NGABO v. RWANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY (R.R.A)

# NGABO v. RWANDA REVENUE AUTHORITY (R.R.A)

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-01-09 - Case/document no.: RADA 0013/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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NGABO v. Rwanda revenue Authority (R.R.A) [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – N° RADA 0013/12/CS ( Kanyange , P.J., Gakwaya na Hitiyaremye, J.) 9 Mutarama, 2015] Amategeko agenga umurimo – ikosa rikomeyev – Amasezerano y’akazi ashobora guseswa nta nteguza iyo habaye ikosa rikomeye ry’umwe mu bayagiranye, uyasheshe abimenyesha undi mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48 ) – Itegeko n 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga umurimo ᵒ mu Rwanda ingingo 32. Kwirukanwa ku mpamvu yumvikana – ikosa rikomeye – Nubwo itegeko ryaba riha umukoresha uburenganzira bwo guhana ako kanya umukozi waba yakoze amakosa akomeye nta n‘ibisobanuro amusabye gutanga kubyo aregwa ibyo bitabuza umukoresha gufata mbere yo kumuhana, icyemezo cyo kumuha igihe cyo kwisobanura n‘icyo gukora iperereza ku byo aregwa.. Kwirukanwa ku mpamvu yumvikana – Ikosa rikomeye – Iyo umukoresha afashe icyemezo cyo guha umukozi waba yarakoze amakosa akomeye umwanya wo kwiregura cyangwa agafata icyemezo cyo kubanza gukora iperereza ku byo umukozi aregwa mbere y’ukumwirukana ntibikuraho kamere y’ikosa kuba ari ikosa rikomeye Incamake y’icyemezo: Ngabo yirukanwe ku kazi yakoraga ka Principal Revenue Officer muri R.R.A kubera ko yitwaye nabi yanduza isura ya R.R.A ubwo yasakaga imodoka anuka izonga, akanakerereza abagenzi bayirimo bitewe n’uko yari yasinze, ndetse akaba yaratwaye n‘imodoka y’akazi nta ruhushya ibi byose yabifashe ko ari amakosa akomeye (Gross misconduct). Ngabo yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru asaba ko R.R.A yamuha indishyi kuko yamwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko..Urwo rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite. Ngabo yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije imyiregurire ye bigatuma rufata ibintu uko bitari, avuga ko nta kimenyetso simusiga Urukiko Rukuru rwashyikirijwe ku buryo rwari kwemeza ko hari isindwe ryabaye , kandi ko kuba yaba yaraciye mu tubari cyangwa yaba yaranukaga inzoga bitavuga ko yari yasinze kuko abajya mu kabari atariko bose bavayo banyoye inzoga kandi niyo baba bazinyoye ntibivuga ko bavayo bafite isindwe, akazi yari ashinzwe yagakoze neza kandi ko nta muntu wigeze tanga ubuhamya mu Rukiko yamubonye afite isindwe. Kandi kuba yarabanje kumusaba ibisobanuro ku byo yaregwaga, ikamuhagarika by`agateganyo, nyuma iza kumusezerera burundu nukuvuga ko iryo kosa ivuga ko yakoze yamwirukaniye ritakwitwa ikosa rikomeye ahubwo ko ryari kwitwa ikosa risanzwe, rihanishwa guhagarikwa by‘agateganyo (suspension) kuko iyo aza kuba yarakoze amakosa akomeye, R.R.A. itari gukoresha iyo nzira, ahubwo ko yari guhita ihagarika ako kanya, nta nteguza, amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye kuko ko ikosa rikomeye ari ikosa ritihanganirwa na gato, ko mu gihe ribaye rituma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza . R.R.A yireguye ivuga ko ibyo Ngabo yakoze ari ikosa riteganywa muri ‘‘Code of Conduct for R.R.A. staff and Disciplinary Procedures‘‘, kandi ko imyitwarire ye idasanzwe kubera gusinda, gusaka imodoka wenyine ndetse nu gufata nabi abagenzi bari muri iyo modoka, biba ari ikosa rikomeye nu gufata imodoka atabyemerewe kandi afite umushoferi ugomba kumutwara ko

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naryo ari ikosa rikomeye kandi ko Urukiko rwashingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe na R.R.A., byanditse kandi bisinywe n’abagenzi bari mu modoka yasatswe. R.R.A ikomeza ivuga ko nubwo icyo Ngabo yakoze ari ikintu umuntu atakwihanganira kuko ari ikosa rikomeye ariko yari yahagaritswe, atari ku kazi ndetse ko nta kintu kibuza mbere yo kwirukana umukozi ko hakorwa iperereza ngo harebwe niba koko ibyo yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye. Incamake y’ikibazo: 1. Amasezerano y’akazi ashobora guseswa nta nteguza iyo habaye ikosa rikomeye ry’umwe mu bayagiranye, uyasheshe abimenyesha undi mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48).. 2. Umukozi kuba yarasatse imodoka abitewe n’ubusinzi no kuba yatwaye imodoka y‘akazi nta ruhushya abifitiye ni amakosa akomeye bityo Umukoresha yashoboraga gusesa amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye nta nteguza, gutyo akaba yarasheshe amasezerano y’akazi yagiranye n’umukozi ku mpamvu zumvikana. 3. Nubwo itegeko ryaba riha umukoresha uburenganzira bwo guhana ako kanya umukozi waba yakoze amakosa akomeye nta n‘ibisobanuro amusabye gutanga kubyo aregwa ibyo bitabuza umukoresha gufata mbere yo kumuhana, icyemezo cyo kumuha igihe cyo kwisobanura n‘icyo gukora iperereza ku byo aregwa. 4. Iyo umukoresha afashe icyemezo cyo guha umukozi waba yarakoze amakosa akomeye umwanya wo kwiregura cyangwa agafata icyemezo cyo kubanza gukora iperereza ku byo umukozi aregwa mbere y’ukumwirukana ntibikuraho kamere y’ikosa kuba ari ikosa rikomeye. 5. Isezererwa rya Ngabo ku kazi rikurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo z’amategeko . 6. Umukoresha ntiyahabwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere no gusiragiza mu Nkiko kuko ari uburenganzira bw’umuburanyi kujurira urubanza mu gihe atishimiye imikirize yarwo ariko akwiye guhabwa indishyi zirebana n’ibyo yatakaje ikurikirana urubanza ariko akagenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite;. Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; Imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe idahindutse; Uwajuriye agomba kwishyura uregwa indishyi zirebana n’ibyo yatakaje kuri uru rubanza; Amagarama aherereye ku wajuriye. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ingingo 29,32. ᵒ Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 rigenga amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258 Ibitekerezo bya bahanga: LEFEBVRE, Mémento pratique, Social,, droit du travail-sécurité sociale, Levallois, 1999, P.634.

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Urubanza IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, kuwa 20/12/2010, NGABO James arega Rwanda Revenue Authority (R.R.A.) ko yamwirukanye ku kazi nta mpamvu, asaba indishyi zinyuranye zikomoka kuri icyo gikorwa. Asobanura ko yari umukozi wa R.R.A. mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba ari ‘‘Principal Revenue Officer‘‘. Kuwa 03/12/2001, aza kubona ibaruwa imuhagarika ku kazi, ikubiyemo ko yitwaye nabi yanduza isura ya R.R.A., kubera ko yasatse imodoka RAB 472 S ya Kigali Safari anuka inzoga, akanakerereza abagenzi bayirimo bitewe n’uko yari yasinze, ndetse akaba yaratwaye n‘imodoka y’akazi ya R.R.A. nta ruhushya. Asobanura kandi ko R.R.A yamwirukanye ishingiye kuri ibyo, ibyita ko ari amakosa akomeye (Gross misconduct). Kubera imyitwarire ya R.R.A., NGABO James akaba asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko yirukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, akagenerwa indishyi. [2] Kuwa 21/03/2012, Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza RAD 0177/10/HC/Kig, rwemeza ko ikirego rwashyikirijwe na NGABO James nta shingiro gifite, rumutegeka gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 29.800 Frw. [3] NGABO James ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, kuwa 19/04/2012, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije imyiregurire ye bigatuma rufata ibintu uko bitari, rugakoresha n‘ingingo ya III.2.3 ibika ff na ii y’amategeko agenga imyifatire y’abakozi ba R.R.A.(code of conduct for R.R.A. staff and disciplinary procedures) aho idakwiye, kuko rwemeje ko NGABO James yakoze ikosa rikomeye, runirengagiza ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko nᵒ 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A.ndetse rukamwima n‘indishyi yari yasabye. [4] R.R.A. yatanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, isaba indishyi zingana na 1.000.000 Frw kubera gushorwa mu manza ku maherere no kubasiragiza mu nkiko n’ibyo yatakaje byose kuri uru rubanza nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya gatatu cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano. [5] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye kuwa 18/11/2014, NGABO James, aburanirwa na Me RUTEMBESA Phocas naho R.R.A. iburanirwa na Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA a. Kumenya niba ibyo NGABO James yaba yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye ku kazi [6] Me RUTEMBESA Phocas avuga ko mu gace ka 5, urupapuro rwa 2 k’urubanza rwajuririwe, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko NGABO James yakoze ikosa rikomeye nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko agenga imyitwarire y’abakozi ba R.R.A. mu ngingo yayo ya III.2.3 ibika ff na ii kuko hari abatangabuhamya bemeje ko yaciye mu tubari mbere y’uko ajya gusaka magendu ndetse runashingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko nᵒ 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004

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ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, rwemeza ko abari bamuhagarariye batigeze berekana icyo abo batangabuhamya bapfa na NGABO James ku buryo bamubeshyera. [7] Ku byerekeranye no kuba NGABO James yaranukaga inzoga kandi akaba yaraciye mu tubari, Me RUTEMBESA Phocas avuga ko nta kimenyetso simusiga Urukiko Rukuru rwashyikirijwe ku buryo rwari kwemeza ko hari isindwe ryabaye. Akomeza asobanura ko bibaye ari nabyo, ayo makosa adateganywa n’ingingo ya III.2.3.y‘amategeko agenga imyitwarire y’abakozi ba R.R.A yavuzwe haruguru, bityo akaba asanga kuvuga ko NGABO James yaba yaraciye mu tubari cyangwa yaba yaranukaga inzoga bitavuga ko yari yasinze kuko abajya mu kabari atariko bose bavayo banyoye inzoga kandi niyo baba bazinyoye ntibivuga ko bavayo bafite isindwe. Asoza avuga ko ikigaragara ari uko NGABO James yari mu kazi kandi yagakoze neza nkuko yari agashinzwe. [8] Ku byerekeranye n’abatangabuhamya bemeje ko NGABO James yanukaga inzoga, Me RUTEMBESA Phocas avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutari kwemeza ko habayeyo abatangabuhamya mu rubanza mu gihe nta muntu wigeze avugira ubuhamya mu Rukiko ko yabonye NGABO James afite isindwe. Asobanura ko ahubwo ibyagaragajwe na R.R.A. ari inyandiko, zitagira imikono ya ba nyirazo, zemeza ko umuntu wabasatse yanukaga inzoga, bityo akaba asanga ibyavuzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru binyuranije n’ibitenganywa n’ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko nᵒ 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. [9] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bavuga ko nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro ya NGABO James, yemera ko yanukaga inzoga kandi ko yaciye mu tubari dutandukanye. Basobanura ko guca mu tubari no kunuka inzoga byatumye asinda, binamuviramo gukora akazi mu buryo butanoze mu gihe yasakaga imodoka RAB 472 S ya ‘‘Kigali Safari‘‘ yasinze, anuka inzoga , akanakerereza abagenzi bayirimo. Basobanura kandi ko ibyo yakoze ari ikosa riteganywa muri ‘‘Code of Conduct for R.R.A. staff and Disciplinary Procedures‘‘, mu ngingo yayo ya III.2.3. igika cya ff n‘icya ii., bityo bakurikije imyitwarire idasanzwe ya NGABO James kubera gusinda, igihe yasatse imodoka wenyine kandi atabyemerewe ndetse agafata nabi abagenzi bari muri iyo modoka, basanga ibi bihagije kwemeza ko ari ikosa rikomeye. [10] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bavuga kandi ko NGABO James yatwaye imodoka y’Ikigo cy’imisoro n’Amahoro atabifitiye ububasha kandi ari ikosa riteganywa n’ingingo ya III.2.2. ya ‘‘Code of Conduct for R.R.A. staff and Disciplinary Procedures‘‘, bityo bakaba basanga mu gihe yafashe imodoka atabyemerewe kandi afite umushoferi ugomba kumutwara, naryo ari ikosa rikomeye ryatumye Urukiko Rukuru rufata icyo cyemezo gikurikije amategeko. [11] Ku byerekeranye n’abatangabuhamya, Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bavuga ko NGABO James ashaka kuvugisha Urukiko ibyo rutavuze kuko bigaragara mu ncarubanza ko ntaho rwigeze ruvuga ko rwashingiye ku byo rwabwiwe n’abatangabuhamya ahubwo rwashingiye ku bimenyetso byatanzwe na R.R.A., byanditse kandi bisinywe n’abagenzi (Jean-Robert KIDAMAGE, NAKURE REHEMA na UWIMANA Angèlique) bari mu modoka yasatswe na NGABO James yasinze, bityo bakaba basanga icyemezo cy‘Urukiko Rukuru kitanyuranyije n’ingingo ya 62 y’Itegeko nᵒ 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ingingo ya 29 y’Itegeko nᵒ 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko ‘‘Amasezerano y’akazi y’igihe kitazwi ashobora guseswa igihe cyose iyo umwe mu bayagiranye abishatse ariko ku mpamvu zumvikana. Iryo seswa ribanzirizwa n’integuza itangwa n’urishaka‘‘. [13] Ingingo ya 32, agace ka kabiri y’Itegeko n 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga ᵒ umurimo mu Rwanda iteganya ko ‘‘Icyakora, amasezerano y’akazi ashobora guseswa nta nteguza iyo habaye ikosa rikomeye ry’umwe mu bayagiranye. Icyo gihe umwe mu basezeranye. abimenyesha undi mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48)‘‘, naho mu gace kayo ka gatatu, iyo ngingo iteganya ko ‘‘Ikosa rikomeye ryemezwa n’urukiko rubifitiye ububasha‘‘. [14] Ingingo ya III.2.2., igika cya g y’amategeko agenga imyitwarire y’abakozi ba R.R.A. (Code of Conduct for R.R.A. staff and Disciplinary Procedures) iteganya ko ‘‘Serious misconducts include unauthorized use or abuse of the R.R.A’s facilities or equipment including computer system‘‘ naho ingingo ya III.2.3., igika cya ff iteganya ko ‘‘Gross misconducts include being in a drunken or intoxication state during the service hours‘‘, naho igika cyayo cya ii iteganya ko ‘‘Gross misconducts include incapacity with work due to alcohol or being the influence illegal drugs‘‘. [15] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko yo kuwa 21/9/2010 imenyesha NGABO James isezererwa rye ku kazi, R.R.A. yarasheshe amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye kubera amakosa aremereye (gross misconduct) yari yakoze arimo gukora akazi mu buryo butanoze mu gihe yasakaga imodoka RAB 472 S ya ‘‘Kigali Safari‘‘ anuka inzoga, akanakerereza abagenzi bayirimo no gutwara imodoka y’Ikigo atabifitiye uburenganzira. [16] Hakurikijwe ibyavuzwe na NGABO James mu nyandiko-mvugo ye yo kuwa 4/8/2010 n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe kuwa 27/7/2010 (umunsi bivugwa ko NGABO James yakoze amakosa yatumye yirukanwa) na KIDAMAGE Jean Robert, umushoferi watwaraga imodoka ifite ‘‘plaque‘‘ RAB 472 S ya ‘‘Kigali Safari‘‘ yasatswe na NGABO James ndetse n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe kuwa 27/7/2010 n’abagenzi bari muri iyo modoka ivugwa haruguru, harimo NAKURE REHEMA na UWIMANA Angèlique, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ibyo R.R.A. irega NGABO James koko byarabaye1 kuko yemeye ko yagiye mu tubare (3) kugeza saa saba z’ijoro ategereje ko umuntu wari wamubwiye ko hari imodoka iza gutwara magendu abyemeza (confirmer), undi muntu aza kumumenyesha mu ma saa kumi z’ijoro ko imodoka ya ‘‘Kigali Safari‘‘ irimo magendu ihaguraka muri ayo masaha, anavuga ko yasatse iyo modoka ya ‘‘Kigali Safari‘‘ mu ma saa kumi n’imwe, bivuze ko NGABO James atigeze aryama mu iryo joro. [17] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kandi iyo NGABO James aza kuba atasinze igihe yasakaga iyo modoka, atari kuzana abakozi ba Intersec ngo bamufashe gushakisha magendu kandi azi neza ko ako kazi ko kurwanya magendu gakorwa na R.P.D. ndetse ko akazi ke kamubuza gukora izo gahunda za gasutamo atumvikanye n’abayobozi b’Intara n’imipaka nk’uko 1 Le motif légitime suppose notamment qu’il soit réel c’est-à-dire existant, précis et objectif, Cass.soc.2-6-1988; 10- 5-1989 nᵒ 1966; 7-1-1998 nᵒ 32: RJS 2/98 nᵒ 153 in Francis LEFEBVRE, Mémento pratique, Social,, droit du travail-sécurité sociale, Levallois, 1999, P.634.

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bigaragara muri ‘‘job description‘‘ ye mu ngingo ya 3, agace ka ‘‘i‘‘2, bityo imyitwarire yagaragaje irebewe hamwe n‘ibyavuzwe na KIDAMAGE Jean Robert, umushoferi watwaraga imodoka yasatswe na NGABO James hamwe n’ibyavuzwe na NAKURE REHEMA na UWIMANA Angèlique, abagenzi bari muri iyo modoka birebana n’imyitwarire ye igihe yasakaga iyo modoka no kuba yarahumuraga inzoga bikagaragara no mu maso ko yari yasinze, bigaragaza ko yasatse iyo modoka abikoreshejwe n’inzoga. [18] Ku byerekeranye n’ibivugwa na NGABO James y’uko nta kimenyetso simusiga gishimangira ko yari yasinze, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga nta gaciro bigomba guhabwa mu gihe imyitwarire ye yagaragaje ko atari muzima ndetse ko abari muri iyo modoka yasakaga bemeza mu nyandiko bashyizeho imikono yabo ko yanukaga inzoga, bityo kuba NGABO James yemeza mu nyandiko-mvugo ye ko yabwiye umushoferi w’iyo modoka ko bagiye kuyisaka ndetse ko hari abadamu bari mu modoka bafite urukapu runini, ibi bigaragaza ko abo babajijwe mu rwego rw’iperereza aribo bari muri iyo modoka kandi bavuze ibyo babonye. [19] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kandi nk’uko nawe ubwe yabyemeye, NGABO James yaratwaye imodoka nta ruhushya abifitiye mu ijoro ryo kuwa 26 rishyira kuwa 27/7/2010. [20] Hakurikijwe rero imiterere y‘akazi NGABO James yakoraga n’ibisabwa n‘ako kazi ke ka ‘‘Principal Revenue Officer‘‘, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kuba yarasatse imodoka abitewe n’ubusinzi nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru no kuba yaratwaye imodoka y‘akazi nta ruhushya abifitiye, ari amakosa akomeye3 yashoboraga gutuma R.R.A. isesa amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye nta nteguza, bityo R.R.A. ikaba yarasheshe amasezerano y’akazi yagiranye na NGABO James ku mpamvu zumvikana. [21] Kubera izo mpamvu zose, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kwemeza k’Urukiko Rukuru ko NGABO James yakoze amakosa akomeye ari icyemezo gikurikije amategeko, bityo iyo ngingo y’ubujurire bwa NGABO James ikaba nta shingiro ifite. b.Kumenya niba NGABO James yarirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko [22] Me RUTEMBESA Phocas avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje mu gace ka 6 k‘urubanza rwajuririwe ko NGABO James atigeze ahagarikwa mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kuko yakoze amakosa akomeye, nyamara mbere yo kwirukana NGABO James, R.R.A.yarabanje kumusaba ibisobanuro ku byo yaregwaga, ikamuhagarika by`agateganyo, nyuma iza kumusezerera burundu. Asobanura ko iyo aza kuba yarakoze amakosa akomeye, R.R.A. itari gukoresha iyo nzira, ahubwo ko yari guhita ihagarika ako kanya, nta nteguza, amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye na NGABO James, hakurikijwe ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A., iteganya ko nta mukozi ufatirwa igihano atabanje guhabwa uburenganzira bwe bwo kwiregura ndetse akabishyira mu nyandiko keretse iyo ari ikosa rikomeye cyangwa se yafatiwe mu cyuho. 2 Responsabilities Monitor audit group performance by :(i) ‘’Liaises customs operations with border and regional coordinators’’. 3 Le motif légitime suppose en outre qu’il soit sérieux, c’est-à-dire d’une certaine gravité rendant impossible la continuation du travail, in Francis LEFEBVRE, Mémento pratique, Social,, droit du travail-sécurité sociale, Levallois, 1999, P.634.

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[23] Me RUTEMBESA Phocas akomeza avuga ko nubwo nta makosa yakozwe na NGABO James, ibyo R.R.A. yakoze mbere yo kumwirukana bigaragaza ko ikosa ivuga ko yakoze yamwirukaniye ritakwitwa ikosa rikomeye ahubwo ko ryari kwitwa ikosa risanzwe, rihanishwa guhagarikwa by‘agateganyo (suspension) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 26 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A. Asobanura ko amakosa avugwa ko yakozwe na NGABO James yabaye kuwa 27/7/2010 ariko R.R.A. iza gusesa amasezerano y’akazi bagiranye kuwa 21/9/2010, nyuma y’amezi abiri, bityo akaba asanga ibyakozwe na R.R.A. bitari bikiri mu rwego rw’amakosa akomeye. [24] Me RUTEMBESA Phocas asoza avuga ko mu gihe hatabaye ibisabwa n’ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati yavuzwe haruguru, ntaho Urukiko Rukuru rwari guhera rwemeza ko habayeho guhagarika NGABO James mu nzira zikurikije amategeko kuko hashingiwe ku byo Olivier NDUHUNGIREHE, umuhanga mu mategeko yigisha4, ko ikosa rikomeye ari ikosa ritihanganirwa na gato, ko mu gihe ribaye rituma abagiranye amasezerano y’akazi bayasesa ako kanya nta nteguza. [25] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bavuga ko ibivugwa na NGABO James nta shingiro bifite kuko mu rwego rw’iperereza, ari muri ‘‘suspension‘‘, yahamagajwe mu Kanama gashinzwe imyitwarire (disciplinary committee) kugira ngo atange ibisobanuro kubyo yakekwagaho nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati y’abakozi ba R.R.A., ko rero ibisobanuro yatanze bitanyuze abagize ako kanama, nyuma hafatwa icyemezo cyo kumusezerera ku kazi ndetse nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya IV.3 ya ‘‘code of conduct for R.R.A. staff and disciplinary procedures‘‘, ubufitiye ububasha yamumenyesheje igihano cyamufatiwe kingana n’ikosa rye. [26] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bakomeza bavuga ko hakurikijwe ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati y’abakozi ba R.R.A., icyo NGABO James yakoze atari icyaha (offence) ahubwo ari ikosa rikomeye, kandi ko hagomba kongerwaho irindi kosa rikomeye yakoze ryo gutwara imodoka y‘akazi nta ruhushya. Basobanura ko kuba NGABO James yarakoreraga i Rubavu, ibyo yari yakoze bitari guhita bigera ako kanya ku bayobozi bagomba gufata ibyemezo kuko bakorera i Kigali, ariyo mpamvu yatumye bamuhagarika kugira ngo habanze gukorwa iperereza. [27] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose basoza bavuga ko nubwo icyo NGABO James yakoze ari ikintu umuntu atakwihanganira kuko ari ikosa rikomeye ariko yari yahagaritswe, atari ku kazi ndetse ko nta kintu kibuza mbere yo kwirukana umukozi ko hakorwa iperereza ngo harebwe niba koko ibyo yakoze ari ikosa rikomeye. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA 4 ‘’La faute lourde est une faute grave qui rend immédiatement et définitivement impossible toute collaboration professionnelle entre l’employeur et le travailleur. Et, c’est l’auteur de la rupture qui doit établir l’existence d’une faute dans le chef de l’autre partie. Cette faute doit être à ce point grave qu’il n’est pas envisageable de poursuivre l’exécution du contrat pendant l’écoulement d’un délai de préavis, ou d’attendre la décision d’un juge sur une demande de résolution judiciaire’’, Olivier J.P. NDUHUNGIREHE, Cours de droit social, première partie: considérations préliminaires et droit de travail, P. 60.

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[28] Ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A. iteganya ko ‘‘Aucune sanction ne peut être appliquée contre un agent sans que l’intéressé ait été invité à présenter par écrit ses moyens de défense, sauf en cas de faute lourde ou de flagrant-délit‘‘5. [29] Ingingo ya 26 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A. iteganya ko ‘‘L’agent qui, d’après des indices graves, est présumé avoir commis une faute peut par mesure d’ordre, être suspendu de ses fonctions jusqu’à 2 mois. Si l’affaire disciplinaire est classée sans suite, les effets de la suspension sont supprimés à partir de la date où elle a été prononcée. Si, au contraire, une sanction est prononcée, ses effets commencent à courir à partir de la date de la suspension‘‘6. [30] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga amakosa akomeye yakozwe na NGABO James yarabaye ku itariki ya 27/7/2010 ariko aza kusezerererwa ku kazi ku itariki ya 21/9/2010, anagenerwa ibyo amategeko ateganya byose. [31] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kandi R.R.A. yari yafashe ku itariki yo kuwa 30/7/2010 icyemezo gihagarika (suspension) NGABO James ku kazi ku mpamvu z’uko igiye gukora iperereza (investigations) ku makosa yaregwaga ko yakoze ku itariki ya 27/7/2010. [32] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga hagati aho R.R.A yaramukoreye inyandiko-mvugo kuwa 4/8/2010 ku byo bamushinjaga, ikora raporo ku byo yakoze kuwa 17/8/2010, inamutumira kuwa 2/9/2010 mu nama yo gusuzuma imyitwarire ye ndetse kuwa 17/9/2010, Inama y’Ubuyobozi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n‘Amahoro iraterana isuzuma raporo yashyikirijwe na ‘‘Disciplinary Committee‘‘ yari yateranye kuwa 2/9/2010. [33] Ku byerekeranye n’ibivugwa na NGABO James y’uko yirukanwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kuko atasezerewe ako kanya, ni ukuvuga kuwa 27/7/2010 aho kubikora kuwa 21/9/2010, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga n’ubwo ingingo ya 25 ya Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A. iha umukoresha uburenganzira bwo guhana ako kanya umukozi waba yakoze amakosa akomeye nta n‘ibisobanuro amusabye gutanga mu nyandiko irebana n’ibyo aregwa, ibyo bitabuza umukoresha gufata mbere yo kumuhana, icyemezo cyo kumuha igihe cyo kwisobanura n‘icyo gukora iperereza ku byo aregwa, bityo mu gihe umukoresha afata icyemezo cyo guha umukozi waba yarakoze amakosa akomeye umwanya wo kwiregura mu nyandiko cyangwa afata icyemezo cyo gukora iperereza ku byo umukozi aregwa, bitayakuraho kamere yayo yo kuba akomeye.7 5 Mu icyongereza iyo ngingo ivuga ko ‘’No sanction will be taken against a staff without giving him the opportunity to defend himself in writing, except in the case of a gross offence or flagrante delicto’’. 6 Mu icyongereza iyo ngingo ivuga ko ‘’A staff that is presumed to have committed on offence may be suspended from his duties for 2 months depending on the gravity of offence until the closure of the instruction. If the case is closed without results, the suspension will be cancelled from the date of publication. However, if the sanction is decided, its effects will start from the date of suspension’’. 7 Il a été jugé que ‘’un retard dans le prononcé du licenciement ôte à la faute son caractère de gravité, sauf si ce retard est de courte durée, ou est justifié par les besoins d’une enquête ou par le respect de la procédure’’, , in Francis LEFEBVRE, Mémento pratique, Social,, droit du travail-sécurité sociale, Levallois, 1999, P.636.

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[34] Byongeye kandi kuba R.R.A. yarafashe kuwa 30/7/2010 icyemezo cyo guhagarika by‘agateganyo NGABO James ku kazi kubera amakosa akomeye yari akurikiranyweho, ari impamvu igaragaza ko imikoranire hagati y’impande zombi itari igishoboka, bityo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kuba yarirukanwe kuwa 21/9/2010 nyuma yo gukora iperereza, bitavanaho uburemere bw’amakosa yakoze. [35] Hakurikijwe ibisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga NGABO James atarirukanwe ku kazi mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, ko ahubwo isezererwa rye ku kazi rikurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 25 n’iya 26 za Sitati igenga abakozi ba R.R.A ndetse n’ingingo ya 32, agace ka kabiri y’Itegeko nᵒ 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/5/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, bityo iyo ngingo y’ubujurire bwa NGABO James ikaba nta shingiro ifite. c. Kumenya niba R.R.A. ikwiye guhabwa indishyi isaba [36] Me MUGIRE Joseph na Me KABIBI Spéciose bavuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 167 y’Itegeko nᵒ 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/6/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, R.R.A.isaba ko NGABO James acibwa indishyi zingana na 1.000.000 Frw zo gushorwa mu manza ku maherere, zo gusiragiza mu Nkiko ndetse n’ibindi byose yatakaje kuri uru rubanza. [37] Me RUTEMBESA Phocas avuga ko R.R.A. idakwiye guhabwa indishyi isaba kuko impamvu yatumye baburana yumvikana. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [38] Ingingo ya 258 y’Igitabo cya III cy’urwunge rw’amategeko mbonezamubano iteganya ko ‘‘Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyiri ugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse‘‘. [39] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga indishyi zisabwa na R.R.A. kubera gushorwa mu manza ku maherere no gusiragiza mu Nkiko, nta shingiro zifite kuko ari uburenganzira bw’umuburanyi kujurira urubanza mu gihe atishimiye imikirize yarwo, bityo R.R.A. ikaba ikwiye guhabwa gusa indishyi zirebana n’ibyo yatakaje ikurikirana urubanza. [40] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ariko kubera ko amafaranga isaba ari menshi,ruyigeneye mu bushishozi bwarwo (ex aequo et bono) izihwanye na 300.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY‘URUKIKO [41] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NGABO James nta shingiro bufite; [42] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa R.R.A. bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [43] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RAD 0177/10/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 21/3/2012 idahindutse;

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[44] Rutegetse NGABO James kwishyura R.R.A. 300.000 Frw y’indishyi zirebana n’ibyo yatakaje kuri uru rubanza. [45] Rutegetse NGABO James kwishyura amagarama y’uru rubanza angana 100.000 Frw.