NDATSIKIRA v MUA INSURANCE RWANDA Ltd

# NDATSIKIRA v MUA INSURANCE RWANDA Ltd

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NDATSIKIRA v MUA INSURANCE RWANDA Ltd [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2023/CA (Munyangeri, P.J. Ngagi na Kamere) 22 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – imanza mbonezamubano – Gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – Ikimenyetso gishya – Iyo hari Itegeko Urukiko rutamenye mu gihe rwacaga urubanza, rikamenyekana nyuma, bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya kandi kimara impaka. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubwishingizi – Impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga – ikinyabiziga kitagenda – Ikinyabiziga gifite ubusembwa (defaut mechanique) – Umukozi uri kukazi – Ntabwo impanuka yakwitwa iyakazi mu gihe icyateye impanuka atari igikorwa cy’akazi (fait du travail) ahubwo ari ikibazo ikinyabiziga gisanzwe gifite Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye Ndatsikira arega Phoenix of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kuyitegeka kumuha indishyi zitandukanye zikomoka ku mpanuka yakoze ubwo yari ari mu modoka ifite plaque RAC 523 Y yo mu bwoko bwa Camion Mitsubishi ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose (tout risqué/omnium) yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye igonga indi modoka hanyuma Ndatsikira akomereka akaguru mu buryo bukomeye, agira ubumuga bungana na 70%. Yandikira Phoenix ayisaba indishyi zikomoka kuriyo mpanuka yanga kuzitanga yitwaje ko impanuka yakoze ari iy’akazi igomba kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi we nk’umukozi. Yasabye Urukiko ko indishyi asaba zashingira ku mushahara yahembwaga n’ubumuga yagize, anasaba gusubizwa ibyo yatakaje byose akurikirana icyo kibazo. Phoenix of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd yireguye ivuga ko nta ndishyi ikwiye guha Ndatsikira, kuko yakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ka Bralirwa, ko isanga itaragombaga kuregwa, ko ahubwo akwiye kuzisaba umukoresha we, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi rwazamutegeka gusubira mu bwumvikane hagakorwa contre- expertise ikabona kugira icyo ivuga ku ndishyi yasabye. Urukiko mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ndatsikira gifite ishingiro, ko inzitizi zatanzwe na Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite; rutegeka Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd guha Ndatsikira indishyi zitandukanye. Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, inenga kuba yararezwe kandi atari yo yagombaga kuregwa, kubera ko impanuka yabaye yari iy’akazi ikaba itari mu ziyireba nk’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga RAC 523Y, isaba n’indishyi zitandukanye. Ndatsikira yireguye avuga ko atatewe impanuka n’akazi yakoraga ko ahubwo yagonzwe n’ikinyabiziga Mitsubishi RAC 523Y yishingiwe na Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd. Ko kandi itagomba gushingira ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 19 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryo ku wa 30/8/2019, ngo kuko ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 30/08/2018, mu gihe impanuka asabira indishyi yabaye ku wa 11/05/2018, bityo rikaba ritagomba kugenga ibyahise, ahubwo rigenga ibizaza nk’uko ingingo yaryo ya 126 ibiteganya. Avuga kandi ko n’iyo hakwemezwa ko yagize impanuka y’akazi, nabwo bitamubuza gukurikirana umwishingizi kuko n’ayo mahitamo

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ayafite hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/8/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri. Urukiko mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rushingiye ku nyandiko z’abahanga b’amategeko y’umurimo rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd, bufite ishingiro, ko Ndatsikira yareze uwo atagombaga kurega, rutegeka ko urubanza rujuririrwa ruteshwa agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka Ndatsikira guha Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd indishyi. Ndatsikira yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya, avuga ko ashingiye ku cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru, yandikiye RSSB ayisaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yagize, maze RSSB ikamumenyesha ko atari yo igomba kumwishyura indishyi yasabye, ko ahubwo zigomba kwishyurwa n’Ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kibarizwamo ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka. Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd yahindutse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Ndatsikira atagaragaza impamvu ashingiraho asubirishamo urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya mu ziteganywa n'ingingo ya 170 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, kuko nta kimenyetso cya kamparampaka atanga, ko ibaruwa ya RSSB itashingirwaho, ko ibitekerezo bya RSSB bitakuraho icyemezo cy’Urukiko. Urukiko mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndatsikira cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 kitakiriwe. Ndatsikira yatakambiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo Nº 236/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. Ndatsikira yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarahaye agaciro ibaruwa ya RSSB, bigatuma rumurenganya, ko kandi urwo Rukiko rwakuyeho indishyi yari yaragenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE kandi zari zifite ishingiro, asaba ko izo ndishyi zigumaho agasubizwa n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, no kugenerwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. MUA Insurance Rwanda Ltd yiregura ivuga ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza rusubirishwamo kuko ibaruwa ya RSSB atari ikimenyetso giteganywa n’ingingo 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, ko nta ndishyi agomba guhabwa na MUA Insurance Rwanda Ltd kuko impanuka yagize ari iy’akazi,nayo isaba gusuzubizwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2023/CA rwemeje ko inyandiko RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira ari ikimenyetso gishya cyagombaga gutuma ikirego cye cyo gusuzubirishamo

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ingingo nshya urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG cyakirwa. Rwemeza ko kuba ikirego cye kitarakiwe byamuteye akarengane, bityo ikirego cye cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro. Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba indishyi Ndatsikira yari yaragenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zigomba kugumaho, Urukiko rushingiye ku masezerano y’ubwishingizi bw’imodoka yakoze impanuka na Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd aho Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yiyemereye kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga yishingiye, bityo rwemeza ko kuba Ndatsikira yarakomerekejwe n’uko imodoka yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye byumvikanisha ko iyo modoka ari yo yamuteje impanuka. Rwemeje kandi ko kuba impanuka yarabereye kuri BRALIRWA iparitse ntacyo bihindura ngo byitwe ko Ndatsikira yagize impanuka y’akazi, kuko mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi impande zombizumvikanye ko hishingiwe ibijyanye n’impanuka iyo ari yo yose yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Bityo, rwemeza ko nta cyari kubuza Ndatsikira kurega Phoenix of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd, rwemeza ko indishyi zategetswe gutangwa n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye zihamyeho. Rwemeje kandi ko amafaranga Ndatsikira yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa imanza yatsinzwe ayasubizwa kuko yarenganye. Incamake y’icyemezo:1. Iyo hari Itegeko Urukiko rutamenye mu gihe rwacaga urubanza, rikamenyekana nyuma, bifatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya kandi kimara impaka. Bityo, kuba Urukiko rwaremeje ko impanuka yabaye ari iya kazi ko n’indishyi ziyikomokaho zisabwa ikigo cy’ubwiteganyirize(RSSB) nyuma iki kigo kikagaragaza gishingiye ku Itegeko ko gitanga indishyi gusa aruko umukozi yahagarikiwe umushahara kandi umuburanyi adashobora gusaba indishyi umwishingizi na RSSB icyariwe, ibyagaragajwe na RSSB byafatwa nk’ikimenytso gishya kandi kimara impaka. 2. Ntabwo impanuka yakwitwa iyakazi mu gihe icyateye impanuka atari igikorwa cy’akazi (fait du travail) ahubwo ari ikibazo ikinyabiziga gisanzwe gifite. Bityo, kuba umuntu ari mu modoka iparitse abara amakaziye igasubira inyuma kubera ikibazo ifite (defaut mechanique) ikamutera impanuka ikomeye ntibyakwitwa impanuka y’akazi ahubwo umwishingizi w’iyo modoka niwe uryozwa indishyi zikomoka kuriyo mpanuka. 3. Iyo umuntu yishyuye amafaranga mu rwego rwo kurangiza urubanza yatsinzwe, bikaza kugaragara ko urwo rubanza n’izindi zirushamikiyeho rwamurenganyije, ayo mafaranga yishyuye agomba kuyasubizwa nuwo yayishyuye. Ikirego cyo gusubirshamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane gifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 111,170,

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Itegeko No 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/3/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, Ingingo ya 17 Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 3, Imanza zifashishijwe: RCAA 00003/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/12/2020, HABAKUBAHO Samson v SORWATRACO Ltd na SANLAM AG Ltd RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC, SHEMA Charles n’undi v I & M BANK RWANDA Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, igika cya 21 RS/REV/RC 00001/2022/CA; SPECIAL GUARENTEE FUND (SGF) v UWANYIRIGIRA Josée, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/04/2023, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/5/2018, saa kumi n’iminota mirongo ine (16:40), Ndatsikira Patient yakoreye impanuka mu Murenge wa Kibungo kuri dépôt ya BRALIRWA ari mu modoka ifite plaque RAC 523 Y yo mu bwoko bwa Camion Mitsubishi yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye igonga indi modoka hanyuma Ndatsikira Patient akomereka akaguru mu buryo bukomeye, agira ubumuga bungana na 70%. Iyo modoka ikaba yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risqué/omnium) muri Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd yaje guhinduka Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd. [2] Ku wa 16/11/2018, Ndatsikira Patient yandikiye Phoenix of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd ayisaba kumwishyura indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka, ndetse anayishyikiriza inyandiko zose za ngombwa, ariko Phoenix yanga kumuha izo ndishyi ishingiye ku kuba impanuka yakoze ari iy’akazi igomba kwishyurwa n’umwishingizi we nk’umukozi. [3] Ku wa 07/01/2019, Ndatsikira Patient yareze Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge arusaba kuyitegeka kumuha indishyi zikomoka kuri iyo mpanuka zibariwe ku mushahara yahembwaga n’ubumuga yagize, anasaba gusubizwa ibyo yatakaje byose akurikirana icyo kibazo, ashingiye ku bikubiye mu ngingo ya 11 y’Iteka rya Perezida rigena ibijyanye no kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ibinyabiziga. [4] Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd yireguye ivuga ko nta ndishyi ikwiye guha Ndatsikira Patient, kuko yakoze impanuka ari mu kazi ka Bralirwa nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandikomvugo yakozwe na Polisi, ko isanga itaragombaga kuregwa, ko ahubwo akwiye kuzisaba umukoresha we, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi rwazamutegeka gusubira mu bwumvikane hagakorwa contre- expertise ikabona kugira icyo ivuga ku ndishyi yasabye.

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[5] Mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 25/7/2019, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na Ndatsikira Patient gifite ishingiro, ko inzitizi zatanzwe na Phoenix of Rwanda Company Ltd nta shingiro zifite; rutegeka Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd guha Ndatsikira Patient indishyi zose hamwe zingana na 28.298.983Frw, no kumwishyura 500.000Frw y‘igihembo cya Avoka; runategeka ko 20.000Frw yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama arega aguma mu I2sanduku ya Leta, Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd ikayamusubiza mu minsi umunani (8) uru rubanza rubaye itegeko. [6] Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, inenga kuba yararezwe kandi atari yo yagombaga kuregwa, kubera ko impanuka yabaye yari iy’akazi ikaba itari mu ziyireba nk’umwishingizi w’ikinyabiziga RAC 523Y. Isoza isaba indishyi zitandukanye. [7] Ndatsikira Patient yireguye avuga ko atatewe impanuka n’akazi yakoraga nk’uko Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd ishaka kubyumvikanisha, ko ahubwo yagonzwe n’ikinyabiziga Mitsubishi RAC 523Y iyi yari yarishingiye, nk’uko undi muntu wese yagongwa (tiers) agasaba umwishingizi kumwishyura igihe ikinyabiziga cyaba gifite ubwishingizi. Ko kandi itagomba gushingira ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 19 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryo ku wa 30/8/2019, ngo kuko ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 30/08/2018, mu gihe impanuka asabira indishyi yabaye ku wa 11/05/2018, bityo rikaba ritagomba kugenga ibyahise, ahubwo rigenga ibizaza nk’uko ingingo yaryo ya 126 ibiteganya, ko ritangira gukurikizwa ku munsi ryatangarijweho mu Igazeti ya Repuburika y’u Rwanda. [8] Avuga kandi ko n’iyo yakurikizwa hakemezwa ko yagize impanuka y’akazi, nabwo bitamubuza gukurikirana umwishingizi kuko n’ayo mahitamo ayafite hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/8/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, aho iteganya ko: ” Les personnes béneficiant des lois spéciales sur la réparation des dommages résultant d’accident du travail, sauf dans la mesure oú ces personnes conservent une action en résponsabilité civile contre l’assuré”, ugenekereje bishatse kuvuga ko abantu barindwa n’amategeko ari ukwayo (afite umwihariko) mu byerekeye indishyi zitewe n’ibyago by’akazi, keretse iyo abo bantu bahisemo gukurikirana indishyi ku wishingiwe. [9] Mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku bisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’ababuranyi, no ku byavuzwe n’abahanga mu mategeko y’umurimo rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd bufite ishingiro, ko Ndatsikira Patient yareze uwo atagombaga kurega, rutegeka ko urubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 25/7/2019 rwajuririwe ruteshwa agaciro mu ngingo zarwo zose, rutegeka Ndatsikira Patient guha Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibyo yatanze ku rubanza no kuyisubiza igarama. [10] Ku wa 29/10/2020, Ndatsikira Patient yatanze ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya, cyandikwa kuri RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, avuga ko ashingiye ku cyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 9/7/2020, yandikiye RSSB ayisaba indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yagize, anayigaragariza urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, maze

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ku wa 15/9/2020, RSSB ikamumenyesha ko atari yo igomba kumwishyura indishyi yasabye, ko ahubwo zigomba kwishyurwa n’Ikigo cy’ubwishingizi kibarizwamo ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka. Bityo ko ashingiye kuri iyi baruwa ya RSSB asaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya, kugira ngo abashe kurenganurwa no kugenerwa indishyi yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE. [11] Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yireguye ivuga ko Ndatsikira Patient atagaragaza impamvu ashingiraho asubirishamo urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya mu ziteganywa n'ingingo ya 170 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, kuko nta kimenyetso cya kamparampaka atanga, ko ibaruwa ya RSSB itashingirwaho, cyane ko yanze kumukorera ibyo amategeko amwemerera nk’uko abivuga, bityo ko ibyategetswe n'Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ko agomba kuzisaba RSSB bikwiye kubahirizwa. Ivuga kandi ko yirengagiza inyandiko yakozwe n'umugenzacyaha wemeje ko atari impanuka yo mu muhanda, ko ahubwo ari impanuka y'akazi, ko ibitekerezo bya RSSB bitakuraho icyemezo cy’Urukiko, ko ahubwo gikurwaho n'ikindi, kandi ko amaze kubona ko RSSB yanze gushyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cy'Urukiko yagombaga kuyirega. Isoza isaba indishyi zitandukanye. [12] Mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021, urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndatsikira Patient cyo gusubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020 kitakiriwe, ko urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku itariki ya 08/05/2020 n’Urukiko Rukuru rudahindutse; rwemeza ko Ndatsikira Patient agomba guha Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, ko 40.000Frw y’amagarama Ndatsikira Patient yatanze arega ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [13] Ndatsikira Patient yatakambiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nyuma yo gusuzuma ubusabe bwe, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo, maze mu cyemezo Nº 236/CJ/2022, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00001/2023/CA. [14] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 07/06/2023, Ndatsikira Patient ahagarariwe na Me Gabiro David, naho Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Ntaganda Felix. [15] Muri rusange Ndatsikira Patient yasubirishijemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, anenga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarahaye agaciro ibaruwa ya RSSB yo ku wa 15/09/2020, bigatuma rumurenganya, ko kandi urwo Rukiko rwakuyeho indishyi yari yaragenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE kandi zari zifite ishingiro, asaba ko izo ndishyi zigumaho agasubizwa n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa urubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, no kugenerwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. Mua Insurance

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Rwanda Ltd yiregura ivuga ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG kuko ibaruwa ya RSSS atari ikimenyetso giteganywa n’ingingo 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ko nta kandi nta ndishyi agomba guhabwa na Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd kuko impanuka yagize ari iy’akazi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, isaba gusuzubizwa amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza. [16] Muri uru rubanza Urukiko rurasanga ibibazo bigize impaka bigomba gusuzumwa ari ibi bikurikira: Kumenya niba ibaruwa ya RSSB yo ku wa 15/09/2020 ari ikimenyetso gishya cyagombaga gutuma urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya; Kumenya niba indishyi Ndatsikira Patient yari yaragenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE zigomba kugumaho ; Kumenya niba Ndatsikira Patient akwiye gusubizwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa urubanza No RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG; Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1.Kumenya niba ibaruwa ya RSSB yo ku wa 15/09/2020 ari ikimenyetso gishya cyagombaga gutuma urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya [17] Uhagarariye

Ndatsikira

Patient

avuga

ko

yasubirishijemo

urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG ingingo nshya ashingiye ku ibaruwa ya RSSB yo ku wa 15/09/2020, ariko ko mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko iyo baruwa atari ikimenyetso gishya, ahubwo yanditswe mu rwego rwo kurangiza urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG kandi muri urwo rubanza ntacyo RSSB yigeze irutegekwamo kuko itigeze irubamo umuburanyi. Asobanura ko ibaruwa ya RSSB imaze kuboneka basanze ari ikimenyetso gishya kandi kimara impaka zari zihari zijyanye n’ugomba kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka Ndatsikira Patient yari yagize. [18] Avuga kandi ko basanga ibyashingiwe n’Urukiko, mu gika cya 17, mu gufata icyemezo ari akarengane kuko ibaruwa RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira Patient mu gika cya nyuma bagaragaje ko Ndatsikira Patient afite uburenganzira busesuye bwo guhitamo uwo agomba gusaba indishyi hagati ya RSSB na PHOENIX. Ibi bikaba byarahise bikuraho urushijijo umucamanza mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG yari yafashe, mu gika cya 13, aho yemeje ko impanuka Ndatsikira Patient yakoze ari iy’akazi, bityo ko yari yareze uwo atagombaga kurega. Aha Urukiko rukaba rwashatse kumvikanisha ko Ndatsikira Patient yari kuba yarareze RSSB. Ibyasobanuwe na RSSB mw’ibaruwa yabo mu gika cya nyuma bihura neza n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko-Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 7/8/1975 riryanye n’Ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butewe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, aho iteganya ko: ” Les personnes béneficiant des lois spéciales sur la réparation des dommages résultant d’accident du travail, sauf dans la mesure oú ces

## Page 8

personnes conservent une action en résponsabilité civile contre l’assuré” aha bishatse kuvuga ko Abantu barindwa n’amategeko ari ukwayo (afite umwihariko) mu byerekeye indishyi zitewe n’ibyago by’akazi, keretse iyo abo bantu bahisemo gukurikirana indishyi ku wishingiwe. [19] Avuga na none ko mu rubanza No RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibaruwa yo ku wa 15/09/2020 ndetse n’amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 01/01/2018 yagombaga kurangira ku wa 31/12/2018, bigatuma rurenganya Ndatsikira Patient. [20] Uhagarariye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd avuga ko ibaruwa ya RSSB yo ku wa 15/09/2020 atari ikimenyetso gishya cyari gutuma urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya kuko ingingo ya 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi isobanura ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso cyari gihari ariko kitarashoboraga kuboneka mu gihe cy’urubanza kandi ko kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka. [21] Asobanura ko icyemezo Urukiko rwafashe cyo kutemera ibaruwa yanditswe na RSSB nk’ikimenyetso gishya cyashingirwaho mu gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya basanga nta karengane karimo kuko urukiko ari rwo rufite ububasha bwo gusuzuma niba koko ikimenyetso cyatanzwe ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 170 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya iyo kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo. [22] Avuga kandi ko basanga nta karengane kari mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG kuko ibaruwa yanditswe na RSSB atari ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kuko iyo baruwa ubwayo itari ije kugira icyo ihindura ku miterere y’impanuka yabaye. Asobanura ko iyi baruwa yari kugira agaciro nibura iyo iba isobanura ko impanuka yabaye ari impanuka yo mu muhanda aho kuba ari impanuka y’akazi nyamara RSSB nayo ubwayo yashimangiye ibyo urukiko rwemeje ko iyo mpanuka ari impanuka yo mu kazi, bityo icyemezo urukiko rwafashe cyo kwemeza ko iyo mpanuka itari mu zo MUA yishingiye kuko itabereye mu nzira nyabagendwa (reseau routier) kikaba kidakwiye guhinduka, bityo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rukaba rukwiye kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ingingo ya 170, igika cya mbere, agace ka gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira : “Urubanza rushobora gusubirwamo ingingo nshya iyo, kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo.” [24] Mu gika cya kabiri cy’ingingo imaze kuvugwa haruguru, isobanura ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Mu gika cya gatatu ivuga ko ikimenyetso n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya.

## Page 9

[25] Mu rubanza RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, haburana Shema Charles na I&M BANK RWANDA Plc, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko uburanisha ikimenyetso gishya, agomba kugaragariza Urukiko ko atigeze amenya ko gihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko gihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga1. Uwo ni nawo murongo wafashwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo urubanza RS/REV/RC 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 20/04/2023, aho rwasobanuye ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso cyari gihari mu gihe urubanza rwaburanwaga ariko umuburanyi akaba atashoboraga kumenya ko gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga2. [26] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza ikibazo cyari ukumenya niba Ndatsikira Patient yaragize impanuka y’akazi ku buryo atagombaga kurega Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd ahubwo yagomba kurega RSSB nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urwo Rukiko rumaze kwemeza ko yareze uwo atagombaga kurega, ko indishyi yazisaba RSSB nibwo RSSB yamwandikiye ku wa 15/9/2020, imumenyesha ko nta ndishyi yamuha kuko iziha uwatakaje akazi gusa, imugaragariza n’itegeko Urukiko rutamenye mu gihe rwacaga urubanza, bikaba rero byumvikana ko nubwo icyo kimenyetyso cyabonetse nyuma y’uko urubanza ruciwe ariko cyari gihari kuko iryo tegeko ryari rihari ariko Urukiko ntirwaribona kandi nta kuntu Ndatsikira Patient yari kubona icyo kimenyetso mu gihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga kuko atari azi ko Urukiko ruzemeza ko yagize impanuka y’akazi ko kandi yareze uwo atagombaga kurega. [27] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo ibaruwa RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira Patient ku wa 15/9/2020, muri iyo baruwa RSSB yasobanuye ko imaze gusuzuma neza dosiye ya Ndatsikira Patient ishingiye ku ngingo ya 17 y’itegeko no 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/3/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, iteganya ko indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi zihabwa uwatakaje umushahara, yamenyesheje Ndatsikira Patient ko nta ndishyi yahabwa z’ubumuga yagize kuko we atatakaje umushahara. Isobanura kandi ko mu gihe yatakaza akazi kubera ubwo bumuga ari bwo yakomeza gukurikirana dosiye amaze kugaragaza ko atagikurikiranye ibigendanye n'iyo mpanuka mu kigo cy'ubwishingizi ikinyabiziga cyamuteye iyo mpanuka cyabarizwagamo icyo gihe cy'impanuka (PHOENIX). [28] Imikirize y’urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021, igaragaza ko ibaruwa Ndatsikira Patient yandikiwe na RSSB, itanga ibisobanuro ku buryo hatangwa amafaranga y'ubumuga k’uwagize ibyago bikomoka ku kazi, atari ikimenyetso kijyanye n’uburyo impanuka yakozwe kiza kuvuguruza ibyavuzwe mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, ahubwo bigaragara ko yanditswe mu rwego rwo kurangiza urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG; iyo nyandiko ya RSSB ikaba idashobora gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Ndatsikira Patient kitakiriwe. [29] Urukiko rurasanga mu ibaruwa RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira Patient ku wa 15/9/2020, hagaragaramo Itegeko no 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/3/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza Itegeko-Teka ryo ku wa 22/8/1974 rigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, Urukiko rutari rwabonye mu gihe 1 Reba igika cya 21 cy’urubanza No RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, SHEMA Charles hamwe na BASHANGIRE Grace baburanamo na I & M BANK RWANDA Plc. 2 Reba igika cya 25 cy’urubanza No RS/REV/RC 00001/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/04/2023, haburana SPECIAL GUARENTEE FUND (SGF) na UWANYIRIGIRA Josée.

## Page 10

haburanwaga urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rigaragaza ko uhabwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka y’akazi ari uwatakaje umushahara, nyamara Ndatsikira Patient we atari yatakaje umushahara ku buryo yari kurega RSSB, nk’uko Urukiko rwari rwarabyemeje. Rusanga igaragaza kandi ko Ndatsikira Patient yari afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo umwishingizi asaba indishyi hagati ya RSSB na Phoenix, akaba yazisaba RSSB ari uko yatakaje umushahara. [30] Urukiko rurasanga ibaruwa RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira Patient ku wa 15/9/2020 ari ikimenyetso gishya kuko nta kuntu Ndatsikira Patient yari gushobora kumenya amakuru yahawe na RSSB mu gihe yarimo kuburana na PHOENIX, kuko ntacyo yari gusaba RSSB mu gihe yari agikurikiranye ubwishyu kuri PHOENIX ; bivuze ko mu gihe yari akiri mu manza za PHOENIX atari gushobora no gusaba ubwishyu muri RSSB ngo ahabwe amakuru yahawe kuko atemerewe gukurikirana ubwishyu kuri ibyo bigo byombi icyarimwe. Akaba ari nayo mpamvu yiyambaje RSSB amaze kubona ko mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG hafashwe icyemezo ko yareze uwo atagombaga kurega bituma ahabwa amakuru ko umukozi wakoze impanuka asaba RSSB indishyi mu gihe gusa yatakaje umushahara we bitewe n’iyo mpanuka kandi amaze kugaragaza ko atakurikiranye ikigo cy’ubwishingizi cyishingiye ikinyabiziga cyateje iyo mpanuka. [31] Rurasanga kandi ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka kuko muri iyo baruwa hagaragaramo Itegeko No 06/2003 ryo ku wa 22/3/2003 rihindura kandi ryuzuza itegeko-teka ryo ku wa 22/08/1974 rigenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi, Urukiko Rukuru rutari rwabonye mu gihe rwacaga urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, rigaragaza ko Ndatsikira Patient yari kurega RSSB mu gihe gusa yari kuba yatakaje umushahara kandi atakurikiranye ikigo cy’ubwishingizi cyishingiye ikinyabiziga cyateje impanuka. Iyo rero Urukiko Rukuru ruza kubona iri Tegeko ntabwo rwari kwemeza ko Ndatsikira Patient yareze uwo atagombaga kurega cyane ko ataregeraga gutakaza umushahara kubera impanuka yagize, ahubwo yaregeraga indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’imodoka ifite plaque RAC 523 Y yo mu bwoko bwa kamyo Mitsubishi yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risque/ omnium) muri Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd. [32] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko RSSB yandikiye Ndatsikira Patient ku wa 15/9/2020 ari ikimenyetso gishya cyagombaga gutuma ikirego cye cyo gusuzubirishamo ingingo nshya urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG cyakirwa. Kuba rero ikirego cye kitarakiwe bivuze ko yarenganyijwe n’urubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021 asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. 2.Kumenya niba indishyi Ndatsikira Patient yari yaragenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE zigomba kugumaho [33] Uhagarariye Ndatsikira Patient avuga ko impanuka Ndatsikira Patient yagize atari iy’akazi ahubwo ari impanuka yo mu muhanda. Asobanura ko mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, Urukiko mu gufata icyemezo rwanzuye ko impanuka Ndatsikira Patient yakoze ari iy’akazi atari iyo mu muhanda, bityo ko indishyi asaba yagakwiye kujya kuzisaba RSSB, rwirengagija nkana amategeko, aho rwafashe inyandiko z’abahanga (doctrine) rukazisimbuza Itegeko kandi Itegeko riri hejuru y’inyandiko z’abahanga.

## Page 11

[34] Avuga kandi ko rwirengagije ingingo ya 4, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko -Teka Nº 32/75 ryo ku wa 07/08/1975 ryerekeye ubwishingire butegetswe ku buryozwe butezwe n’ibigenzwa ku butaka bifite moteri, aho igira iti: “Les personnes bénéficiant des lois spéciales sur la réparation des dommages résultant d’accident du travail, sauf dans la mesure oú ces personnes conservent une action en résponsabilité civile contre l’assuré”, bikaba bishatse kuvuga ko abantu barindwa n’amategeko yihariye mu kugunerwa indishyi zikomoka ku byago by’akazi, keretse iyo abo bantu bahisemo gukurikirana indishyi ku wishingiwe. Bivuze ko Ndatsikira Patient yari afite amahitamo yo kuba yagobokwa na Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd cyangwa se RSSB, ko ari yo mpamvu yahisemo Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd. Kandi ko ibyo bihura n’ibikubiye mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 15/09/2020 yanditswe na RSSB, aho yagaragaje ko Ndatsikira Patient yari afite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo yasaba indishyi hagati ya Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd na RSSB ngo kuko ari ko Itegeko ribiteganya. [35] Asobanura kandi ko ibyo ubihuje n’amasezerano y’ubwishyingizi Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yagiranye na nyiri ikinyabiziga, mu ngingo yayo ya 2, ivuga ko yishingira ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risque), usanga iyi itaragombaga guhunga inshingano zayo. Ko ariko mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije amasezerano y’ubwishingizi yo ku wa 01/01/2018 yagombaga kurangira ku wa 31/12/2018, bigatuma rurenganya Ndatsikira Patient. [36] Avuga na none ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire niruramuka rwemeje ko Ndatsikira Patient yagiriwe akarengane rwazategeka ko indishyi zingana na 28.818.983Frw yagenewe mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE zigumaho. Asaba kandi ko hakwiyongeraho 50.000Frw ya expertise médico-legale Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwanze kumugenera kandi yarayatangiye ikimenyetso kigizwe n’inyandiko (bordéreau) yayishyuriyeho. [37] Uhagarariye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd avuga ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, kuko ibaruwa ya RSSB idashobora gusimbura amategeko kuko ingingo ya 19 y’Itegeko Nº 66/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, iteganya ko umukozi wagize impanuka cyangwa indwara, bikomoka ku murimo yarateganyirijwe n’umukoresha we mu Kigo cy’Ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda, yishyurwa hakurikijwe amategeko agenga ubwiteganyirize bw’abakozi mu Rwanda, bityo ko Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd isanga iri ari ryo Tegeko ryihariye ariko ko Ndatsikira Patient adashingira kuri iyi ngingo ngo ajye muri RSSB gusaba ibyo amategeko amugenera. Ngo keretse niba agaragaza ko BRALIRWA itamuteganyizaga muri iki kigo. [38] Avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko kuzasuzuma niba impanuka Ndatsikira Patient yagize ari ikomoka ku murimo cyangwa ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga, kuko yasabye indishyi ashingiye ku Iteka ya Perezida riteganya indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka zatejwe n’ibinyabiziga, kandi we yaragiriye impanuka y’imodoka ifite plaque RAC 523Y muri parikingi ya BRALIRWA. [39] Avuga na none ko ku bijyanye n’izi ndishyi zingana na 28.818.983Frw, Ndatsikira Patient asaba, Urukiko Rukuru rutagombaga kuzimuha kuko rwasanze yarazisabye uwo atagombaga kuzisaba hashingiwe ku kuba yarazisabaga ashingiye ku mategeko arebana n’impanuka zo mu muhanda kandi atari ho yakoreye impanuka. Ku bijyanye na 50.000Frw ya Expertise Ndatsikira Patient asaba avuga ko ntayo yahabwa kuko ari inyandiko yasabye ku bwe agamije gutangiza

## Page 12

urubanza, ko iyo ikirego cye kiza guhabwa ishingiro yari kujya mu ndishyi yasabye. Ko rero yari kuyasubizwa mu gihe iyo Expertise yari kuba yarayitumwe n’Urukiko kubw’impaka zo kutumvikana ku gipimo cy’ubumuga. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba impanuka Ndatsikira Patient yagize ari impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga yishyurwa n’umwishingizi, no kumenya niba indishyi yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu rubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE zagumaho. [41] Amategeko yo mu Rwanda ntabwo asobanura itandukaniro riri hagati impanuka y’akazi cyangwa impanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga, akaba ari yo mpamvu mu gusubiza iki kibazo uru Rukiko rugomba kwifashisha imanza zaciwe zatanze umurongo kuri iki kibazo. [42] Mu rubanza RCAA00003/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/12/2020, Habakubaho Samson yaburanye na SORWATRACO Ltd na SANLAM AG Ltd, uru Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ku bijyanye n’impanuka y’akazi, abahanga mu mategeko Raymond Guillien na Jean Vincent, bavuga ko impanuka y’akazi ari akaga kagwira umuntu gakomotse ku kazi akora hatitawe ku cyayiteje, ukorera umushahara cyangwa ukora mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, yaba akorera umukoresha umwe cyangwa benshi. [43] Uru Rukiko rwasobanuye kandi ko ku bijyanye n’impanuka Habakubaho Samson yagize, n’ubwo yari ku kazi ko gupakurura ibinyobwa bya Bralirwa abivana mu modoka ya SORWATRAKO Ltd, impanuka yagize itaratewe n’ibyo yapakururaga ku buryo byakwitwa impanuka y’akazi (fait du travail), ahubwo yaraturutse ku kibazo ikinyabiziga ubwacyo cyari gifite (problémes d’ordre mécanique) cy’urugi rwayo rutari rukwikiye cyangwa rufashe nk’uko bikwiye bigatuma rumugwira, ibyo bibazo bikaba bitari mu byishingiwe mu masezerano SORWATRACO Ltd yagiranye na SANLAM AG Ltd, harebwe ibikubiye mu ngingo yayo ya 8 yagaragajwe haruguru, bivuze ko SANLAM AG Ltd itaryozwa indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka Habakubaho Samson yagize. Rusanga kandi iyo mpanuka itaryozwa umukoresha wa Habakubaho Samson, kuko impanuka yagize itakwitwa iy’akazi mu gihe ntaho ihuriye n’akazi yakoraga3 [44] Ku bijyanye n’uru rubanza, dosiye igaragaramo inyandikomvugo y’impanuka yakozwe ku wa 11/05/2018, igaragaza ko ku wa 11/05/2018 saa 16:40 mu Karere ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Kibungo, mu Kagari ka Cyasemakamba kuri depo ya BRALIRWA habereye impanuka y’imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa Camion Mitsubishi ifite plaque RAC 523Y yariparitse (ihagaze) barimo bayipakira amagaziye y’inzoga, imodoka yasubiye inyuma yonyine ntawe uyitwaye maze igonga indi modoka yari inyuma yayo Camionnette Fuso Mitsubishi ifite plaque RAD 159 P, izo modoka zombi zirangirika, hanakomereka Ndatsikira Patient wari muri iyo modoka yisubije inyuma yavuzwe haruguru. Igaragaza kandi ko impanuka yatewe n’ikibazo iyo modoka yari ifite (défaut mécanique) kuko yonyine yishubije inyuma ntawe uyitwaye igonga indi. 3 Reba igika cya 31 cy’urubanza RCAA 00003/2020/CA.

## Page 13

[45] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo kandi amasezerano yo ku wa 15/01/2018, yabaye hagati ya Bralirwa na Phoenix of Rwanda Assurance Company yahindutse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd. Ingingo ya 2 y’ayo masezerano iteganya ko Umwishingizi azishyura indishyi abishingiwe bagomba kwishyurwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko mu gihe habaye urupfu cyangwa gukomeretsa umubiri ku muntu uwo ari we wese, habaye kwangiza cyangwa kwangirika kw’ibintu biturutse ku mpanuka yatewe cyangwa bifitanye isano n’icyo kinyabiziga gifite moteri.4 [46] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru Ndatsikira Patient yakomerejwe n’impanuka yagize ubwo yari mu modoka ifite plaque RAC 523Y yo mu bwoko bwa Camion Mitsubishi yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risque/omnium) muri Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd arimo kubara amakaziye ya BRARIRWA, ko iyo modoka yari muri parikingi, hanyuma isubira inyuma yonyine ntawe uyitwaye bikamuviramo gukomereka. [47] Urukiko rushingiye ku bisobanuro byatanzwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru rurasanga nubwo Ndatsikira Patient yari mu kazi ariko kuba atarakomerekejwe n’amagaziye yari ashinzwe kubara ntabwo byakwitwa ko yagize impanuka y’akazi, ahubwo impanuka yagize yatewe nuko imodoka Ndatsikira Patient yari arimo yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye ikagonga indi noneho bikamuviramo gukomereka. Kuba rero iyo modoka yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risque/omnium) kuko umwishingizi yishingiye impanuka yatewe cyangwa ifitanye isano n’icyo kinyabiziga gifite moteri, umwishingizi ni we ugomba kuryozwa indishyi zijyanye n’iyo mpanuka. [48] Urukiko rurasanga muri ayo masezerano Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company yahindutse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yariyemeje kwishyura indishyi zikomoka ku mpanuka yatewe n’ikinyabiziga yishingiye. Kuba rero Ndatsikira Patient yarakomerekejwe n’uko imodoka yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye byumvikanisha ko iyo modoka ari yo yateje impanuka yakomereje Ndatsikira Patient. Rurasanga na none kuba impanuka yarabereye kuri BRALIRWA iparitse ntacyo bihindura ngo byitwe ko Ndatsikira Patient yagize impanuka y’akazi, kuko mu masezerano y’ubwishingizi impande zombi zumvikanye ko hishingiwe ibijyanye n’impanuka iyo ari yo yose yatewe n’ikinyabiziga cyishingiwe. Urukiko rurasanga nta cyari kubuza Ndatsikira Patient kurega Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd. [49] Ku byo uhagarariye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd avuga ko nta ndishyi ikwiye gucibwa kuko atari impanuka yo mu muhanda ahubwo ari impanuka y’akazi, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru, Ndatsikira Patient yakomerekejwe n’imodoka ya ifite plaque RAC 523Y yo mu bwoko bwa Camion MITSUBISHI yari ifite ubwishingizi bw’ibyago byose icyo kinyabiziga cyateza (tout risque) muri Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd yasubiye inyuma ntawe uyitwaye, ntabwo yakomerekejwe n’amakaziye yarimo abara ngo byitwe impanuka y’akazi; bityo rero indishyi zihwanye na 28.298.983Frw zikubiyemo 22.725.523Frw y’indishyi mbangamirabukungu, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro, 1.620.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamira ry’uburanga 1.677.360Frw y’indishyi z’ibangamiraburambe ku kazi, 1.080.000Frw y’indishyi zo gutakaza amahirwe yo gushaka na 116.100Frw y’ibyo yatakaje, Urukiko Rwisumbuye 4The Insurer will indemnify the claimants which the insured shall become legally liable to pay in respects of death of or bodily injury to any person damage and/ to property when such death or injury and/or damage arises out of an accident caused by or in relation to the Motor Vehicle.

## Page 14

rwa Nyarugenge rwategetse Phoenix Of Rwanda Assurance Company Ltd kwishyura Ndatsikira Patient zigumyeho. [50] Ku bijyanye no kumenya niba amafaranga yatanzwe na Ndatsikira Patient akoresha expertise médico-légale nayo yakwishyuzwa MUA Assurance, Urukiko rusanga ayo mafaranga ari muyo yasabye mu myanzuro ye atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kandi akaba yarayatangiye n’ikimenyetso kigizwe n’inyandiko y’aho yayishyuriye (bordéreau de versement No 475595) yo ku wa 20/06/2018 ya I&M BANK Ltd ariko mu gikacya 19 cy’urubanza RC00047/2019/TGI/NYGE, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwamugeneye 5.000Frw ya expertise médicale kandi yaragaragaje ikimenyetso ki yishyuye 50.000Frw, bikaba rero byumvikana ko mu mafaranga agomba guhabwa na Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd hagomba kwiyongeraho ikinyuranyo cya 50.000Frw na 5.000Frw gihwanye na 45.000Frw. Yose hamwe akaba 28.343.983Frw. 3.Kumenya niba Ndatsikira Patient akwiye gusubizwa amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG [51] Uhagarariye Ndatsikira Patient avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubujurire nirusanga Ndatsikira Patient hari akarengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG, rwazategeka ko asubizwa indishyi yishyuye

harangizwa

urubanza

RSA/REV/RC

00001/2020/HC/KIG

n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG zingana na 1.250.000Frw nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyemezabwishyu zo muri GT Bank Plc. [52] Uhagarariye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yiregura kuri izi ndishyi Ndatsikira Patient asaba avuga ko ntazo akwiye guhabwa kuko nta karengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [53] Ingingo ya 3, igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [54] Imikirize y’urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021, igaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko Ndatsikira Patient agomba guha Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. Imikirize y’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020, igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse Ndatsikira Patient guha Phoenix Of Rwanda Company Ltd 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’ibyo yatanze ku rubanza no kumusubiza igarama. [55] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaramo inyandiko zigaragaza ko Ndatsikira Patient yashyize kuri konti ya MUA Insurance Rwanda Ltd iri muri GT BANK amafaranga ahwanye 1.250.000Frw. Urukiko rurasanga rero kuba bigaragara ko Ndatsikira Patient yarenganyijwe muri izo manza

## Page 15

yarangije, agomba gusubizwa na MUA Insurance Rwanda Ltd ayo mafaranga yishyuye arangiza izo manza ahwanye na 1.250.000Frw. 4.Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ibyagiye ku rubanza asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [56] Uhagarariye Ndatsikira Patient ashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ku ngingo ya 269 y’iryo Tegeko, no ku ngingo za 34 na 32 z’Amabwiriza rusange ashiraho ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd kwishyura Ndatsikira Patient amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza atahawe mu rubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG angana na 800.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 200.000Frw, no gusubizwa 40.000Frw y’ingwate y’igarama atahawe mu rubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG, kuko Urukiko rwanze kwakira ikirego cye rukamurenganya na 800.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [57] Avuga kandi ko asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd guha Ndatsikira Patient 3.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka 1.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [58] Uhagarariye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd yiregura ku ndishyi Ndatsikira Patient asaba avuga ko ntazo akwiye guhabwa, kuko mu manza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG na RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG inkiko zazigennye mu bwigenge bwazo zimaze kubona ko ikirego cye kidafite ishingiro, ko kandi n’iyo zagenwa, hashingirwa ku Mabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka rukagena igihembo fatizo hakurikijwe uburemere bw’urubanza. Ngo naho ku ndishyi zo kuri uru rwego asaba, avuga ko nta shingiro zifite, kuko nta karengane yagiriwe mu rubanza asubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, ko ariko Urukiko ruramutse rubibonye ukundi, rwazashingira ku Mabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera by’Abavoka rukagena igihembo fatizo hashingiwe ku buremere bw’Urubanza, aho gushingira ku cyifuzo cya Ndatsikira Patient. Kandi ko n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 1.000.000Frw asaba ntayo yahabwa kuko atayagaragariza ibimenyetso. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [59] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 28/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira : “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [60] Urukiko rurasanga Ndatsikira Patient agomba kugenerwa amafaranga yatakaje akurikirana anaburana uru rubanza, ariko ayo asaba ni menshi hakurikijwe ibyakozwe mu rubanza, mu bushishozi bwarwo rumugeneye 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, 500.000 y’igihembo cya Avoka yo mu Rukiko Rukuru

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yiyongera kuri 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka yari yagenewe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, yose hamwe akaba 1.700.000Frw agomba gutangwa na Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd. Rurasanga kandi igomba kumusubiza 60.000Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega, akubiyemo 20.000Frw yatanze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge na 40.000Frw yatanze asubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya mu Rukiko Rukuru. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [61] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Ndatsikira Patient cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane urubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021, gifite ishingiro. [62] Rwemeje ko urubanza RSA/REV/RC00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021 ruhindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose. [63] Rutegetse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd guha Ndatsikira Patient 28.343.983Frw y’indishyi nk’uko zasobanuwe haruguru. [64] Rutegetse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd gusubiza Ndatsikira Patient 1.250.000Frw yishyuye Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd harangizwa urubanza RSA/REV/RC 00001/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/09/2021, n’urubanza RCA00376/2019/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 08/05/2020. [65] Rutegetse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd guha Ndatsikira Patient 1.700.000Frw akubiyemo ay’ikurikiranarubanza n‘ay’igihembo cya Avoka ku nzego zose. [66] Rutegetse Mua Insurance Rwanda Ltd gusubiza Ndatsikira Patient 60.000Frw y’amagarama yatanze arega ku rwego rwa mbere no mu Rukiko Rukuru.