NDANGUZA v RUBAYIZA

NDANGUZA v RUBAYIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-07-22 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00017/2021/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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NDANGUZA v RUBAYIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00017/2021/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Nyirinkwaya na Hitiyaremye, J.) 22 Nyakanga 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza mbonezamubano – Ibimenyetso mu rubanza – Ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe – Ubuhamya bw’uwari uhari igikorwa kiba uvuga agendeye ku bumenyi bwe bw’ibyabaye no ku buryo abivuga uko byagenze ntacyo yihimbira, nibwo bufatwaho ukuri. Incamake y’ikibazo: Iki kibazo gikomoka ku isambu Rubayiza avuga ko yari iy’umuryango wabo mbere y’uko bahunga mu mwaka wa 1959 hanyuma bamaze guhunga iza kwigabizwa n’abantu batandukanye. Aho batahukiye abo bantu basubije iyo sambu ndetse na Ndanguza arayisubiza gusa aza kongera kuyigarurira mu gihe cy’iyandikwa ry’ubutaka kuko yahise ayiyandikishaho. Rubayiza yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku batangabuhamya rwemeza ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Rubayiza bityo ko igomba kumwandikwaho. Uregwa ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza bituma ajurira mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye arusaba gutesha agaciro urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rwabanje kuko ngo rwakiriwe rutaragombaga kwakirwa. Urwo rukiko rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere iteshejwe agaciro kuko ikirego Rubayiza yarezemo Ndanguza cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Rubayiza yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko impamvu zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye zo kutakira ikirego nta shingiro zifite. Rushingiye ku mvugo

z’abatangabuhamya b’impande zombi, Urukiko rwemeje ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Rubayiza rutegeka Ndanguza kumuha indishyi zitandukanye. Ibi ni byo byatumye Ndanguza yandikira Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba ko urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko rwaciwe hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese. Uru rubanza rwaje kongera kuburanishwa n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga hasuzumwa ingingo zirimo kumenya nyiri sambu ndetse n’indishyi zasabwe. Ndanguza avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwirengagije imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bagaragaje ko isambu iburanwa Ndanguza ayikomora ku mubyeyi we Semana wari uhatuye mbere y’uko yimukira i Kibungo. Akomeza avuga ko abaturage babajijwe n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi bavuze ko Ndanguza yavutse iwabo batuye muri iyo sambu 1951 ayibanamo n’ababyeyi mbere y’uko umuryango wa Rubayiza uhunga mu mwaka wa 1959. Kubwo ibyo anasazaba kandi indishyi zitandukanye mu gihe yaba atsinze uru rubanza. Uregwa we avuga ko ababyeyi b’urega batigeze batura muri iyo sambu nkuko byemezwa n’abatangabuhamya bakuze babizi neza kandi ko igihe bari batahutse, Ndanguza yemeye kumusubiza iyo sambu ariko aza kongera kuyibaruzaho mu gihe cy’iyandikisha ry’ubutaka. Akomeza asaba n’indishyi zitandukanye muri uru rubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Urukiko ni rwo rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye no ku buryo babivuga, uko byagenze ntacyo bihimbira bityo hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Rubayiza akomora ku gisekuru cy’iwabo.

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2. Indishyi Ndanguza asaba atazihabwa kuko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza, ahubwo akaba ariwe ukwiye guha Rubayiza indishyi. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ nta shingiro gifite; Isambu iburanwa ibaruye kuri nomero 3531 ni iya Rubayiza. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3, 65, 108. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111. Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA: [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Ngoma, Rubayiza Augustin asaba ko Ndanguza Evariste yategekwa kumusubiza isambu gakondo y’umuryango we. Yavugaga ko iyo sambu yigabijwe n’abantu batandukanye ubwo umuryango we wameneshwaga mu gihugu mu mwaka wa 1959, aho ahungukiye bamwe bemera gusubiza ubutaka bigabije mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ndetse na Ndanguza Evariste arabusubiza ariko mu gihe cy’ibarura rusange arabwisubiza abwiyandikaho. [2] Ndanguza Evariste yasabye ko ikirego cya Rubayiza Augustin kitakwakirwa ngo kubera ko isambu iregerwa bayiburanye mu Nteko y’Abunzi b’Akagari ka Nyaruhombo, Rubayiza Augustin arega umuryango wa Semana Nicodème (ugizwe na Ndanguza Evariste n’abavandimwe be). Ku bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza yireguye

avuga ko Ngirumpatse Tharcisse, se wa Rubayiza Augustin, yari aturanye na se ariko aza guhunga, mu gihe ahungutse abari baramuturiye mu masambu barayamusubiza ariko ashaka no gushyiramo ahari aha se Semana Nicodème wari uhatuye mbere ya 1959 aturanye na Rwamakombe, wavukanaga na Ngirumpatse Tharcisse. [3] Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Ngoma rwaciye urubanza No RC 0005/15/TB/NGOMA ku wa 11/02/2016, rwemeza ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Ndanguza Evaritse nta shingiro ifite, ku bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza, rwemeza ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Rubayiza Augustin, ikaba igomba kumwandikwaho, runategeka Ndanguza Evariste kumuha indishyi zingana na 250.000 Frw. Ibi Urukiko rwabifasheho icyemezo nyuma yo gusesengura imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babajijwe igihe cy’iburanisha. [4] Ndanguza Evariste yajuririye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye arusaba gutesha agaciro urubanza No RC 0005/15/TB/NGOMA avuga ko ikirego cya Rubayiza Augustin cyakiriwe

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kitaragombaga kwakirwa. Mu rubanza No RCA 0013/16/TGI/HYE rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2016, urwo rukiko rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere iteshejwe agaciro kuko ikirego Rubayiza Augustin yarezemo Ndanguza Evariste cyatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rutegeka Rubayiza Augustin kwishyura Ndanguza Evariste indishyi zingana na 850.000 Frw. [5] Rubayiza Augustin yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ruca urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ ku wa 30/05/2017, rwemeza ko impamvu Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwashingiyeho rwemeza ko ikirego cya Rubayiza Augustin kitagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere nta shingiro zifite. Ku bijyanye n’imizi y’urubanza, rwemeje ko isambu iburanwa ibaruye kuri nimero 3531 ari iya Rubayiza Augustin, rutegeka Ndanguza Evariste kumuha indishyi zingana na 750.000 Frw. [6] Iki cyemezo Urukiko rwagishingiye ku isesengura ry'imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bari batanzwe n’impande zombi, rusobanura ko: - abatangabuhamya Ndanguza Evariste yatanze batashoboye kugaragaza uburyo isambu iburanwa yari isambu gakondo y’umuryango we n’uburyo ise Semana Nicodème yaba yarageze muri iyo sambu usibye kuvuga gusa ko babyirutse basanga iri mu maboko ye; - umutangabuhamya witwa Sendegeya Emmanuel, bigaragara ko ari nawe mukuru mu babajijwe bose, yasobanuye neza amateka y’isambu iburanwa, avuga ko yahoze ari iy’umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin, aho bahungiye mu mwaka

wa 1959, Umujyanama wa Komini witwaga Yakobo ayigabiza abaturage, ibanza guhingwa n’uwitwa Sembeba, ayivuyemo Semana Nicodème ayijyamo. - ubuhamya bwa Sendegeya Emmanuel buhura neza n’ubw’undi mutangabuhamya witwa Karekezi Innocent wavuze ko ise Sembeba yigeze guhinga iyo sambu nyuma aza kuyamburwa ihabwa abandi. [7] Ndanguza Evariste yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba ko urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ, rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, kuko rwaciwe hirengagijwe ibimenyetso bigaragarira buri wese. [8] Umuvunyi Mukuru yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ rwasubirishwamo ku

mpamvu z’akarengane. [9] Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu cyemezo N° 256/CJ/2021 cyo ku wa 28/10/2021, yemeje ko urwo rubanza No

RCAA

00002/2016/HC/NYZ

rwongera kuburanishwa, arwohereza mu bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruburanishwe, ruhabwa No RS/INJUST/RC 00017/2021/SC. [10] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 11/04/2022, Ndanguza Evariste ahagarariwe na Me Nkundabatware Bigimba Félix, Rubayiza Augustin ahagarariwe na Me Mbarubukeye Samuel. Muri iryo buranisha abahagarariye ababuranyi bagiye impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya nyir’isambu iburanwa no ku kibazo cy’indishyi zisabwa kuri uru rwego. Nyuma yo kumva imyiregurire yabo, Urukiko rwasanze mbere yo gupfundikira iburanisha ari ngombwa ko

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rwakora iperereza aho ikiburanwa giherereye. Iryo perereza ryakozwe ku wa 03/06/2022, urubanza rupfundikirwa ku wa 15/06/2022, nyuma y’uko abahagarariye ababuranyi bahawe umwanya wo kugira icyo bavuga ku byavuye mu iperereza. II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO a. Kumenya nyir’isambu iburanwa. [11] Me Nkundabatware Bigimba Félix, uhagarariye Ndanguza Evariste avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwirengagije imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babajijwe mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Ngoma no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, bagaragaje ko isambu iburanwa Ndanguza Evariste ayikomora ku mubyeyi we Semana Nicodème wari uhatuye mbere y’uko yimukira i Kibungo. [12] Avuga ko abaturage babajijwe n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi bemeje ko Ndanguza Evariste yavukiye mu isambu iburanwa mu mwaka wa 1951 ayibanamo n’iwabo mbere y’uko umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin uhunga mu mwaka wa 1959, ndetse berekanye ahari itongo rya Semana Nicodème mu isambu iburanwa hateye igiti cy’umuvumu n’ahari itongo rya Ngendahayo mu isambu itaburanwa bihana imbibi iri hepfyo yayo naho hateye igiti cy’umuvumu. [13] Avuga kandi ko iperereza ryakozwe n’uru rukiko ryagaragaje ko Semana Nicodème na Ngendahayo bari batuye ahari ibishyitsi bibiri by’umuvumu, bahana imbibi na Rwamakombe, ku buryo n’ubutaka bwataruwe bwose bwahoze ari ubwa Rwamakombe, naho kwa se wa Rubayiza Augustin bo bakaba bari batuye hakurya

hagati hari igikombe, badahana imbibi. [14] Me Mbarubukeye Samuel uhagarariye Rubayiza Augustin avuga ko igihe Rubayiza Augustin yataruzaga amasambu y’iwabo, Ndanguza Evariste ubwe yari yemeye kuyimusubiza ariko aza kwisubiraho ayibaruzaho mu ibarura ry’ubutaka. Avuga ko ikindi kimenyetso kigaragaza ko iyo sambu bashaka kuyimuhuguza ari uko kuri uru rwego Ndanguza Evariste aburana avuga ko iyo sambu ari iye, mu gihe mu Bunzi no mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze we n’umuvandimwe we Gasasira Gaspard bavugaga ko iyo sambu ari iy’umuryango wa Semana Nicodème (Succession Semana) nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 6 cy’urubanza No RC 0005/15/TB/NGOMA. [15] Avuga kandi ko ababyeyi ba Ndanguza Evariste batigeze batura mu isambu iburanwa cyangwa se ngo we ayivukiremo nk’uko abivuga, ko ku muvumu wa mbere ariho hari kwa Se wa Rubayiza Augustin, naho hepfo ku muvumu wa kabiri akaba ariho ababyeyi ba Ndanguza Evariste bari batuye, ari naho yavukiye, aho ise yari afite inzu mbere y’uko yimukira i Kibungo nk’uko biri mu buhamya bwatanzwe na bamwe mu bakuze bahaturiye bahazi neza. Avuga ko rero aho Ndanguza Evariste yita ko yavukiye ari aho Semana Nicodème yihaye umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin umaze guhunga, nk’uko abatangabuhamya babajijwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane no mu iperereza uru rukiko rwakoze aho ikiburanwa giherereye babisobanuye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[16] Ingingo ya 3, igika cya mbere, y‘Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [17] Ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso bishingiye ku buhamya, ingingo ya 65 y’iryo tegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza ivuga ko Urukiko ari rwo rupima ko imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa. Ntirwitsitsa ku mubare w’abatangabuhamya, rwita cyane cyane ku bumenyi bwabo bw’ibyabaye no ku buryo babivuga uko byagenze ntacyo bihimbira. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe, ingingo ya 108 y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko bicukumburwa n’ubwenge n’ubushishozi bw’abacamanza. [ko] Abacamanza bagomba kwemera gusa ibyo bimenyetso iyo bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje. [19] Muri uru rubanza, ababuranyi bemeranywa ko umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin umaze guhunga, Ubuyobozi bwa Komini bwatanze ubutaka gakondo bwabo, Baramikwa akeberwa isambu haruguru y’iburanwa, Kurutumwe na Sebera bakeberwa amasambu ibumoso, naho Mbwirande akeberwa isambu iburyo, bivuze ko mu mpande z’isambu iburanwa hose ari ubutaka bw’umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin, usibye hepfo yayo kuko ho hari isambu itaburanwa Ndanguza Evariste akomora kuri Se Semana Nicodème no kuri Sekuru Ndendahayo. Ikibazo batumvikanaho akaba ari icy’isambu iri hagati y’amasambu y’umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin nk’uko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira: [20] Ubwo Urukiko rwakoraga iperereza aho ikiburanwa giherereye, umutangabuhamya witwa Nyiringoga François, wavutse mu mwaka wa 1935, yasobanuye ko ubutaka isambu iburanwa iherereyemo bwagabanyijwe mu mwaka wa 1950 hari Umusushefu witwaga Birikunzira, ko yari ahari atanga umukenke, Rukazambuga (Sekuru wa Rubayiza Augustin)

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agabana isambu iburanwa n’iziyikikije zose, aho apfiriye hasigara abahungu be, aribo Munyarubuga Gérard, Rwamakombe na Ngirumpatse Tharcisse, naho Ngendahayo (Sekuru wa Ndanguza Evariste) agabana hepfo ya Rukazambuga. [21] Urukiko rurasanga ubwo buhamya bugomba gufatwaho ukuri kuko bigaragara ko ariwe mukuru mu batanze ubuhamya bose, akaba yari ahari igihe Rukazambuga na Ngendahayo bagabirwa amasambu n’ubuyobozi bwariho icyo gihe, kandi kuba yari ahari akaba ntawe ubivuguruza. Hashingiwe rero kuri ayo mateka, Urukiko rusanga mu gutuza iyo miryango yombi bitari gushoboka ko Ngendahayo ahabwa ubutaka buseseye mu bwa Rukazambuga, ibi bikaba byumvikanisha ko atigeze agabana isambu iburanwa. [22] Ku bijyanye n’uburyo Semana Nicodème yabonye isambu iburanwa, Urukiko rurasanga uburanira Ndanguza Evariste, ndetse n’abatangabuhamya ku ruhande rwe barimo Kamonyi Ladislas, Gasasira Frédéric, Mukaremera Euphrasie, Nyiramatabaro Agnès n’abandi babajijwe mu nkiko zabanje, usibye kuvuga ko ababyeyi be babaga muri iyo sambu kandi ko yayivukiyemo umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin utarahunga, batagaragaza uburyo yari isambu gakondo y’umuryango we cyangwa ubundi buryo Semana Nicodème yaba yarayigezemo. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ku rundi ruhande, abatangabuhamya benshi, barimo Nyiringoga François wavuzwe haruguru, Kimonyo Pascal, Karekezi Francois, Hakuzimana Samson, Sendegeya Emmanuel, Ndakaza Edouard

baragaragaje ko umuryango wa Rubayiza Augustin umaze guhunga isambu iburanwa yabanje gutizwa uwitwa Sembeba, nyuma iza gutizwa Semana Nicodème, ahubaka mu kigereranyo cyo mu myaka ya 1966 na 1969 (abatangabuhamya ntibahuriza ku mwaka umwe) aribwo uyu yazamutse agatura haruguru mu isambu iburanwa avuye mu isambu gakondo y’iwabo iri hepfo, izi mvugo zabo zikaba zigomba gufatwaho ukuri kuko zuzuzanya zikaba zihura n’iya Karekezi Innocent, umuhungu wa Sembeba watangaje mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ko yamenye ubwenge isambu iburanwa ihingwa na se, yarayihawe na Yakobo wari Umujyanama wa Komini nyuma y’aho abo mu muryango wa Rubayiza Augustin bahunze, nyuma Ubuyobozi bwa Komini buza kuhabambura, Semana Nicodème wari usanzwe ufite isambu hepfo yayo aba ariwe uyijyamo. [24] Hashingiwe ku mategeko no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe, Urukiko rusanga hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza ko isambu iburanwa ari iya Rubayiza Augustin akomora ku gisekuru cy’iwabo. B.INDISHYI ZISABWA KURI URU RWEGO [25] Me Nkundabatware Bigimba Félix uhagarariye Ndanguza Evariste avuga ko asaba ko Rubayiza Augustin yatanga 2.000.000 Frws y’indishyi akubiyemo 1000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy'Avoka na 1000.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [26] Me Mbarubukeye Samuel uhagarariye Rubayiza Augustin avuga ko kuba Ndanguza Evariste ariwe nyirabayazana w’uru rubanza yamukuruyemo mu buryo bw’amaherere, yacibwa 2.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza.

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[27] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo [...]. [28] Hashingiwe ku ngingo imaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rurasanga indishyi Ndanguza Evariste asaba atazihabwa kuko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza, ahubwo akaba ariwe ukwiye guha Rubayiza Augustin 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko hakurikijwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO: [29] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 30/05/2017 nta shingiro gifite; [30] Rwemeje ko isambu ibaruye kuri nomero 3531 iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Nyabujengwe, Akagari ka Nyaruhombo, Umurenge wa Rwaniro, Akarere ka Huye, Intara y’Amajyepho, ari iya Rubayiza Augustin; [31] Rwemeje ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza No RCAA 00002/2016/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 30/05/2017; [32] Rutegetse Ndanguza Evariste guha Rubayiza Augustin 800.000 Frw, akubiyemo 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego.