UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRIMANA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00266/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGIRIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00266/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 27 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza – Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora gukurikizwa. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya ibihano ku bujurire – Nta kibuza umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’ubujurire kugabanyiriza igihano uwajuriye, mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ngirimana yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yaho afatanywe udupfunyika 720 tw’urumogi arutwaye mu birayi bivugwa ko yari aruvanye mu Gakenke arujyanye i Kigali kurucuruza, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000). Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Ngirimana yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera kuva yafatwa kandi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko igihano Ngirimana yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rumuhamisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000. Ngirimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 hashingiwe ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha kandi akaba yararangije kugororoka bihagije. Akavuga kandi ko nta cyabuza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’iki gihano, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire harimo urubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 2/7/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshakabatenda Jean De Dieu . Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nubwo nta kosa ryakozwe mu cyemezo Ngirimana ajuririra, ko ntacyabuza ko kuri uru rwego yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo 2 agace ka (a) na (d) y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo kuwa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora kongera gukurikizwa. 2. Nta kibuza umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’ubujurire kugabanyiriza igihano uwajuriye, mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe; ibi bikaba ari mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)”.

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Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ihindutse ku bijyanye gusa n’ibihano. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00367/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. RPAA 00048/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Bimenyimana Jean Paul rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022. RPAA 00406/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nahayo Ignace rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/10/2021. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Kuwa 13/11/2019 saa sita n’igice, mu Mudugudu wa Rutagara ya I, Akagari ka Nzove, Umurenge wa Kanyinya, aho bakunze kwita kuri Arsenal, Ngirimana Jean Pierre yafatanywe udupfunyika 720 tw’urumogi, arutwaye mu birayi bivugwa ko yari aruvanye mu Gakenke arujyanye i Kigali kurucuruza. [2] Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000). Ngirimana Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano. [3] Mu rubanza RP 01391/2019/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe kuwa 31/12/2019, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Ngirimana wemera icyaha, rushingiye ku buhamya bw’umuntu wari umutwaye kuri moto nawe umushinja, rushingiye no ku nyandiko- mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko urumogi afatanwe ari urwe, rwemeje ko Ngirimana ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [4] Ngirimana Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru avuga ko ubujurire bwe bugamije gutakambira urukiko kugira ngo rumugabanyirize igihano kuko atigeze arushya ubutabera kuva yafatwa kandi akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari aguye mu cyaha, asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano bihagije agashobora gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda kuko yarangije kumva ububi bw’icyaha yakoze. [5] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ubujurire bwa Ngirimana nta shingiro bufite kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye kandi ko impamvu atanga mu bujurire arizo zashingiweho mu

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kumugabanyiriza ibihano ku rwego rwa mbere, busaba urukiko guhamishaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye mu ngingo zarwo zose. [6] Mu rubanza RPA 00270/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe kuwa 30/3/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusesengura impamvu z’ubujurire za Ngirimana, rwasanze igihano yahanishijwe gikwiranye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, rumuhamisha ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 20.000.000. [7] Ngirimana Jean Pierre yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuri RPAA 00266/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 9/12/2024 yunganiwe na Me Rugundana Elysée naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire, Ngirimana Jean Pierre avuga ko yajurijwe no gutakambira Urukiko arusaba imbabazi kugira ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije naho Me Rugundana Elysée umwunganira asaba Urukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano, rukamugabanyiriza igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5ans). [9] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko, nubwo nta kosa ryakozwe mu cyemezo Ngirimana ajuririra, ariko ko ntacyabuza ko kuri uru rwego yongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo 2 agace ka (a) na ( d) y’itegeko No 059/2023 ryo kuwa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [10] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Ngirimana Jean Pierre akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego.

II. ISESENGURA RY’ URUBANZA Kumenya niba Ngirimana Jean Pierre akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano kuri uru rwego [11] Ngirimana Jean Pierre yajuriye asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kikagera ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 mu mwanya w’imyaka 25 yahanishijwe, ibi akaba abisaba ashingiye ku kuba agahabwa imyaka 5, hashingiwe ku kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha no kuba aribwo bwa mbere aguye mu cyaha kandi akaba yararangije kugororoka bihagije. [12] Me Rugundana Elysée avuga ko, nubwo yemera ko uwo yunganira yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku myaka 25 kivuye ku gifungo cya burundu, nyamara ko nta cyabuza ko yongera kugabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’iki gihano, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire harimo urubanza RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe kuwa 2/7/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nshakabatenda Jean De Dieu, aho rwavuze ko nta cyabuza umucamanza kugabanya kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko. Akomeza avuga ko n’ubwo uwo murongo waba waravuyeho urukiko rwareba igitekerezo cyari muri ruriya rubanza, rukagabanyiriza Ngirimana rukurikije akamaro k’igihano ndetse rugashyiraho undi murongo ukwiranye n’intego yo kugorora. [13] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko Ngirimana mu bujurire bwe atashoboye kugaragaza ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kumugenera igihano ku cyaha yemera, ko umurongo

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w’urubanza asaba gukurikiza agabanyirizwa igihano, nawe yemera ko ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’itegeko No 68/ 20218 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kandi ko iyi ngingo yamaze kuvanwaho, bityo uyu murongo ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa. Bukomeza buvuga ko, nubwo bimeze bityo, nta cyabuza ko kuri uru rwego Ngirimana yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo 2 agace ka ( a) na ( d) y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo kuwa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi bukaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha ku buryo buzwi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

A. Kumenya niba Ngirimana Jean Pierre yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igiteganywa n’itegeko [14] Ikibazo gikemurwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Ngirimana Jean Pierre ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko no kumenya niba Urukiko rwashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu maza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 iteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ku ruba yavanweho. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku mirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo yahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023, uru Rukiko rwabifasheho umwanzuro mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, aho rwemeje ko imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, idashobora gukurikizwa. Uru Rukiko rwafashe uyu murongo rwishingikirije ku rubanza RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul. [16] Urukiko rurasanga, rudashobora guhanisha Ngirimana igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko kuko ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko no 68/2018 ryavuzwe yishingikirizaho yahinduwe n’iya 2 y’Itegeko No 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, aho mu gace ka (a) ivuga ko, mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwagombaga guhanishwa igifungo cya burundu ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano ariko ntikijye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, naho mu gace ka (d), ikavuga ko ihazabu ishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya iteganyirizwa igihano cyahamye umuburanyi. Rurasanga, umuntu wese wasanga hari ubundi buryo iyi ngingo y’Itegeko yakumvikana ku bijyanye n’igabanyagaihano, yabiregera Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha.

B. Ku birebana n’ingano y’igihano [17] Ku birebana n’igabanyagihano ku rwego rw’ubujurire, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 22/10/2021, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nahayo Ignace aho rwemeje ko nta kibuza umucamanza wo ku rwego rw’ubujurire kugabanyiriza igihano uwajuriye, mu gihe cyose asanga icyo yahawe ku rwego rwa

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mbere kiremereye ugereranyije n’imikorere y’icyaha, kabone n’iyo ku rwego rubanza yaba yaragabanyirijwe; ibi bikaba ari mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha (Principe de la proportionnalité de la peine à l’infraction)”, ibi kandi bikaba bihuza n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [18] Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gutunda cyanga gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga atari munsi ya 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000. [19] Ingingo ya 2 y’ itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 , (…) naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri 1/4 cyayo“. [20] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga, igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw) Ngirimana Jean Pierre yahanishijwe gikabije kuba kinini ugereranyije n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge uyu yafatanywe (udupfunyika 720 tw’urumogi) no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kandi aribwo bwa mbere ahamijwe icyaha n’inkiko ndetse nta n’izindi mpamvu zagaragajwe zongera ububi bw’icyaha, bityo iki gihano kikaba kigomba kugabanywa no guhuzwa n’uburemere bw’icyaha ashinjwa. [21] Mu kumenya igihano Ngirimana Jean Pierre yahanishwa, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hari izindi manza ruheruka guca ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha bijya gusa n’icyo Ngirimana yahamijwe, muri zo hari nk’urubanza RPAA 00179/2022/CA rwaciwe kuwa 29/02/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bahati Célestin. Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwahanishije Bahati igifungo cy’imyaka 17 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000 Frw aho kuba igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.000.000 Frw yahanishijwe n’inkiko zibanza ku cyaha cyo gufatanwa udupfunyika 500 tw’urumogi. [22] Kubera izo mpamvu, mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera busa ku bibazo bijya gusa, kuba Ngirimana Jean Pierre akurikiranyweho ibijya gusa n’ibya Bahati, Urukiko rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko mu kugena ibihano, Urukiko rushingira ku mikorere y’icyaha, uburemere bwacyo ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, rushingiye kandi ku ngingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe, Urukiko rurasanga Ngirimana akwiye guhabwa igihano kidahabanye n’icyo Bahati yahawe kuko nawe yaburanye yemera icyaha, ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inkiko kandi yafatanwe udupfunyika 720 tw’urumogi. Bityo rero Ngirimana Jean Pierre akaba akwiye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu ( 16ans ) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi yahamijwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngirimana Jean Pierre bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe.

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[24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00270/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru kuwa 30/3/2023, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ibihano gusa. [25] Rwemeje ko Ngirimana Jean Pierre ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi. [26] Rutegetse ko Ngirimana Jean Pierre asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.