NDAYAMBAJE

# NDAYAMBAJE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00261/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYAMBAJE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00261/2022/CA (Mukandamage, P.J.) 18 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Inyito y’icyaha – Itandukaniro riri hagati y’icyaha cy'ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake n'icyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu – Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake ukiregwa nta bushake bwo gukora igikorwa kibujijwe aba yagize n’ubwo ibikorwa bye bigira ingaruka zitera urupfu, mu gihe ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu ukiregwa aba yagize ubushake bwo gukora ibikorwa bibujijwe bikaza kuvamo urupfu ariko ataricyo cyari kigamijwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma, uregwa akurikiranywe ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye umuvandimwe we Nzitonda ubwo uyu yari atashye yasinze, yakinguje Ndayambaje(uregwa) akanga kumukingurira avuga ko yatinze gutaha; nyuma y’impaka akaza kumukingurira bakarwana, muri uko kurwana akaba aribwo Ndayambaje yamukubise urushyi rwo ku itama, Nzitonda akazengerezwa, akongera akamukubita umugeri mu mugongo, akagwa hasi yubamye agahita apfa. Ndayambaje yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa agisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko mukuru we Nzitonda yatashye yasinze atongana biza kubaviramo kurwana, ariko ko atari agamije kumwica. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa akaba ataragoye inzego z’ubutabera, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa kuko icyaha yakoze atigeze akigambirira. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza nuko rusanga ibyo kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yamaze kubikorerwa, kuko aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganyirijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoze, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Uregwa nanone ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi. Asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta mugambi wo kwica mukuru we yari afite, ko ahubwo ibyabaye ari impanuka cyane ko nta kibazo bari basanzwe bafitanye. Mu myanzuro y’inyongera yatanzwe n’umwunganizi we mu mategeko, yasabye kandi ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi akaregwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko bwemeranywa n’uregwa ko hagendewe ku mikorere y’icyaha, nta bushake bwo kwica bugaragara mu bikorwa Ndayambaje akurikiranweho. Icyakora bukavuga ko ibikorwa Ndayambaje yakoze na none bitakwitwa kwica bidaturutse ku bushake ahubwo busanga icyaha akwiye guhanirwa ari icyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake ukiregwa nta bushake bwo gukora igikorwa kibujijwe aba yagize n’ubwo ibikorwa bye bigira ingaruka zitera urupfu; mu gihe ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu ukiregwa aba yagize ubushake bwo gukora ibikorwa bibujijwe bikaza kuvamo urupfu ariko ataricyo cyari kigamijwe.

## Page 2

Ubujurire bufite ishingiro; Uregwa ahamwa no gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49, 111 n’iya 121. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00558/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Habimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/01/2023. RPAA 00724/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha vs. Mutabazi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/03/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ndayambaje Felicien mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye umuvandimwe we witwa Nzitonda Jean Damascène. Busobanura ko ku wa 15/08/2019 saa sita z’ijoro, ubwo uyu Nzitonda Jean Damascène yari atashye yasinze, yakinguje Ndayambaje Felicien akanga kumukingurira avuga ko yatinze gutaha; nyuma y’impaka akaza kumukingurira bakarwana, muri uko kurwana akaba aribwo Ndayambaje Felicien yamukubise urushyi rwo ku itama, Nzitonda Jean Damascène akazengerezwa, akongera akamukubita umugeri mu mugongo, akagwa hasi yubamye agahita apfa. Ndayambaje Felicien yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa agisabira imbabazi, asobanura ko mukuru we Nzitonda Jean Damascène yatashye yasinze atongana biza kubaviramo kurwana, ariko ko atari agamije kumwica. [2] Mu rubanza nºRP 00767/2019/TGI/NGOMA rwaciwe ku wa 18/09/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma rushingiye ku kuba Ndayambaje Felicien yaraburanye yemera ko yakubise mukuru we Nzitonda Jean Damascène urushyi n’umugeri mu mugongo akagwa hasi yubamye agahita apfa, imvugo ya nyina ubabyara Ntakaberaho Marie ushinja Ndayambaje Felicien ko ari we wishe mukuru we, na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze isobanura uko Ndayambaje Felicien yishe mukuru we, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [3] Ndayambaje Felicien yajuririye igihano yahawe, mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa akaba ataragoye inzego z’ubutabera, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa kuko icyaha yakoze atigeze akigambirira. [4] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00799/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2021, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 60 na 107 z’Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ibisabwa na Ndayambaje Felicien byo kugabanyirizwa igihano nta shingiro byahabwa kuko yamaze

## Page 3

kubikorerwa, dore ko aho guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu giteganyirijwe icyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoze, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayambaje Felicien nta shingiro bufite, ko imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse. [5] Ndayambaje Felicien ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo, ajuririra Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi. Asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko nta mugambi wo kwica mukuru we yari afite, ko ahubwo ibyabaye ari impanuka cyane ko nta kibazo bari basanzwe bafitanye. Mu myanzuro y’inyongera yatanzwe n’umwunganizi we mu mategeko, yasabye kandi ko inyito y’icyaha yahinduka aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi akaregwa icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. [6] Iburanisha ryashyizwe ku wa 10 Mutarama 2023, uwo munsi ugeze Ndayambaje Felicien yitaba yunganiwe na Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na PN Ruberwa Bonaventure. [7] Muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: a. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Ndayambaje Felicien aregwa yahinduka hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byaburanwe b. Kumenya niba Ndayambaje Felicien akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano A. Kumenya niba inyito y’icyaha Ndayambaje Felicien aregwa yahinduka hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byaburanwe. [8] Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène wunganira Ndayabaje Felicien avuga ko haba mu ibazwa rya Ndayambaje Felicien ndetse no mu iburanisha, yasobanuye ko ubwo yakubitaga urushyi n’umugeri umuvandimwe we bikamuviramo urupfu atari agambiriye kumwica. Iyo imvugo ye ishimangirwa n’iy‘umubyeyi wabo Ntakaberaho Marie wasobanuye ko Nzitonda Jean Damascène yatashye yanduranya ku muvandimwe we Ndayambaje Felicien kugeza aho banzuye kurwana kugira ngo urusha indi intege ajye amwubaha. Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène avuga ko ibi bigaragaza ko uwo yunganira atigeze agambirira kwica ahubwo ari impanuka yamugwiririye, agasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gushingira ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rukemeza ko icyaha akwiye gukurikiranwaho ari icy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha nawe avuga ko bemeranywa n’uregwa ko hagendewe ku mikorere y’icyaha, nta bushake bwo kwica bugaragara mu bikorwa Ndayambaje Felicien akurikiranweho. Icyakora bukavuga ko ibikorwa Ndayambaje Felicien yakoze na none bitakwitwa kwica bidaturutse ku bushake kuko bitujuje ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ahubwo basanga icyaha akwiye guhanirwa ari icyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu giteganywa mu ngingo ya 121 igika cya nyuma y’Itegeko nº68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [10] Ku bijyanye no kuba ibyerekeye inyito y’icyaha bigiweho impaka bwa mbere kuri uru rwego mu bujurire bwa kabiri kandi Urukiko rwajuririwe rufite inshingano yo gukosora gusa

## Page 4

amakosa yakozwe n’urukiko rwaciye urubanza rujuririrwa, yaba uregwa ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha bavuga ko ku rwego urwo ari rwo rwose qualification legale y’ibikorwa iba ishobora guhinduka kuko n’ubwo uregwa yaba yajuriye yemera icyaha ariko harebwa ibikorwa yakoze yemera n’inyito ikwiye y’ibyo bikorwa. Bavuga kandi ko ibyo urukiko urwo ari rwo rwose rufite ishingino yo kubisuzuma rubyibwirije. Bityo, kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutarabikoze bikaba ari ikosa rigomba gukosorwa n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba ibikorwa Ndayambaje Felicien aregwa bigize icyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake cyangwa icyo gukubita no gukomeretsa. [12] Ingingo y’111 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko Umuntu wica undi bw’ububuraburyo, uburangare, ubushishozi buke, umwete muke, kudakurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa ubundi buteshuke bwose ariko adafite umugambi wo kumwica, aba akoze icyaha. Umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora icyaha cyo kwica bidaturutse ku bushake ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’amezi atandatu (6) ariko kitarenze imyaka ibiri (2) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000 FRW) cyangwa kimwe gusa muri ibyo bihano. Naho ingingo ya 121 igika cya mbere n’icya nyuma y’iryo tegeko iteganya ko Umuntu wese, abishaka, ukomeretsa undi, umukubita cyangwa umusagarira ku buryo bwa kiboko bubabaje aba akoze icyaha. ... Iyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu, igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni zirindwi (7.000.000 FRW). [13] Icyo izi ngingo zombi zitandukaniyeho, uretse ibyerekeranye n’ibihano, ni uko ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi budaturutse ku bushake ukiregwa nta bushake bwo gukora igikorwa kibujijwe aba yagize n’ubwo ibikorwa bye bigira ingaruka zitera urupfu; mu gihe ku cyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu ukiregwa aba yagize ubushake bwo gukora ibikorwa bibujijwe bikaza kuvamo urupfu ariko ataricyo cyari kigamijwe. [14] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Ndayambaje Felicien akurikiranyweho kuba yarakubise umuvandimwe we Nzitonda Jean Damascene urushyi n’umugeri ubwo nyakwigendera yatahaga yasinze bagatongana bikarangira biyemeje kurwana kugirango unesha undi ajye amwubaha. Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko muri uko kumukubita urushyi n’umugeri aribyo byaviriyemo Nzitonda Jean Damascene urupfu. [15] Nk’uko bigaragara, Ndayambaje Felicien yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwana na Mukuru we abizi kandi abishaka, ariko ku bw’amahirwe make uko kurwana na mwene nyina kumuviramo kumwica. Ibi rero ntibikwiye kwitirwanywa no kwica bidaturutse ku bushake1 nk’uko Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène wunganira Ndayambaje Felicien ashaka kubyumvikanisha, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, kugirango byitwe kwica bidaturutse ku bushake hagomba kuba 1 Ingingo y’111 y’Itegeko Nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko Umuntu wica undi bw’ububuraburyo, uburangare, ubushishozi buke, umwete muke, kudakurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa ubundi buteshuke bwose ariko adafite umugambi wo kumwica, aba akoze icyaha.

## Page 5

habayeho ububuraburyo, uburangare, ubushishozi buke, umwete muke, kudakurikiza amabwiriza cyangwa ubundi buteshuke bwose. Gufata icyemezo cyo kurwana rero ntibishobora kwitiranywa nakimwe mu bikorwa bimaze kuvugwa, ahubwo bigaragaza ko yakubise Nzitonda Jean Damascène abizi kandi abishaka. [16] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe no kubiteganywa n’itegeko mu ngingo 121 yavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rusanga icyaha gikwiye guhama Ndayambaje Felicien ari icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu kuko nta mpaka ziri kubyerekeye kuba yarakubise NZITONDA Jean Damascène kandi ajya kurwana akaba yari azi neza ko ibikorwa byo gukubita bibujijwe n’amategeko kabone n’ubwo nta mugambi wo kwica uwo bwarwanaga yari afite. Bityo, inyito yari yaremejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ikaba igomba gukosorwa. B. Kumenya niba Ndayambaje Felicien yagabanyirizwa igihano [17] Ndayambaje Felicien avuga ko yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, akanasa kugabanyirizwa igihano. Asobanura ko nta mugambi wo kwica mukuru we yari afite, ko ahubwo ibyabaye ari impanuka cyane ko nta kibazo bari basanzwe bafitanye. Asaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, rwemeje ko guhanisha uregwa igihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe n’Itegeko ariko kikiri hejuru bitamufasha kugororoka nta n’icyo bimarira ubutabera muri rusange. [18] Me Muhire Jean Marie Eugène asaba Urukiko kwita ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba Ndayambaje Felicien kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha agasobanura uko cyakozwe, ndetse akaba yari asanzwe yitwara neza muri sosiyete kuko nta kindi cyaha yigeze akurikiranwaho, rukamugabanyiriza igihano, asaba kandi ko Urukiko rwakita ku mibereho ye bwite rukabona ko nawe yatakaje umuvandimwe maze rukamugabanyiriza igihano. [19] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Ndayambaje Felicien yahanwa hakurikijwe ibiteganyirijwe icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateje urupfu kandi Urukiko rukazita ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko maze rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 12 n’ihazabu ingana na 5.000.000 Frw. Naho ku bijyanye no kuba nawe yaratakaje umuvandimwe, Ubushanjacyaha buvuga ko ibyo bitamubera impamvu yo kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko ari we wateje urupfu rw’uwo muvandimwe avuga yatakaje. Mu gusoza, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kwemeza ko urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’inyito y’icyaha ndetse n’igihano. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Hagendewe ku miburanire y’impande zombi, n’uburemere bw’icyaha Ndayambaje Felicien yahamijwe n’uru rukiko mu bika bibanza, urukiko rurasanga kuri iyi ngingo ikibazo gikwiye gusubizwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya igihano akwiye guhanishwa. [21] Ingingo y’121 igika cya nyuma y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko “Iyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu,

## Page 6

igihano kiba igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) ariko kitarenze imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni zirindwi (7.000.000 FRW)”. [22] Ingingo ya 49 igika cyayo cya mbere y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru iteganywa ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo.” [23] Mu bika bikurikira, urukiko rurasuzuma igihano Ndayambaje Felicien akwiye guhanishwa hakurikijwe ibitaganywa mu ngingo zavuzwe haruguru bihujwe n’ibikorwa bigize icyaha akurikiranyweho n’uburyo yagikoze. [24] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragazako nyuma yo gutongana na Nzitonda Jean Damascène, Ndayambaje Felicien yamukubise urushyi n’umugeri bimuviramo urupfu; ibyo akaba yaraburanye abyemera kuva yafatwa kugeza n’ubu. Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko ari ubwa mbere NDAYAMBAJE Felicien akurikiranywe n’inkiko. [25] Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba inyito y’icyaha yahindutse ku buryo bugabanya uburemere bw’icyaha, kuba Ndayambaje Felicien atararuhije ubutabera akaba yemera icyaha aregwa no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe, rusanga igihano yari yahawe kigomba guhinduka agahanishwa igihano kijyanye n’icyaha yahamijwe hanitawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zavuzwe, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda Miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (2.500.000 Frw). [26] Naho ibyo Ndayambaje Felicien avuga ko nawe yabiburiyemo umuvandimwe we, ko nabyo byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rurasanga nta nyungu bikwiye kumugirira zituma agabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe kuri ibyo, kuko kumukubita yabikoze ku bushake akaba yarashoboraga kuzirikana ko bishobora kumuviramo ingaruka zikomeye. Bityo akaba atakwitwaza amakosa ye ngo ayungukiremo III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [27] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ndayambaje Felicien bufite ishingiro; [28] Rwemeje ko RPA 00799/2019/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 29/11/2021 ruhindutse kuri byose; [29] Rwemeje ko Ndayambaje Felicien ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa byateye urupfu aho kuba icyaha cy’ubwicanyi; [30] Rutegetse ko Ndayambaje Felicien ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka icumi(10) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda Miliyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu (2.500.000 Frw). [31] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku isanduku ya Leta.