UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRUWONSANGA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRUWONSANGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-09-25 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00424/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NGIRUWONSANGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00424/2022/CA (Tugireyezu, P.J.) 25 Nzeri 2024] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igihano - Igabanya gihano - Abaregwa ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 29 Nzeri 2021, Ngiruwonsanga na Nzabana bafatanwe udupfunyika 3000 tw’urmogi bacuruzaga mu baturage, bakorerwa dosiye, ubushinjacyaha butanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rubarega icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, bakagihanirwa. Ngiruwonsanga yaburanye yemera anasaba imbabazi naho Nzabana aburana ahakana icyaha. Urukiko rwasanze bombi bahamwa n’icyaha bashinjwa rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.100.000 Frw. Abaregwa ntibishimiye icyo cyemezo bakijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, rumaze gusuzuma ubujurire bwabo rwemeza ko Ngiruwonsanga ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ihazabu yo ntiyahinduka naho Nzabana agirwa umwere. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe maze ajuirira icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko akwiye kongera kugabanirizwa igihano. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Ngiruwonsanga yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. Uyu asobanura ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano ariko ntirugeze ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo kigere ku ntego yacyo yo gukosora uregwa, icyo gihano kikaba gikabije kuremera agasaba ko yakongera kuganyirizwa kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite kuko kuba Ngiruwonsanga yaremeye icyaha aribyo byatumye agabanyirizwa igihano kandi akaba atagaragaza ko urukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje itegeko nabi cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’icyemezo: Abaregwa ntibakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 60; Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 0085/09/CS, Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011;

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RPA 00060/2021/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Rusesabagina Paul n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 29/09/2021, Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim na Nzabana Emmanuel bafatanwe udupfunyika ibihumbi bitatu (3.000) tw’urumogi bagenda barucuruza mu baturage, bahita bafatwa bashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha nabwo bukora dosiye buyishyikiriza Ubushinjacyaha. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu, bukurikiranyeho Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim na Nzabana Emmanuel icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba ko cyabahama, bakagihanirwa. [3] Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yaburanye yemera icyaha, agasobanura uko yagikoze, akanagisabira imbabazi. Naho Nzabana Emmanuel aburana ahakana icyaha, avuga ko uwitwa Tuyisenga Jean Claude yamubwiye kuza akamuha akazi nk’uko asanzwe akamukorera akajya kumutwarira imyumbati, ageze kwa Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim mu gihe yari arimo kwinjiza igare, abapolisi baramufata, ariko avuga ko ntaho ahuriye n’urwo rumogi. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00701/2021/TGI/RBV rwaciwe ku wa 29/10/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha, birimo: a. Kuba Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yemera icyaha; b. Inyandikomvugo y’ifatira bashyizeho imikono yabo bemera ko bafatanwe urumogi inagaragaza ingano y’urumogi bafatanwe; c. Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya barimo Tuyisenga Jean Claude watanze amakuru yagendeweho kugira ngo abaregwa bafatwe na Ndayambaje Alphonse umwe mu bafashe abaregwa bemeje ko abaregwa bafatanyaga mu gutunda no gucuruza urumogi; Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim na Nzabana Emmanuel bombi bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rubahanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu ya 20.100.000 Frw, rutegeka ko udupfunyika 3.000 tw’urumogi rwafatiriwe, rwangizwa kuva urubanza rukimara kuba ndakuka. [5] Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim na Nzabana Emmanuel ntibishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze. Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yavugishije ukuri anasaba n’imbabazi. Naho Nzabana Emmanuel ajurira avuga ko atari aziranye na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, ko uwo bari baziranye ari Tuyisenga Jean Claude wajyaga amuha akazi ko kumutwarira imizigo nk’umunyonzi w’igare; ko mbere y’uko bafatwa yamuhamagaye, amurangira aho bahurira, ajyayo, Tuyisenga Jean Claude ahageze niko kuhabasangana na Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim; afatwa gutyo atari azi iby’iyo gahunda. Nzabana Emmanuel akomeza avuga ko Tuyisenga Jean Claude yamujijije amakimbirane yo mukazi yabaye hagati y’umugore wa Tuyisenga Jean Claude na mushiki wa Nzabana Emmanuel, ko aricyo

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cyamuteye kumwishyiramo, akaba atari azi ko yamwihimuraho bene ako kagene; agasaba kurenganurwa akagirwa umwere. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye busaba ko abaregwa bagumishwa ku bihano bahawe ndetse ko Urukiko rutajya munsi y’igihano gito itegeko riteganya kuri Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00926/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 20/06/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwasanze Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim akwiriye kongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, rumugabanyiriza igihano rumuhanisha imyaka 15 aho kuba imyaka 25 yari yahanishijwe mbere ariko ruvuga ko ihazabu yari yahanishijwe mbere itagabanyijwe. Naho kuri Nzabana Emmanuel, urukiko rwasanze ibimenyetso byashingiweho mbere bishidikanywaho maze rumugira umwere. [8] Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa Nº RPAA 00424/2022/CA, iburanisha ryishyirwa ku wa 09/09/2024, ariko kuri uwo munsi ntirwaburanishwa, rwimurirwa ku wa 13/09/2024, Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yunganiwe na Me Niyonsenga Vincent naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Beatrice, Umuhsinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano ariko ntirugeze ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo kigere ku ntego yacyo yo gukosora uregwa ariko hanarebwa ko yazasubizwa mu muryango nyarwanda, ko abona gikabije kuremera, asaba kongera kukigabanyirizwa kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. [10] Me Niyonsenga Vincent umwunganira, asaba Urukiko kugabanyiriza Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ibihano nk’umuntu wemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranweho icyaha, maze rukamuhanisha ½ cy’imyaka 25 bityo ikaba imyaka 12.5 no kujya munsi kuko urukiko rubifitiye ububasha maze n’ihazabu rikagabanywa rikajya kuri ¼ cya 20.000.000 Frw. [11] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije hakurikijwe icyaha Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ubundi giteganyirijwe igifungo cya burundu igihano gito ashoboka guhabwa ari icy’imyaka 15, bityo ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko igihano gito yakabaye ahabwa n’ubundi ari cyo yahawe. [12] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari ukumenya niba Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yakongera kugabanyirizwa ibihano Mu mwanzuro no mu miburanire ye, Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa Urukiko rwamugabanyirije igihano ariko ntirugeze ku rwego rwo hasi kugira ngo kigere ku ntego yacyo yo gukosora uregwa ariko hanarebwa ko yazasubizwa mu muryango nyarwanda, ko

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abona gikabije kuremera, asaba kongera kukigabanyirizwa kuko yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. [13] Me Niyonsenga Vincent umwunganira, asaba Urukiko kugabanyiriza Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ibihano nk’umuntu wemeye icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranweho icyaha, asobanura ko n’ubwo yagabanyirijwe igifungo ariko bidahagije kuko igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe kikiri kirekire naho ihazabu yo ikaba itaragabanyijwe nyamara itegeko rishya rya 2023 riteganya ko n’ihazabu rishobora kugabanywa kugera kuri ¼, ko rero Urukiko rwajuririwe rwazashingira ku itegeko rishya maze rukamuhanisha ½ cy’imyaka 25 bityo ikaba imyaka 12.5 no kujya munsi kuko urukiko rubifitiye ububasha maze n’ihazabu rikagabanywa rikajya kuri ¼ cya 20.000.000 Frw. [14] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire za Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha aregwa ari byo byatumye agabanyirizwa igihano kandi muri uru rubanza ntaho agaragaza ko urukiko rubanza rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano, bityo akaba nta cyo gukosora gihari cyatuma uru rubanza ruhinduka mu bijyanye n’ibihano byatanzwe. [15] Ubushinjacyaha bukomeza buvuga kandi ko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko ingingo ya 60 y’iryo tegeko ihinduwe ku buryo bukurikira: « Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a)igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; (b)igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe1; bityo ko hakurikijwe icyaha Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi ubundi giteganyirijwe igifungo cya burundu igihano gito ashoboka guhabwa ari icy’imyaka 15, bityo ko atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko igihano gito yakabaye ahabwa n’ubundi ari cyo yahawe. Naho ku birebana n’ihazabu Urukiko Rukuru rutagabanyije, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta tegeko ryishwe ku kuba umucamanza ataragabanyije ihazabu kuko adategetswe byanze bikunze kugabanya ihazabu kuko we yabonye igikwiye kugabanywa ari igifungo gusa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim atakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. [17] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije cyafashweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga2 , mu rubanza No RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6,

1 Ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe n’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023. 2 Reba urubanza No RPAA 0085/09/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 17/06/2011, haburana Ubushunjacyaha na Havugimana Innocent, igika cya 6

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ndetse n’uru Rukiko3 aho izo nkiko zasobanuye ko abaregwa badakwiye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kuba baragabanyirijwe igihano bihagije ku rwego rwa mbere. [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi bitatu (3000), kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi ku buryo budashidikanywaho. Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza No RPA 00926/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 20/06/2022, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rushingiye kuri uko kwemera icyaha kwe, rwagabanyirije Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim igihano rumuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rubavu rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, runavuga ko ihazabu yahanishijwe ya 20.100.000 Frw yo igumyeho. [19] Dosiye igaragaza kandi ko mu icibwa ry’urubanza No RPA 00926/2021/HC/MUS rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 60 igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 25, ko kandi mu gihe uru Rukiko rwari rutaraca urubanza hasohotse itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a) iteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yaragabanyirijwe igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 igika cya 1, y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rumuvana ku gifungo cy’imyaka 25 yari yahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa rubavu rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, runavuga ko ihazabu yahanishijwe ya 20.100.000 Frw yo ihamishwaho kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanwaho, akagisabira imbabazi; icyo gihano yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru kikaba rero gikwiriye ugereranije n’uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda no kugurisha mu Gihugu ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, aho yafatanwe udupfunyika tw’urumogi ibihumbi bitatu (3000). [21] Ku birebana n’ibivugwa na Me Niyonsenga Vincent umwunganira ko Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yagabanyiriza igihano agahabwa ½ cy’imyaka 25 bikaba imyaka 12.5 no kujya munsi kuko urukiko rubifitiye ububasha hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2, agace ka b, y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange riteganya ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kiva ku mezi 6 kuzamura gishobora kugabanywa, ariko ntikijye munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihano gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe; Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga iyo miburanire nta shingiro yahabwa kuko hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka b, y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yitsitsaho bigaragara ko igihano kivugwa gishobora kugabanywa kugera kuri ½ atari igihano uwahamwe n’icyaha yahawe, ahubwo ari igihano giteganyirizwa icyaha yahamijwe, maze mu gihe icyo cyaha yahamijwe umushingamategeko yagiteganyirijwe igihano kimara igihe kizwi umucamanza akaba

3 Reba urubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rusesabagina Paul na bagenzi be, urupapuro rwa 91, igika cya 264

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yagabanya ariko ntajye munsi ya ½ cy’igihano gito, bityo rero kuba Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yarahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu byumvikana ko atarebwa n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 2, agace ka b, y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru, ahubwo we akaba arebwa n’ibivugwa muri iyo ngingo ya 2, agace ka a, aho ashobora kugabanyirizwa ariko igifungo ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15, kuko aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ku birebana n’icyaha yahamijwe; bityo kuba yarahanishijwe imyaka 15 y’igifungo, kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa. [22] Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurasanga ahubwo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2, agace ka d4, y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwamugabanyiriza igihano cy’ihazabu yari yahanishijwe kingana na 20.100.000 Frw, maze agahanishwa ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [23] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe haruguru n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, aricyo gihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ashobora guhabwa mu gihe agabanyirijwe, bityo uru Rukiko rukaba rudashobora kukijya munsi Rurasanga ariko rwamugabanyiriza ihazabu, ikava kuri miliyoni makumyabiri n’ibihumbi ijana (20.100.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ikaba miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim, bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [25] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N˚ RPA 00926/2021/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 20/06/2022 ihindutse gusa ku birebana igihano cy’ihazabu; [26] Rwemeje ko Ngiruwonsanga Ibrahim ahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [27] Ruvuze ko asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

4 Iteganya ko “igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe”