UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYAMBAJE

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYAMBAJE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00478/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

Text

Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYAMBAJE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00478/2022/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 24 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ibimenyetso – Mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale). Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya ibihano nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zidafite ishingiro – Iyo hari impamvu zirimo kuba aribwo uwakoze icyaha yari akiva mu bwana, kandi nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho mu buryo buzwi cyangwa ngo habe hari indi myitwarire mibi yagiye imuranga mbere, nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kabone nubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zaba zidafite ishingiro. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ndayambaje mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze nyuma yo kumucyekaho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 3, muri Urwo Rukiko ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Ndayambaye yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atakoze, ko nta bimenyetso byerekana ko yamusambanyije, ko ahubwo uwo mwana yamuvuze kuko yari azi izina rye, ko kandi atasuzumwe ngo barebe niba ari we wamusambanyije. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayambaje nta shingiro bufite, rwemeza ko

hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze. Ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywa byatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha birimo imvugo za nyina w’umwana ndetse n’izabatangabuhamya na raporo ya muganga. Ku ruhande rw’Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ibimenyetso byatanzwe bihagije ndetse bidashidikanywaho ahubwo uregwa atabasha kubivuguruza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale).

2. Iyo hari impamvu zirimo kuba aribwo uwakoze icyaha yari akiva mu bwana, kandi nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho mu buryo buzwi cyangwa ngo habe hari indi myitwarire mibi yagiye imuranga mbere, nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanya igihano hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe kabone nubwo ubujurire bwaba budafite ishingiro. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Page 2

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00692/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023. RPAA 00523/2022/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Cyuzuzo Pascal n’abandi rwaciwe ku wa 25/06/2024 RPAA 00039/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021. RPAA 00182/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nkurunziza Silas rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. RPAA 00454/2023/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Maniragena Maniraho Léopold bita Sabena rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ndayambaje yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’imyaka itatu (3) wiswe I.O mu rubanza rujuririrwa, nyina w’uwo mwana akaba yaravuze ko Ndayambaje yasanze uwo mwana aho yari yamusize ari kumwe n’abandi bana bakajyana aho yakoraga ku kiraro cy’ingurube, ko hari abatangabuhamya bamubonye amugaruye, nyuma agiye kumukarabya ararira, amubajije icyo yabaye amubwira ko Ndayambaje yamubabaje ku kadudu, nawe arebye asanga habyimbye ahita amujyana kwa muganga, Ndayambaje atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku mvugo z’umubyeyi w’uwo mwana, imvugo ya Ndayambaje mu Bugenzacyaha aho yemeye ko yajyanye uwo mwana mu rugo ubwo yari amukurikiye, n’abatangabuhamya bemeje ko bamubonye avanye uwo mwana aho aba, raporo y’inzego

z’ibanze ivuga ko yasambanyije uwo mwana na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Ndayambaje yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko ibyo bamurega ari ukumubeshyera ko kandi yibaza impamvu nawe atasuzumwe. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00663/2019/TGI/MUS ku wa 26/06/2020 rusanga icyaha ashinjwa yaragikoze kubera impamvu zikurikira:  Kuba nyina w’umwana wasambanyijwe yarasobanuye ko ubwo yamukarabyaga yamubwiye ko Ndayambaje yamukoze ku kadudu, nawe arebye asanga habyimbye;  Kuba hari abatangabuhamya bavuze ko babonye Ndayambaje afite uwo mwana ku rutugu amugaruye aho abandi bana bakiniraga;  Kuba mu Bugenzacyaha Ndayambaje yaravuze ko uwo mwana yamukurikiye mu rugo (aho yakoreraga akazi ko kuragira ingurube), naho kuba mu Bushinjacyaha yaravuze ko yahuye n’uwo mwana ubwo yari agarutse avuye ku kiraro akamusubiranayo amuteruye nta gaciro byahabwa, kuko yabivuze agamije kuyobya uburari mu rwego rwo guhunga icyaha;

Page 3

 Kuba raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko hari ibimenyetso by’uko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe; Rushingiye kuri izo mpamvu, Urukiko rwemeje ko Ndayambaje ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Ndayambaje yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atakoze, ko nta bimenyetso byerekana ko yamusambanyije, ko ahubwo uwo mwana yamuvuze kuko yari azi izina rye, ko kandi atasuzumwe ngo barebe niba ari we wamusambanyije. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko rwa mbere rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bihagije kandi bidashidikanywaho birimo imvugo za nyina w’umwana, iz’abatangabuhamya na raporo ya muganga, ko rero hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwa mbere. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPAA 00456/2020/HC/MUS ku wa 11/03/2022, narwo rusanga hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko Ndayambaje yasambanyije I.O nk’uko byemejwe ku rwego rwa mbere, birimo :  Imvugo ya Ndayambaje mu Bugenzacyaha aho yemeye ko yajyanye I.O aho yabaga;  Imvugo ya nyina w’uwo mwana wavuze ibyo uwo mwana yamubwiye n’ibyo yiboneye;  Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babonye Ndayambaje agaruye uwo mwana aho abandi bakiniraga;  Raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yari afite ibimenyetso by’uko yasambanyijwe;  Rwasanze kandi ibyo Ndayambaje avuga by’uko umwana yamuvuze kuko yari azi izina rye nta shingiro

bifite, kuko atashoboye gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ku wa 22/09/2019 atari kumwe n’uwo mwana. Rwemeje rero ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko hagomba kugumaho igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [8] Ndayambaje yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00478/2022/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 05/09/2024, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Rwahama Zacharie wavuze ko akoresha umwanzuro watanzwe na mugenzi we, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Habanje gusuzumwa ibirebana n’izina rya Ndayambaje kuko mu manza za mbere no mu zindi nyandiko ziri muri dosiye handitse izina rya Ndayambaje ryonyine, ariko mu bujurire bwa kabiri yongeraho Erneste, nyuma y’uko Ndayambaje asobanuriye Urukiko ko Erneste yaryiswe nyuma yo kubatizwa aho afungiye, hemejwe ko akomeza kuburanishwa yitwa Ndayambaje gusa kuko Erneste ritari mu byangombwa bye, hanemezwa ko nomero y’urubanza yanditswe mu nyandiko y’ubujurire (RPA 00220/2020/HC/MUS) ko ari rwo rujuririrwa, yanditswe kubwo kwibeshya, cyane cyane ko Ndayambaje yasobanuye ko yayandikiwe n’undi kuko we atazi kwandika, ko rero urubanza ari urufite RPA 00456/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 11/03/2022.

Page 4

[10] Ku birebana n’ubujurire, mu myanzuro no mu miburanire, Ndayambaje n’umwunganira bavuga ko icyo banenga urubanza rwajuririwe ari uko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. [11] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite, kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bihagije kandi nta gushidikanya kubirimo, ahubwo Ndayambaje akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. [12] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarahamije icyaha Ndayambaje rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA Kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarahamije icyaha Ndayambaje rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho [13] Ndayambaje n’umwunganira bavuga ko icyo banenga urubanza rwajuririye ari uko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana rushingiye ku bimenyetso bishidikanywaho bigizwe n’imvugo za nyina w’uwo mwana, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, raporo ya munganga hamwe n’’imvugo ya Ndayambaje ubwe. [14] Basobanura ko impamvu imvugo za nyina w’umwana zishidikanywaho ari uko yavuze ko uwo mwana yamubwiye ko Ndayambaje yamubabaje ku kadudu nawe yareba agasanga habyimbye, ko ariko iyo biba byo ataba yarabyihereranye ahubwo aba yaragize undi abyereka. [15] Ku birebana n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, Ndayambaje n’umwunganira basobanura ko impamvu zishidikanywaho ari uko bavuze ko babonye Ndayambaje

agaruye umwana aho yari yamukuye, ariko bakaba batarigeze bavuga ko bamubonye amusambanya. [16] Bavuga kandi ko impamvu raporo ya muganga itagombaga gushingirwaho kuko ishidikanywaho, ari uko ibyagaragaye ku gitsina cy’umwana bitavuze ko byanze bikunze byatewe no gusambanywa, ko ndetse no kuba Ndayambaje yaravuze ko umwana yamukurikiye akamugarura, ubwabyo bitavuze ko yamusambanyije. [17] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Ndayambaje n’umwunganira bavuga bitahabwa agaciro, kuko ibimenyetso byashingiweho bihagije kandi nta gushidikanya kubirimo, ahubwo Ndayambaje akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. [18] Asobanura ko ku birebana n’imvugo za nyina w’umwana wasambanyijwe, kuvuga ko nta wundi muntu yabwiye ibyo umwana yari amaze kumubwira, ntacyo ababivuga bashingiraho haba ku itegeko cyangwa imanza zaba zaraciwe, ko n’ibyo avuga ko abatangabuhamya batavuze ko bamubonye asambanya uwo mwana, nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibyo bavuze byahujwe n’ibindi bimenyetso, bakaba baravuze ko bamubonye ateruye uwo mwana nk’uko nawe yabyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha ko umwana yamukurikiye bakajyana. [19] Avuga kandi ko raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko hari ibimenyetso by’uko umwana yasambanyijwe, ko kandi atari ngombwa ko haba habayeho kwinjiza igitsina mu cye, ko rero

Page 5

ibimenyetso byashingiweho byuzuzanya kandi bikaba bihamya Ndayambaje icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko byemejwe mu manza za mbere.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Ku byerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, byasesenguwe mu rubanza RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, Urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Uyu murongo kandi wagiye ukurikizwa mu zindi manza zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza RPAA 00523/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 25/06/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Pascal n’abandi. [21] Mu Rukiko Rukuru aho Ndayambaje yari yajuriye avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nta bimenyetso byerekana ko yagikoze, urwo Rukiko narwo rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bikimuhamya nk’uko byibukijwe haruguru, birimo imvugo za nyina w’umwana wasobanuye uko yamenye ko umwana we yasambanyijwe, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babonye Ndayambaje agaruye uwo mwana aho abandi bari bari, raporo ya muganga ivuga ko hari ibimenyetso by’uko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe n’imvugo ya Ndayambaje wemeye ko yajyanye uwo mwana aho yabaga. [22] Urukiko rurasanga harebwe ibyo Ndayambaje anenga ibyo bimenyetso, bigaragara ko abishingira ku kuba areba buri kimenyetso ukwacyo akavuga ko kitamushinja

icyaha, kandi nyamara ibyo bimenyetso bigomba kureberwa hamwe, kuko icyaha nk’icyo akurikiranweho kidakorerwa ahagaragara, bityo usibye mu gihe uwagikoze yafatirwa mu cyuho, kumenya uwagikoze bisaba kurebera hamwe ibimenyetso byatanzwe, aho kureba kimwe ukwacyo. [23] Ku birebana n’imvugo za nyina w’umwana, Ndayambaje n’umwunganira bavuga ko zishidikanywaho, dosiye igaragaza ko icyo uwo mubyeyi yavuze ari uko yagiye gukarabya umwana akarira, amubajije impamvu amubwira ko Ndayambaje yamubabaje ku kadudu nawe arebye asanga ku gitsina habyimbye, umwana anamubwira ko Ndayambaje yamujyanye ku buriri akamwambika ubusa akamuryamaho, Urukiko rukaba rusanga kuba ataragize undi abibwira, atari byo bituma ibyo yavuze ndetse yanabonye ku mwana bishidikanywaho, cyane cyane ko bitashingiweho byonyine mu guhamya icyaha Ndayambaje, kuko byahujwe n’ibindi bimenyetso byavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, birimo cyane cyane ibyo Ndayambaje yiyemereye mu Bugenzacyaha kuko yemeye ko yajyanye uwo mwana mu rugo, hakaba n’abatangabuhamya bavuze ko bamubonye agaruye uwo mwana ndetse na raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko hari ibimenyetso by’uko umwana yasambanyijwe. [24] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Ndayambaje anenga abatangabuhamya by’uko ntawavuze ko yamubonye asambanya I.O, biterwa n’ubundi n’uko areba icyo kimenyetso ukwacyo, ariko n’ubwo abo batangabuhamya batavuze ko yabonye Ndayambaje asambanya umwana, baravuze ko batamubonye amujyana ariko ko bamubonye amugaruye aho basanzwe babasiga, ibi bikaba bihura n’ibyo umwana yabwiye nyina ko Ndayambaje yamujyanye akamwambika ubusa akamuryamaho, bikaza gushimangirwa na raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko umwana yari afite ibimenyetso by’uko yasambanyijwe.

Page 6

[25] Ku bivugwa na Ndayambaje n’umwunganira ko ibyagaragaye ku gitsina cy’umwana bitavuze ko byanze bikunze byatewe no gusambanywa, bakabishingiraho bavuga ko raporo ya muganga ishidikanywaho, Urukiko rurasanga nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko batavuga ikindi cyaba cyarateye ibyo raporo yagaragaje, mu gihe muganga wahawe ubutumwa bwo gusuzuma umwana no kugaragaza niba yarasambanyijwe, yasanze ku gitsina hari ibisebe 1, mu mwanzuro avuga ko hari ibimenyetso bikiri bishya by’uko yasambanyijwe n’ubwo hatabayeho kwinjiza igitsina mu cy’umwana2. Urukiko rurasanga rero, iyo raporo irebewe hamwe n’ibyo umwana yabwiye nyina, ibyo Ndayambaje yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha n’ibyo abatangabuhamya bavuze, nta gushidikanya ko ibyo yagaragaje nta wundi wahuzwa nabyo usibye Ndayambaje. [26] Naho ku birebana n’imvugo ya Ndayambaje, we n’umwunganira bavuga ko itamushinja ngo kuko kuba yaravuze ko umwana yamukurikiye akamugarura, ubwabyo bitavuze ko yamusambanyije, Urukiko rurasanga nabyo babivuga barebye iyo mvugo ukwayo, nyamara kuba yaremeye ko yamujyanye, bigahuzwa n’uko umwana yavuze ko bagezeyo akamwambika ubusa akamujya hejuru, akanavuga ko yamubababaje ku kadudu, na nyina yareba agasanga habyimbye, muganga nawe akagaragaza ko hari ibimenyetso by’uko yasambanyijwe, byumvikana ko imvugo ya Ndayambaje yuzuzanya n’ibindi bimenyetso kandi ikaba ari ikimenyetso kimushinja. [27] Urukiko rurasanga rero

ibimenyetso byashingiweho birebewe hamwe, nta gushidikanya bitera, ahubwo byuzuzanya kandi bihamya icyaha Ndayambaje nk’uko yagihamijwe kuva ku rwego rwa mbere, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [28] Urukiko rurasanga ariko n’ubwo ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, hasuzumwa ibirebana n’igihano kugira ngo harebwe niba icyo yahawe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Shakabatenda Jean de Dieu, wanakurikijwe mu zindi manza za vuba, harimo urubanza RPAA 00182/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nkurunziza Silas. [29] Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo icyaha Ndayambaje yakoze gifite uburemere, ariko na none bigaragara ko igihe yagikoraga aribwo yari akiva mu bwana afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) kandi hashingiwe ku bigaragazwa na dosiye akaba nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho mu buryo buzwi cyangwa ngo habe hari indi myitwarire mibi yagiye imuranga mbere, bityo izi mpamvu zikaba zarashoboraga gushingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [30] Mu kugabanya icyo gihano, Urukiko rurashingira ku zindi manza zaciwe ku bantu baregwaga icyaha nk’icyo Ndayambaje akurikiranyweho, harimo urubanza

RPAA 00454/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/06/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Maniragena Maniraho Léopold bita Sabena wari mu kigero kimwe na Ndayambaje kuko yari afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) agasambanya umwana uri munsi y’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), Urukiko rukaba rwaramugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku mpamvu z’uko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranweho icyaha mu buryo buzwi kandi akaba yaranakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu(15), bityo mu rwego rwo gutanga ibihano bisa ku bibazo bisa Ndayambaje

1 Lacerations between major labia and minor labia 2 She has fresh evidence of being raped sexually. There was no penis penetration in vagina=hymen intact

Page 7

nawe akaba yahanishwa icyo gihano, bivuze ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayambaje nta shingiro bufite ; [32] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00456/2020/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 11/03/2022, ihindutse gusa ku byerekeye igihano Ndayambaje yari yahanishijwe; [33] Rumuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ; [34] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta kuko Ndayambaje yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.