UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYISHIMIYE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYISHIMIYE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA01285/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

## Text

## Page 1

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NDAYISHIMIYE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA01285/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, J. P.) 29 Nzeri 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Igifungo cya burundu – Igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ishobora kugabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Ndayishimiye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, kuko yafatnywe udupfunyika 10 tw’urumogi, aburana yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi rwo kunywa. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwamuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi urwo yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa kuko yari asanzwe arumywa, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubwo bujurire bw’Uregwa nta shingiro bufite, kuko yafashwe kubera amakuru yari yatanzwe y’uko acuruza urumogi. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko inyito y’icyaha itahinduka, ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Rwemeje ko atagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe, ariko akaba agabanyirijwe igihano cy’ihazabu, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Urwo rubanza Uregwa yongeye arujuririra muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, noneho yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi mu buryo budashikanywaho akagisabira imbabazi, agasaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwashingirwaho kimwe n’izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, mu bujurire bwa mbere Uregwa yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, akaba ari nacyo gihano gito giteganyijwe ku cyaha ashinjwa, bityo kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ishobora kugabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda nk’uko ryavuguruwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya ya 29 n’iya 151. Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 11. Imanza zifashishijwe:

## Page 2

RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CS, Re Kabasinga Florida, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019. RPAA01312/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Ugwaneza Sylvestre, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025. RPAA00752/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025. RPAA00538/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku itariki ya 21/01/2025. PAA00052/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bihoyiki Jean, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024. RPAA00832/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Bamureke Fredrwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025. RPAA00550/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Frederic rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 08/07/2021, Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yafatiwe Mudugudu wa Rwabiharamba, Akagari ka Ndama, Umurenge wa Karangazi, Akarere ka Gatsibo afatanwa udupfunyika 10 tw’urumogi, ahita ashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aburana yemera ko yafatanwe urumogi rwo kunywa. [3] Mu rubanza RP01123/2021/TGI/ NYG rwaciwe ku wa 20/10/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyagatare, rushingiye ku kuba Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yiyemerera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 10 tw’urumogi n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko arucuruza, rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi), ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [4] Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi kandi urumogi yafatanwe rwari urwo kunywa kuko yari asanzwe arumywa, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko ubujurire bwa Ndayishimiye Jean Paul nta shingiro bufite kuko yafashwe kubera amakuru yari yatanzwe y’uko acuruza urumogi. [5] Mu rubanza RPA01382/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe ku wa 04/11/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwasanze Ndayishimiye Jean Paul usaba guhindura inyito y’icyaha, atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere bimuhamya icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rwemeza ko iyo ngingo y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. Ku bijyanye no kuganyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rwasanze igifungo cy’imyaka 15 Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yahanishijwe kidashobora kongera kugabanywa kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko, rusanga ariko ihaza ya 20.000.000Frw yo ishobora kugabanywa, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [6] Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA01285/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 05/09/2025, yunganiwe na Me Gashayija Mathieu, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryarapfundikiwe, isomwa rishyirwa ku wa 19/09/2025, ariko uwo munsi

## Page 3

ntirwasomwa bitewe n’uko Umucamanza waruburanishije yari mu butumwa bw’akazi, rwimurirwa ku wa 29/09/2025, ari nawo munsi rusomweho. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire yabo, Ndayishimiye Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko noneho yemera icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi mu buryo budashikanywaho akagisabira imbabazi, bagasaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwashingirwaho kimwe n’izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha akagabanyirizwa igihano. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ahanishwa igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [9] Hakurikijwe imiburanire y’impande zombi, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano [10] Ndayishimiye Jean Paul n’umwunganira bavuga ko, mu Rukiko rubanza Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yaburanye ahakana icyaha bitewe n’abamugiriye inama yo kugihakana, ubu akaba acyemera mu buryo budashikanywaho akacyicuza akanagisabira imbabzi, asaba ko uko kwemera icyaha kwashingirwa kimwe n’izindi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwa imbere y’ubutabera, kuba icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka cyateje muri rubanda kuko urumogi yafatanwe yari atararukwirakwiza, kuba icyaha yaragitewe n’ubukene bwaturutse ku kuba ababyeyi be baratandukanye, kuba yarakuze mu rugo hari amakimbirane ashingiye ku mitungo yagurishwaga bituma yisanga muri sosiyete y’abantu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge, no kuba icyaha yaragikoze aribwo akiva mu kigero cy’abana kuko yagikoze afite imyaka 21 ataragira ubunararibonye buhagije, byumvikanisha ko agikeneye andi mahirwe yo guhabwa ikindi gihe cyo kwiyubaka, cyane cyane ko yicujije kandi akaba yaramaze kugoroka ku buryo atakongera kwishora mu bikorwa bibi biganisha ku gukora icyaha. Basabo ko izo mpamvu zose zashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha Ndayishimiye Jean Paul akagabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igihano gito gishoboka. [11] Ndayishimiye Jean Paul n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, rwemeje ko nta gihano kibaho kidashobora kugabanywa, ko byaba binyuranye n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 29 n’iya 151, kandi ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa ku buremere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ko icyingenzi ari ukugororoka k’uwahanwe. No ku rubanza RPAA00550/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Hakizimana Frederic rwemeje ko mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera buboneye, nta cyabuza Umucamanza kongera kugabanya ibihano mu gihe asanze icyatanzwe ari kirekire; maze rukabona ko Ndayishimiye Jean Paul akwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gihano gito gishoboka. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko, mu bujurire bwa mbere Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo buhagije ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw, ari nacyo gihano gito giteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, (…) naho (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”, bityo kikaba kidashobora kongera kugabanywa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPAA00538/2024/CA rwaciwe ku itariki ya 21/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Cyuzuzo Jean Claude, mu gika cya 11 na 12.

## Page 4

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo kiri muri uru rubanza, ni ukumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yahanishijwe kubera icyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, gishobora kongera kugabanywa. [14] Ku binjyanye n’ihanwa ry’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye harimo n’urumogi, ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace 1° y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, itaganya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri 20.000.000Frw ariko atarenze miliyoni 30.000.000Frw ku muntu wahamijwe n’Urukiko icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye. [15] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, harimo urubanza RPAA00752/2024/CA1 n’urubanza RPAA01312/2024/CA2. Muri izo manza, Urukiko rwemeje ko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe ishobora kugabanywa ariko ntijye munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [16] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimeze kugaragazwa haruguru no ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zibukijwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [17] Ku birebana n’urubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC00003/2019/CS ndetse n’urubanza RPAA00550/2021/CA, Ndayishimiye Jean Paul n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga izo manza zitashingirwaho kuko nk’uko byemejwe mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe nyuma y’uko Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/11/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihamo muri rusange ritangarijwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ibijyanye no kugabanya igihano kikajya munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko (minimum) hashingiwe ku manza zaciwe bitagikurikizwa kuko byavanyweho n’iryo Tegeko ryashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kugabanya ibihano3. [18] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ndayishimiye Jean Paul adakwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije agahanishwa igihano gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo kidashobora kugibwa munsi. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

1 Reba igika cya 19 cy’urubanza RPAA00752/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin. 2 Reba igika cya 15 cy’urubanza RPAA01312/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ugwaneza Sylvestre. 3 Muri izo manza harimo nk’urubanza PAA00052/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/12/2024, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bihoyiki Jean (igika cya 14), urubanza RPAA00832/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bamureke Fred (igika cya 17) n’izindi.

## Page 5

[19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Ndayishimiye Jean Paul nta shingiro bufite. [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA01382/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 04/11/2024, rudahindutse. [21] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihaza ya 5.000.000Frw Ndayishimiye Jean Paul yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza kidahindutse. [22] Rutegetse ko Ndayishimiye Jean Paul asonewe gutanga amagarama ry’urubanza kuko yajuriye afunze.