UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRINSHUTI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRINSHUTI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00333/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRINSHUTI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00333/2023/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J) 25 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agnega imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanyirizwa igihano - Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije igihano, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Mu bujurire, Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza igihe amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ngirinshuti w’imyaka 19 yaketsweho gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa biganaga w’imyaka 16 amutera inda, arafatwa, mu ibazwa rye yemera icyaha. Yakorewe dosiye ishyikirizwa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, aho ubushinjacyaha bwamuregaga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Nubwo mu ibazwa yari yemeye icyaha, muri urwo rukiko uregwa yahakanye icyo cyaha ariko urukiko rurakimuhamya ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko rwamuhamije icyaha rutabanje gushishoza ariko nyuma yo kujurira aza kongera muri dosiye ye umwanzuro wo kwemera icyaha. Urukiko rwasanze uko kwemera icyaha byarabaye impitagihe kuko yatanze uwo mwanzuro igihe cyo kujurira cyararangiye rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rujuririrwa. Uregwa yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, ubujurire burakirwa hasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yagabanyirizwa igihano. Ngirinshuti avuga ko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka 19, aribwo bwa mbere, agikorera umwana ufite imyaka 16 bakundanaga kandi bajya kuba mu kigero kimwe, ko ibyo urukiko rubanza rutabisuzumye ngo rubishingireho agabanyirizwe igihano. Asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa imyaka 10 hashingiwe ku mpamvu zasobanuwe no kuba yaritwaraga neza muri rubanda. Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko hashingiwe ku zindi manza zaciwe aho urukiko rwemezaga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite ariko bukagabanya igihano, ko no muri urubanza harebwa impamvu zititaweho uregwa akaba yagabanirizwa igihano kikagezwa ku myaka 10. Inshamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa anenga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe bihagije igihano, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo. Mu bujurire, Umucamanza yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza igihe amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 49.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC, Ubushinjacyaha na Niyionsaba Eric, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/01/2022; RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] US (izina ryahawe uwakorewe icyaha kuko ari umwana) yarasambanyijwe aterwa inda, afite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko. Ngirinshuti Didier yaketsweho icyaha cyo gusambanya uwo mwana bigaga ku shuri rimwe kuko bari basanzwe ari inshuti, yemera icyo cyaha mu nzego z’iperereza. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ngirinshuti Didier yaburanye ahakana icyaha ashinjwa avuga ko atigeze asambanya uwo mukobwa, ko yacyemeye mu nzego z’iperereza kubera ko yohejwe n’abagenzacyaha ko nacyemera arekurwa agasubira kwiga. [2] Mu rubanza No RP 00015/2021/TGI/KNG rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2021, Urukiko rwaregewe rushingiye kubyo uregwa yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no ku bimenyetso bitandukanye birimo imvugo y’umwana wahohotewe, rwemeje ko Ngirinshuti Didier ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [3] Ngirinshuti Didier yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rutashishoje mu gufata icyemezo cyo kumuhamya icyaha atakoze, kuko rwashingiye ko mu ntangiriro z’iperereza yemeye icyaha ndetse akaba agishinjwa n’umwana yasambanyije, akaba asanga bidahagije kuko kwemera icyaha guhamye ari ukubereye imbere y’Urukiko kandi ko atigeze yemera icyaha imbere yarwo. Yakomeje avuga ko mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi, ariko ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, umutima uramushuka umwumvisha kwirengagiza icyaha yakoze, bituma aburana ahakana icyaha, asaba Urukiko Rukuru gushingira ku kwemera icyaha akoreye mu bujurire, bityo rukamugabanyiriza ibihano. [4] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko impamvu z'ubujurire Ngirinshuti Didier yatanze mu mwanzuro uhakana icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana ariwo watangiwe igihe, ko uwo mwanzuro ariwo bashingiraho. Avuga ko Ngirinshuti Didier yakagombye kuba agaragaza inenge cyangwa amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere, ko nk’uko byemejwe mu manza No RPAA 00028/22/CA na RPAA 00048/2020/CA, kwemera icyaha ku rwego rw'ubujurire ntacyo byamumarira. [5] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwaciye urubanza No RPA 00104/2020/HC/RSZ, kuwa 14/06/2023, rusanga Ngirinshuti Didier amaze kubona ko nta handi yahungira icyaha yahisemo noneho kuburana acyemera kuko ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho byerekana nta shiti ko yagikoze, rusanga usibye kuba yemera icyaha impitagihe kuko umwanzuro ucyemera

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yawutanze ibihe byo kujurira byararenze, ukwemera icyaha kwe kwari kubaye bwa mbere ku rwego rw’Ubujurire, ibyo bikaba ntacyo byamumarira, bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [6] Ngirinshuti Didier yarongeye ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00333/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 05/09/2024, Ngirinshuti Didier yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire yabo, Ngirinshuti Didier n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutasesenguye igihano kinini yahawe kabone naho yari kuba atemera icyaha, ko n’ubwo yaba ataremeye icyaha bitabuza urukiko rwajuririwe kumugabanyiriza igihano. [8] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha asanga ubujurire bwa Ngirinshuti Didier bufite ishingiro ku byerekeranye n’uburemere bw’igihano yahawe, asaba ko urubanza RPA 00104/2020/HC/RSZ rwahinduka ku birebana n’ibihano, Ngirinshuti Didier agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri iyo miburanire rurasuzuma niba igihano Ngirinshuti Didier yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) kiremereye kikaba gikwiye kongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Ngirinshuti Didier yagabanyirizwa igihano [10] Ngirinshuti Didier na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron umwunganira bavuga ko yakoze icyaha afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, asambanya umukobwa ufite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) bari hafi mu kigero kimwe kandi bakundana, ariko ko ibyo Urukiko Rukuru rutabyitayeho, rumuha igihano kiremereye cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [11] Bakomeza bavuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rutasesenguye igihano kinini yahawe, ko rwari kureba niba icyo gihano gikwiriye umuntu ukoze icyaha bwa mbere (délinquent primaire), rukabihuza n’izindi mpamvu nk’uko zisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’ kandi agatanga igihano gikwiye kandi gihuje n’imigendere y’icyaha cyakozwe”. [12] Basoza bavuga ko Ngirinshuti Didier asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku kuba aribwo bwa mbere akurikiranwe n’inzego z’ubutabera ndetse ko yari asanzwe yitwara neza nk’uko bigaragazwa n’abo bari baturanye ndetse n’inzego z’ibanze z’aho yari atuye, ko yaburanye yemera icyaha akurikiranweho, ariko ko n’ubwo atari kucyemera bitari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza igihano, bakaba basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kumugabanyiriza igihano yahawe kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko hari izindi manza zaciwe zikemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite ariko hakabaho kugabanya igihano bitewe n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwe, imyitwarire

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y’uwagikoze ndetse n’ingano ye mu myaka igihe yakoraga icyaha. Atanga urugero rw’urubanza No RPAA 00102/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/6/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sebuhinja Innocent, aho urukiko rwamugabanyirije ibihano n’ubwo ubujurire bwe butari bwahawe ishingiro. [14] Akomeza avuga ko no muri uru rubanza hakwiye kurebwa uburyo Ngirinshuti Didier yakozemo icyaha, hatitawe kuba yaracyemeye cyangwa yaragihakanye, kuko yabanje gukundana n'umukobwa yasambanyije afite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). Ashingiye ku ngingo ya 21 y’ Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 30/08/2018 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, asaba ko Ngirinshuti Didier yagabanyirizwa igihano kikava mu myaka mukumyabiri (20) kikagezwa ku myaka icumi (10) y’igifungo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [15] Ababuranyi bose bemeranywa ko igihano Ngirinshuti Didier yahawe cy’igifungo cy’imyaka mukumyabiri (20) kiremereye kigereranyijwe n’imikorere y’icyaha, bagasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano, akaba aribyo bigiye gusuzumwa. [16] Ikibazo cyo kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu y’ubujurire yonyine cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga Urukiko rubanza, uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 492 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano3. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko Ngirinshuti Didier yasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa wiswe US ku mpamvu z’umutekano we, w’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, amutera inda. Igaragaza kandi ko Ngirinshuti Didier yemeye icyo cyaha mu Bugenzacyaha ndetse no mu Bushinjacyaha, ariko aburana ku rwego rwa mbere mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi agihakana, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), ageze mu Rukiko Rukuru aburana yemera icyo cyaha, urwo Rukiko rusanga usibye kuba umwanzuro we wemera icyaha yarawutanze impitagihe, ukwemera icyaha kwe gukozwe bwa mbere ku rwego rw’Ubujurire ntacyo kwamumarira,

1 Iyo ngingo ihindura iya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 30/08/2018 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. 2 Iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’ 3 Reba rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be, igika cya 252-254 ntacyo kwamumarira, rwemeza ko igihano yahawe kidahindutse. Ibi nibyo Ngirinshuti Didier ajuririra avuga ko n’ubwo atari yemeye icyaha bitari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza igihano.

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rwemeza ko igihano yahawe kidahindutse4. Ibi nibyo Ngirinshuti Didier ajuririra avuga ko n’ubwo atari yemeye icyaha bitari kubuza Urukiko Rukuru kumugabanyiriza igihano. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwa Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be n’Ubushinjacyaha, rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rutaragabanyirije Ngirinshuti Didier igihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha kwe, nta cyarubuzaga izindi impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo nko kuba nta bindi byaha yigeze akurikiranwaho no kuba by’umwihariko yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana (young adult), ndetse nta n’ikinyuranyo gikabije kiri hagati ye n’umwana yasambanyije bari hafi kungana, kuba rutarasuzumye izo mpamvu bikaba bigaragarza ko rutakoresheje neza ubushishozi bwarwo mu gusuzuma niba Ngirinshuti Didier yagabanyirizwa ibihano. Izi mpamvu ni nazo zashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 28/01/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyionsaba Eric5. [19] Muri urwo rubanza nubwo Niyionsaba Eric atemeraga icyaha cyo gusambanya abana batatu uw’imyaka icumi (10), uw’imyaka cumi n’ibiri (12) n’undi w’imyaka cumi n’ine (14), Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bimuhamya icyo cyaha, ariko rusanga bigaragara ko nta bindi byaha yigeze akurikiranwaho, akaba atafatwa nk’umuntu usanzwe ari umunyarugomo; ndetse akaba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana (young Adult) imyaka makumyabiri (20) y’amavuko, bityo rusanga hakiri amahirwe y’uko ashobora kugororwa, agasubira mu muryango nyarwanda agifite imbaraga zatuma afatanya n’abandi kubaka igihugu, bityo rumuganyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) mu mwanya w’igifungo cya burundu yari yarahawe6. [20] Muri uru rubanza rwa Ngirinshuti Didier, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga yarahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’umukobwa ufite imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, akaba yarakoze icyo cyaha afite imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) y’amavuko, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). Rurasanga nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, mu kumuhana hataritawe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranweho icyaha, akaba atafatwa nk’umuntu usanzwe ari umunyarugomo no kuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo akiva mu bwana (jeune adulte) kandi nta kinyuranyo kinini kiri hagati ye n’umukobwa yasambanyije kuko batarutanaga bikabije, hakiri n’amahirwe y’uko ashobora kugororwa agasubira mu muryango nyarwanda. [21] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 133 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko yahinduwe kugeza ubu, igika cya kabiri, ivuga ko umuntu uhamijwe n’urukiko gukora kimwe mu bikorwa byo gusambanya umwana bivugwa mu gika cya (1) cy’iyi ngingo, ahanishwa igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ariko kitarenze imyaka (25); runashingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 rivuzwe haruguru,yahinduye ingingo ya 60 y’iryo Tegeko, aho mu gace (b) iyo ngingo ya 2 igira iti: « Iyo

4 Urubanza No RPA 00104/2020/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 14/06/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ngirinshuti Didier, igika cya 28. 5 Urubanza Nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kuwa 28/01/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Niyionsaba Eric, igika cya 26, 30 kugeza 32.

6 Ibid.

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umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: … (b) igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe, rurasanga Ngirinshuti Didier akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi (10 ans). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngirinshuti Didier bufite ishingiro ku bijyanye n’igihano yajuririye. [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza No RPA 00104/2020/HC/RSZ, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi kuwa 14/06/2023, ruhindutse gusa ku bijyanye n’igihano. [24] Ruhanishije Ngirinshuti Didier igifungo cy’imyaka icumi (10). [25] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.