UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRABABYEYI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRABABYEYI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-06-16 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0086/ 10/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRABABYEYI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0086/ 10/CS (Mukanyundo, P.J., Hatangimbabazi na Gakwaya, J.) 16 Gicurasi 2014] Amategeko mpanabyaha – Gusambanya umwana – Kwemera icyaha no kugisabira imbabazi – Kutagaragaza ikimenyetso kigaragaza imyaka y’amavuko – Agaciro ko kwemera icyaha igihe ibimenyetso bishinja bitera gushidikanya.– Ufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga icyemezo kigaragaza imyaka y’umuntu – Itegeko n° 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Ingingo ya 165 Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye. mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo aho uwajuriye yashinjwaga gusambanya umwana wari ufite imyaka 13 y’amavuko . Yahamijwe icyaha maze ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 no gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 10950 FRw. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru maze narwo rwemeza imikirize y’Urukiko rwarubanjirije uretse amagarama y’Urukiko yagombaga gutangwa angana na 17 700.FRw.Yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko yavukijwe uburenganzira ahabwa n’amategeko bw’umuntu wese wagaragaje ukuri ku cyaha ashinjwa akanagisabira imbabazi. Yasabaga kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uwajuriye yavuze ko yemera kuba yarasambanyije Uzamukunda Marie Rose ariko akaba yarabikoze babyumvikanyeho. Uwunganira Uwajuriye we avuga ko hagomba kugaragazwa ikigaragaza ko uwasambanyijwe koko yari afite imyaka 13 cyabura uwo yunganira akaba atahanirwa gusambanya

umuntu mukuru kuko atari byo yarezwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba uwajuriye yarasambanyije umuntu utarageza ku myaka y’ubukure. Urukiko rwasanze Ubushinjacyaha bwarananiwe kugaragaza ko uwasambanyijwe koko yari umwana igihe kivugwa ko icyaha cyakorwaga. Ibi bituma habaho ugushidikanya ibyo Ubushinjacyaha busaba ko hashingirwa ku bimenyetso bicukumbuye no gusesengura urubanza nta shingiro bifite kuko kubera ko icyemezo cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’umukozi wa Leta ufite ububasha bwo kugikora cyangwa icyemezo cy’umuganga byonyine aribyo bishobora kugaragaza imyaka y’amavuko y’umuntu. Izi mpamvu zose zatumye Urukiko rusanga icyaha yari akurikiranyweho kitamuhama kuko imyaka y’Uzamukunda Marie-Rose itagaragarijwe ikimenyetso. Uwajuriye yagihanaguweho icyaha kubera gushidikanya. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse kuri byose. Uwajuriye ahanaguweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Uwajuriye agomba guhita arekurwa. Amagarama y’urubanza aherejwe ku isanduku ya Leta Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko n° 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyah, ingingo ya 165.

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Nta manza zashingiweho Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, Ngirababyeyi Thomas aregwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana muto witwa Uzamukunda Marie-Rose. Uru Rukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 0139/06/TGI/GSBO kuwa 29/05/2006 rwemeza ko icyaha aregwa kimuhama, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) no gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 10.950 Frw. [2] Ngirababyeyi Thomas ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze arujurira mu Rukiko Rukuru. Uru Rukiko ruca urubanza RPA 0992/06/HC/KIG kuwa 05/01/2010, rwemeza ko icyaha aregwa kimuhama, rutegeka ko imikirize y’urubanza RP 0139/06/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rugumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, uretse amagarama yagombaga gutangwa ahwanye na 17.700 Frw. [3] Ngirababyeyi Thomas ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamuvukije uburenganzira Itegeko riha umuntu wese wagaragaje ukuri ku cyaha aregwa, ndetse akaba yarasabye imbabazi ku cyaha aregwa, nyuma Urukiko Rukuru rwirengagiza amategeko maze rumuhanisha igihano cy’imyaka 25 idasubitswe ndetse asaba ko hakurikizwa amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha kuko yemera icyaha kandi akagisabira imbabazi. [4] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye kuwa 17/3/2014, Ngirababyeyi Thomas yunganiwe na Me Dusenge Vestine naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe

na Mutayoba Alphonse, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO. Kumenya niba Ngirababyeyi Thomas yarasambanyije ku ngufu Uzamukunda Marie- Rose utarageza ku myaka y‘ubukure. [5] Ngirababyeyi Thomas avuga ko impamvu zamuteye kujurira ari uko yahawe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera ko yasambanyije Uzamukunda Marie-Rose, ariko ko yabikoze babyumvikanyeho. [6] Me Dusenge Vestine, wunganira Ngirababyeyi Thomas, avuga ko n’ubwo bwose yemera ko yasambanyije uwo mukobwa, nta kigaragaza ko Uzamukunda Marie-Rose yari ataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure cyane ko muri dosiye nta cyemezo cy’amavuko kirimo, kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe akiri umwana. Asobanura ko ukwemera icyaha gusa bidahagije ngo hemezwe ko habayeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bityo akaba asanga ari ngombwa ko bigaragarira

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Urukiko ko Uzamukunda Marie-Rose yari umwana koko icyo igihe bavuga ko yahohotewe ndetse ko icyemezo cy’amavuko cye cyonyine gishobora kubigaragaza. [7] Me Dusenge Vestine asoza avuga ko niba bigaragaye ko nta kimenyetso gihamya ko Ngirababyeyi Thomas yasambanyije umwana muto, atashinjwa icyaha cyo gusambanya umuntu mukuru kuko ataricyo yarezwe, bityo akaba asaba uru Rukiko ko mu guca urubanza rwazirinda kugenekereza ruhindura inyito y’icyaha kuko bitakwitwa gufata ku ngufu umwana muto mu gihe nta cyemezo cy’amavuko gihari cyerekana ko Uzamukunda Marie-Rose ari umwana. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko babuze aho bakura icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko Uzamukunda Marie-Rose yasambanyijwe akiri umwana kuko bandikiye Inzego z’Ubuyobozi z‘aho uwo mwana yabarizwaga, basubizwa ko nta aderesi (adresse) y’uwo mwana izwi, bityo rero ko ntaho bahera batanga icyo cyemezo, asaba Urukiko ko rwagendera ku mategeko rugafata ko uwo mukobwa yasambanyijwe akuze. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asoza ariko avuga ko mu gufata icyemezo, Urukiko rwazashishoza kuko n’ubwo bwose nta cyemezo cy’amavuko cyagaragajwe, ko ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe no gusesengura urubanza (présomption humaine) byemewe mu mategeko cyane ko na Ngirababyeyi Thomas mu ibazwa rye mu nzego zabanje yiyemereye ko yasambanyije umwana ariko ageze muri uru Rukiko avuga ko yabonaga uwo mukobwa afite imyaka 20 kandi abeshya.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [10] Ingingo ya 165 y’Itegeko n° 30/2013 ryo kuwa 24/5/2013 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko «ugushidikanya birengera ushinjwa, iyo urubanza rwakurikiranywe mu buryo bwose, ntihagire ibimenyetso nyakuri biboneka byemeza nta shiti abacamanza ko ushinjwa yakoze icyaha koko, bagomba kwemeza ko atsinze». [11] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga kuba Ubushinjacyaha butarabashije kugaragaza bidashidikanywaho ko Uzamukunda Marie-Rose uvugwa ko yasambanyijwe ari umwana, bituma haba ugushidikanya kuri kimwe kandi cy’ingenzi mu bigize icyaha, bityo ibivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha y’uko hakurikizwa ikimenyetso gicukumbuwe no gusesengura urubanza kuko Ngirababyeyi Thomas yari yemeye ko yasambanyije umwana, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko icyemezo cy’amavuko cyatanzwe n’umukozi wa Leta ufite ububasha bwo kugikora cyangwa icyemezo cy’umuganga byonyine aribyo bishobora kugaragaza imyaka y’amavuko y’umuntu1. Kubera ibyo bisobanuro, hakaba hagomba kwemezwa ko icyaha Ngirababyeyi Thomas aregwa cyo gusambanya umwana kitamuhama2. [12] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 165 y’Itegeko n° 30/2013 ryavuzwe haruguru, icyaha cyo gusambanya Uzamukunda Marie-Rose utari wujuje imyaka y’ubukure (umwana), Ngirababyeyi Thomas akurikiranyweho kitamuhama kuko imyaka ya 1 ‘’C’est la production d’un acte de l’état de civil qui permettra de déterminer

l’âge réel, mais si cet acte ne paraît pas fiable, ou s’il n’existe pas, il sera possible de calculer l’âge probable de l’individu en ayant recours à une expertise fondée sur la morphologie’’, Jean-François RENUCCI et Christine Courtin, ‘’le droit pénal des mineurs’’, 4e édition, PUF, Paris, 1991, P.4. 2 Uyu ari umurongo wemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 015/10/CS rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 28/2/2014, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sebiteke Shamungabo.

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Uzamukunda Marie-Rose itagaragarijwe ikimenyetso, kuba ishidikanywaho bikaba bimurengera, bityo rero icyo cyaha akaba agomba kugihanagurwaho. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [13] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngirababyeyi Thomas bufite ishingiro. [14] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 0992/06/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 5/1/2010 rujurirwa, ihindutse kuri byose. [15] Rwemeje ko icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana Ngirababyeyi Thomas akurikiranweho kitamuhama, agihanaguweho. [16] Rutegetse ko Nyirababyeyi Thomas agomba kurekurwa uru rubanza rukimara gusomwa. [17] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.