye nk’ingwate kuko yari amugurije amafaranga, aho kwandika ko ayigwatirije, aramushuka ngo bandike ko bayiguze azayimusubiza namwishyura, nubwo habayeho amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse n’umutungo ugakorerwa mutation umwandikwaho, ko amasezerano akwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko adakurikije amategeko n’ihererekanya ry’umutungo ryakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya kuko Nkurikiyimfura Pascal umugabo we yasinye kuri iyo nyandiko y’ihererekanya kwa Noteri yarapfuye. [10] Ndahiro Corneille aburanirwa na Me Murekatete Henriette avuga ko ibivugwa n’urega ko habayeho uburiganya kugirango Ndahiro abone uriya mutungo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa kuko ari ikinyoma, nta buriganya bwabaye kuri Muhabwampundu, yaragurishije bikurikije amategeko, amasezerano ya mbere arakorwa tariki ya 01/12/2019, amwishyura igice kigizwe n’amafaranga 25,000,000, ku wa 15/12/2019 amasezerano yaje kuzuzwa amwishyura 10,000,000 yari yasigaye, barabisinyira, ko ayo masezerano adakwiye guteshwa agaciro kuko na nyir’umutungo yamukoreye ihererekanya kuneza nta gahato ashyizweho.

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Uko urukiko rubibona [11] Ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko N° 45/2011 ryo kuwa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ko ″amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye. Ashobora guseswa ari uko babyumvikanyeho cyangwa ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko. Agomba kubahirizwa nta buriganya .‶ [12] Mu gika cya 12 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe, Urukiko rwasanze icyifuzo cya Ndahiro Corneille usaba ko hafatwa icyemezo cy’uko Muhabwampundu Rosette asohorwa mu nzu baguze gifite ishingiro, kuko yashoboye kugaragaza gihamya ihagije kandi ifatika yerekana ko bayiguze koko, ko hari amasezerano y’ubugure ndetse n’ayo kwishyurwa amafaranga 10.000.000 yari asigaye, yanageretseho kujya kumukoreshereza mutation imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, aribyo byamuhesheje kwandikwaho uwo mutungo. Urukiko rugasanga ko rero iyo hajya kuba hari ubundi bwumvikane bwari kuba buhari bugamije gusubizanya uwo mutungo w’inzu wenda amushubije amafaranga, biba nabyo byarashyizwe mu nyandiko, cyangwa se ntibibe ngombwa ko bajya kwemeza amasezerano y’ubwo bugure kwa Notaire w’ubutaka, kuko ubusanzwe yemeza ubugure bw’ibyabayeho aho kwitabazwa mu bintu birimo uburiganya. Aho yavuze ko hari ibimenyetso bye byazashakwa muri MTN, rwasanze yararegeye urukiko ntabyo afite kandi byari mu nshingano ze. [13] Mu bujurire, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Nyanza rurasanga ingingo ya 73 y’Itegeko N°45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko “Iyo amasezerano cyangwa ingingo zayo birimo kubangamira uburenganzira bw’uruhande rumwe igihe amasezerano yakorwaga, uruhande rubangamiwe rushobora gusaba urukiko kwanga ko amasezerano arangizwa cyangwa kwemeza ko harangizwa ibisigaye ku masezerano hatarimo ingingo zirimo kubangamira uruhande rumwe”. Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko umuburanyi wumva yararyamiwe cyangwa yarahenzwe ku buryo bukabije mu masezerano yagiranye n’undi aba afite uburenganzira bwo gusaba Urukiko ko atarangiza ayo amasezerano cyangwa rugakuraho akarengane ku bitarayarangizwaho, ariko Muhabwampundu Rosette ntiyigeze aregera ayo masezerano agaragaza ko habayeho uburiganya, ahubwo Ndihiro niwe wamureze yanze kuva muri iyo nzu. [14] Nkuko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze abahanga mu mategeko bavuga ko nta kosa riba rihari iyo umwe mu bagiranye amasezerano ahenze undi, kuko ihame ari uko amategeko adakwiye kwivanga mu bwisanzure bw’abagirana amasezerano. Bavuga ko nta kuryamirwa cyangwa guhendwa ku buryo bukabije kuba kuriho igihe abagiranye amasezerano bemeranyije ku biyakubiyemo nta kwibeshya, uburiganya cyangwa agahato kuko bitabaye ibyo byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro k’amasezerano. Saul Litivinoff abivuga muri aya magambo y’icyongereza : “Nothing is wrong, if a more powerful, or more competent, or better-informed party, in the negotiation of a contract, succeeds in imposing on the other obligations that are in flagrant disproportion with the value of the advantages the other can expect from the contract. Thus, the principle of freedom of contract seems to lead to the conclusion that the law should not concern itself with the equivalence of reciprocal performances. From a more practical and less philosophical vantage point it can be added that a contrary conclusion would create a serious challenge to the stability of transactions. If his consent has been free from error, fraud, or duress, a party aggrieved

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by a lesionary contract should not be entitled to claim any other remedy”1 . Muri uru rubanza naho rurasanga ababuranyi baragiranye amasezerano mu bwisanzure, nta kosa rihari. [15] Urukiko rurasanga Muhabwampundu Rosette na Ndahiro Corneille, tariki ya 01/12/2019, baragiranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu iri mu kibanza gifite UPI: 2/07/12/04/5586, ikaba iherereye mu mudugudu wa Gakombe, akagari ka Ruli, umurenge wa Shyogwe ku mafaranga 35,000,000, abanza kumwishyura 25,000,000 andi 10,000,000 FRW ayamwishyura akoresheje sheki tariki ya 15/12/2019 bamaze gukora mutation, bahererekanya uwo mutungo, wandikwa kuri Ndahiro Corneille 100% nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 18 y’itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka, aho iteganya ko icyemezo cy’iyandikishwa ry’ubutaka ari ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [16] Urukiko rurasanga Muhabwampundu Rosette ubwe ariwe wasinye ku masezerano bwa mbere y’uko yakiriye amafaranga 25,000,000 akomoka ku nzu ye yari agurishije, yongera gusinya andi masererano yo kuwa 15/12/2019 y’uko yakiriye amafaranga 10,000,000 yari asigaye, yemera ko nta mwenda Ndahiro Corneille amusigayemo kuko amwishyuye amafaranga ye yose bari basezeranye amugurisha inzu. Ntagaragaza ko ajya gusinya ayo masezerano habayeho kwibeshya, uburiganya cyangwa agahato cyane ko umuvandimwe we Ukwiyimpundu Delphine ariwe wayanditse, abayagiranye hamwe n’abatangabuhamya batatu bayashyiraho umukono. Bityo rero, akaba atarabashije kugaragaza inenge ayo masezerano yombi afite byatuma ateshwa agaciro kuko yayashyizeho umukono nta gahato kamuriho, yongera no kuyashimangira ashyira umukono ku ihererekanya ry’ubutaka nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 23 y’itegeko N° 27/2021 ryo ku wa 10/06/2021 rigenga ubutaka2 . [17] Kuba avuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko atagurishije inzu ye ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kuyifatira ngo azayimusubize amaze kumwishyura amafaranga yamuhaye yose, rurasanga ibyo avuga atari ukuri kuko ntaho bigaragara muri ayo masezerano bagiranye, nta n’andi masezerano yabashije kugaragaza yemeza ko Ndahiro yaba yaramugurije amafaranga. Kuba avuga kandi ko ihererekanya ry’ubutaka ryakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya kuko Nkurikiyimfura Pascal umugabo we yasinye kuri iyo nyandiko y’ihererekanya kwa Noteri yarapfuye, nabyo rusanga bitahabwa ishingiro kuko ariwe wagize uruhare rwo gutuma bahererekanya ubutaka, ibyo bigaragazwa n’amasezerano y’ihererekanya ry’ubutaka ubwe yitangiye yakorewe imbere ya noteri aho umugabo we Nkurikiyimfura Pascal yayashyizeho umukono, akaba ariwe wari ufite inshingano zo kugaragaza ko atakiriho, ibyo bikaba bitabazwa Ndahiro cyangwa Noteri. [18] Aho Muhabwampundu Rosette avuga ko hari ibimenyetso byo muri MTN atabashije kubona ngo keretse ari Urukiko rubimusabiye, rurasanga ariwe wari ufite inshingano zo kubishaka, kuko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 12 y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye 1Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 27/11/2020, haburana NDABARINZE BUKAMBIZA Emmanuel na KAVUNDERI Jean, P.15, Par 33. 2Amasezerano y’ihererekanya ry’uburenganzira ku butaka akorwa mu nyandiko ishyirwaho umukono n’abahererekanya uburenganzira ku butaka, akemezwa kandi agahamywa n’umukono wa noteri w’ubutaka cyangwa undi munoteri ubihererwa uburenganzira n’umubitsi mukuru w’inyandikompamo z’ubutaka.

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imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Ibyo bituma imikirize y’urubanza RC00102/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kuwa 07/01/2021, rugategeka ko Muhabwampundu Rosette asohorwa mu nzu yagurishije Ndahiro Corneille hakoreshejwe ingufu z’amategeko idahinduka. B. Kumenya niba Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda kitarakoze ibikwiye [19] Me Uwizera Zeno uburanira Muhabwampundu Rosette avuga ko Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda cyasobanura ibijyanye n’ihererakanya ry’ubutaka ryakozwe ridakurikije amategeko kuko hari inenge ziri mu cyangombwa iki kigo cyatanze, hari procedure zirengagijwe zagombaga gukorwa mbere y’uko mutation ikorwa kuko ku cyangombwa hariho umuntu wapfuye batabanje kuwumukuraho, umutungo wari kubanza kwandikwa kuri Muhabwampundu Rosette kugirango awugurishe. [20] Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda mwanzuro we avuga ko amasezerano y’ubugure akorerwa imbere ya noteri, ni ukuvuga ko abajya gusinya baba babyemera, niba rero Muhabwampundu yarasinye amasezerano y’ubugure hagakorwa na mutation ntaho yahera avuga ko ari ingwate yari yatanze. Mu rwego rw’amategeko nyir’ubutaka n’ubumwanditseho, ko nyir’ubutaka ari ufite icyemezo cy’iyandikisha kandi akaba ari ikimenyetso ntashidikanywaho cy’uburenganzira ku butaka igihe cyose ubufite yabubonye mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Uko urukiko rubibona [21] Ingingo ya 115 y’itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ″Kugobokesha ku gahato umuburanyi mu rubanza bisabwa n’umuburanyi ushaka ko umuntu utari mu rubanza aruzanwamo kugira ngo na we aburane, hato atazatambamira imikirize yarwo. Umuburanyi ushaka kugobokesha undi muntu mu rubanza abigaragaza mu mwanzuro utanga ikirego cyangwa wo kwiregura, akabimenyesha ugobokeshwa. Icyakora, iyo habonetse impamvu yihariye ituma kugobokesha biba mu gihe cy’iburanisha, umucamanza ashobora kubisuzuma akabifataho icyemezo .‶ [22] Urukiko rurasanga Muhabwampundu Rosette ariwe wagize ubushake bwo kugurisha inzu ye nkuko yabikoreye amasezerano abiri atandukanye abihamya, niwe kandi wagize ubushake bwo gukora nyandiko ishyirwaho umukono n’abahererekanya uburenganzira ku butaka, ayo masezerano yemejwe kandi ahamywa n’umukono wa Noteri w’Ubutaka. Bityo rero, kuba yaragiranye amasezerano na Ndahiro Corneille bakagura inzu, ntibyafatwa nk’ikosa ryakozwe n’Ubuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe imicungire n’Imikoreshereze y’Ubutaka mu Rwanda kuko uwajuriye atabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko ayo masezerano yaba yarayakozwe mu buryo bw’uburiganya. Uko kugobokesha icyo kigo bikaba nta shingiro bifite. C. Ibyerekeye indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi

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[23] Ndahiro Corneille asaba ko Urukiko rwajuririwe rwamugenera indishyi zo mu bujurire ziyongera kuzatanzwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga zingana n’igihembo cy’avoka cya 1,000,000, umusaruro wakabaye waravuye mu nzu yagurishijwe ungana na 10.000.000FRW kuko yakabaye ikodeshwa cyangwa nyirayo wayiguze akayibamo, ndetse akanamuha amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 500.000FRW. [24] Muhabwampundu Rosette avuga ko indishyi Ndahiro asaba urukiko rutazimugenera kuko ariwe watumye izi manza bazinjiramo, iyo aza kwakira amafaranga ye yamugurije, ibi byose ntibiba biriho. Ubukode avuga ntabwo akwiye kuko atagaragaza ishingiro ryabwo. Igihembo cy’avoka cya 1,000,000frw nacyo kizamubarweho kuko ariwe wamuhaye akazi ngo amufashe uru rubanza. Ikurikiranarubanza rya 500,000frw ntabwo arigaragariza ibimenyetso. Uko urukiko rubibona [25] Ku mafaranga 10,000,000 y’umusaruro wakabaye waravuye mu nzu ikodeshwa, rurasanga ari nta shingiro zifite kuko Ndahiro Corneille atabashije kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana nkuko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 3 y’itegeko N°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ngo agaragaze ibimenyetso by’umusaruro winjizwa n’iyo nzu haba ku kwezi cyangwa ku mwaka. [26] Ku mafaranga 500.000 y’ikurikirana rubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka kingana 1,000,000FRW, rurasanga Me Murekatete Henriette ariwe wakurikiranye urubanza rwa Ndahiro Corneille aranaruburana, bityo Muhabwampundu Rosette akaba agomba kumwishyura igihembo cy’avoka kingana n’amafaranga 250,000 yiyongera ku mafaranga 500,000 yaciwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kuko hose ariwe wamuburaniye kandi ingingo ya 26 igika cya 3 y’Amabwiriza N° 01/2014 agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka, iteganya ko iyo habaye ubujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bashobora gusaba kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere, ikindi n’uko nta bimenyetso yagaragaje by’uko yaba yaramwishyuye arenze ayo yategetswe n’Urukiko. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Muhabwampundu Rosette nta shingiro gifite. [28] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC00102/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga kuwa 07/01/2021, rugategeka ko Muhabwampundu Rosette asohorwa mu nzu yagurishije Ndahiro Corneille hakoreshejwe ingufu z’amategeko no kumwishyura indishyi zingana n’amafaranga 720.000 idahindutse uretse indishyi ziyongereyeho. [29] Rutegetse Muhabwampundu Rosette kwishyura Ndahiro Corneille amafaranga 250,000 y’igihembo cy’avoka yiyongera kuyategetswe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, yose hamwe akaba ari amafaranga ibihumbi magana acyenda na mirongo irindwi (970,000FRW). [30] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’amagarama Muhabwampundu yatanze ajurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.