UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDATIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDATIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-10-17 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00306/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NDATIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00306/2025/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 17 Ukwakira 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano - Imapmvu nyoroshyacyaha - Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Incamake y’ikibazo: Ndatimana yakundanye n’umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka 16, akajya amusambanya aza no kumutera inda. Amaze kuyimutera, yamujyanyenye iwe abana na we nk’umugabo n’umugore. Bimaze kumenyekana, Ndatimana yarafashwe, Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo. Uyu yaburanye yemera icyaha, urukiko rushingiye ku kwemera kwe no ku bindi bimenyetso, rusanga ahamwa n’icyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Ndatimana yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagoye ubutabera, urukiko rusanga akwiye kingera kugabanyirizwa igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15. Uyu na none ntiyanyuzwe yongera kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, hasuzumwa niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uregwa asobanura ko yemera icyaha yakoze kandi akagisabira imbabazi agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano byaba ngiombwa kigasubikwa kugira ngo abashe kujya kwita ku muryango we urimo n’umwana yabyaye. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibisabwa n’uregwa bitahabwa ishingiro kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije nk’uko biteganywa n’itegeko bityo ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ubujurire, nta shingiro bufite Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe, ingingo ya 133 Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00076/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Burindwi Jean Bosco, rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2025; RPAA 01339/2024/CA, Ubushibjacyaha na Habarurema Emmanuel, rwaciwe ku wa 19/09/2025; RPAA 00757/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Uwineza Jean Bosco, rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Ndatimana Jean Baptiste akurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) wahawe izina rya D.D.1 mu manza zabanje anamutera inda, ku wa 25/12/2020 bahita batangira kubana nk’umugore n’umugabo kugeza ku wa 08/01/2021 ubwo inzego z’ibanze zabimenyaga, ari nabwo Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yatangiraga gukurikirwanwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo, bushingiye ku mvugo za Ndatimana Jean Baptiste wemeye icyaha, ku mvugo za D.D no ku cyemezo cy’amavuko cye kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe afite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16), bumusabira igihano kigabanyije kiri hagati y’imyaka 20 na 25. [3] Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yakundanye na D.D akajya amusambanya mu bihe bitandukanye, amaze kumubwira ko yamuteye inda amusaba ko yaza bakabana, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza Nº RP 00101/2021/TGI/MHG ku wa 27/01/2021, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya icyaha birimo kuba yaremeye icyaha akanashinjwa na D.D, wasobanuye ko bakundanye bakajya baryamana bigeze aho amutera inda, nyuma batangira kubana nk’umugore n’umugabo, n’icyemezo cy’amavuko cya D.D kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe afite imyaka cumi n’itandatu(16), rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20)2 kuko ataruhije ubutabera. [5] Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Nyanza, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano akanasubikirwa kugira ngo ajye gufasha umuryango we, bitakunda agahabwa igihano nsimburagifungo, kuko atari agambiriye gukora icyaha ahubwo yari agamije kungura umuryango. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije hashingiwe ku itegeko ryariho urubanza rucibwa, ariko ko hashingirwa ku Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu igihano yahawe kikongera kikagabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza Nº RPA 00212/2021/HC/NYZ ku wa 28/02/2025, rusanga kuba Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yemera icyaha no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi ndetse nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganwe indi myitwarire mibi, no kuba yari afite imyaka 18 agasambanya umwana w’imyaka 16, byashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kikagabanywa, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15).

1 Yahawe iri zina kuko ari umwana 2 Bigaragara ariko ko rwamuhannye nk’uwakoze icyaha cyo gusambanyije umwana ufite kuva ku myaka cumi n’ine gihanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka 20 ariko kitarenze 25, mu gihe icyaha yakoze gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu.

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[8] Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri, urubanza rwandikwa kuri Nº RPAA 00306/2025/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 07/010/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Ngamije Eric, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

[9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Ndatimana Jean Baptiste n’umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko atagabanyirijwe bihagije.

[10] Uhagararariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko igihano Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahawe kitakongera kugabanywa kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo buhagije kandi ko icyo yahanishijwe ari cyo gito Urukiko rwashoboraga gutanga.

[11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Ndatimana Jean Batiste yahawe cyakongera kikagabanywa

[12] Ndatimana Jean Baptiste n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano rukamukura ku cy’imyaka 20 yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rukamuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, asaba ko icyo gihano cyakongera kikagabanywa, kuko n’ubwo bemera ko Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu ritabyemera ndetse n’imirongo bagaragaje mu mwanzuro batanze ikaba ikakurikizwa kuko itajyanye n’Itegeko rikurikizwa ubu, Urukiko rwakumva ugutakamba kwe rukamugabanyiriza igihano rushingiye ku kuba yarakoze icyaha akiri muto kuko yari afite imyaka 19, akaba kandi ataragoye ubutabera yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho, ndetse akaba nta mugambi mubi yari afite ahubwo yari agamije kugira umuryango nk’abandi, hakanitabwa ku nyungu z’umuryango we. [13] Ku birebana n’amategeko, bavuga ko hagashingirwa ku ngingo ya 3 y'amasezerano nº 45/25 yo ku wa 20/11/1989 y'umuryango wabibumbye yerekeye uburenganzira bw'abana yemejwe n'u Rwanda binyuze mu Iteka rya Perezida nº 0773/16 ryo ku wa 19/09/1991, n’ingingo ya 4 y'amasezerano yo ku wa 11/06/1990 yerekeye uburenganzira n'imibereho myiza y'umwana yemejwe n'Iteka rya Perezida nº 11/01 ryo ku wa 30/05/2000, avuga ko ibikorwa byose bireba umwana haba mu nzego za Leta, izigenga cyangwa ibigo byihariye biharanira uburenganzira n’ imibereho myiza yamuntu, haba mu nzengo z'ubuyobozi cyangwa iz'ubucamanza. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Ndatimana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro ifite, kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije amategeko, bitewe n’uko icyaha yakoze gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, Umucamanza yaba yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kikaba cyagabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15 nk’uko

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biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [15] Avuga kandi ko ikibazo cyo kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza Nº RPAA 00281/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/01/2025 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na KALISA Claude, ko rero Ndatimana atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije ko kandi ntaho Urukiko rwahera rwongera kumugabanyiriza, ko rero kuba nta nenge cyangwa amakosa agaragaza ko yaba yarakozwe mu rubanza yajuririye, uru Rukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rukagumishaho urubanza rwajuririwe mu ngingo zarwo zose.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

[16] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahawe cyakongera kugabanywa. [17] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana byakurikiwe no kubana nawe nk’umugore n’umugabo Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahamijwe, Itegeko rigihanisha igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 133 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe. [18] Naho ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa uwahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye3, aho Urukiko rwasesenguye ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N°059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange4 rukemeza ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’Umucamanza, igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [19] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujurirwa ibigaragaza, Urukiko Rukuru/ Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwagabanyirije Ndatimana Jean Baptiste igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwasobanuye.

3 Reba nk’urubanza Nº RPAA 00076/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Burindwi Jean Bosco, urubanza NºRPAA 01339/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/09/2025 haburana Ubushibjacyaha na Habarurema Emmanuel, urubanza NºRPAA 00757/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwineza Jean Bosco. 4 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15”.

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hakanarebwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ndatimana Jean Baptste yahanishijwe nyuma yo kugabanyirizwa igihano, ibyo asaba ko cyakongera kugabanywa bitashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano mu buryo buhagije kandi bukurikije ibyo amategeko ateganya, igihano yahawe kandi kikaba ari cyo gito gishobora gutangwa nk’uko byemejwe mu zindi manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zavuzwe haruguru, akaba rero atari ngombwa gusuzuma amasezerano arebana n’uburenganzira bw’umwana Ndatimana n’umwunganira baburanisha.

[21] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Uruiko rurasanga igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe kitakongera kugabanywa, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe.

II. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndatimana Jean Baptiste nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza Nº RPA 00212/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 28/02/2025 rugumanye agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose; [24] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ndatimana Jean Baptiste yahanishijwe kigumyeho.