UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGOBOKA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGOBOKA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-12 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00547/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NGOBOKA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00547/2023/CA (Kaliwabo, P.J.) 12 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora gukurikizwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ngoboka yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yaho afatanywe udupfunyika 15 tw'urumogi dufunze ndetse n'urundi rudafunze mu dupfunyika ariko rukaba rwavamo nk’udupfunyika 8 hamwe na Kanyanga byo gucuruza, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Ngoboka ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000Frw ndetse rutegeka ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe bitwikwa. Ngoboka yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yahanishijwe ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa biruseho. Urwo Rukiko mu guca urubanza rwemeje ko Ngoboka akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. Ngoboka yajuririye kandi mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse akanavanirwaho n’ihazabu. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta rindi gabanyagihano ryakorwa kubera ko Ngoboka yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Incamake y’icyemezo: Imirongo y’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo z’amategeko byavuyeho, ntishobora gukurikizwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00367/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023.

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 08/03/2020, mu Mudugudu wa Mpungwe, Akagali ka Masaka, Umurenge wa Rugalika, Akarere ka Kamonyi, Ngoboka Jean Claude yafatanywe udupfunyika 15 tw'urumogi dufunze ndetse n'urundi rudafunze mu dupfunyika ariko rukaba rwavamo nk’udupfunyika 8 hamwe na Kanyanga byo gucuruza. [2] Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge by’urumogi, busaba ko yahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Ngoboka Jean Claude yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00249/2020/TGI/MHG, rwaciwe ku wa 04/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, rushingiye ku mvugo ya Ngoboka Jean Claude yemera icyaha, ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’ibyo biyobyabwenge Ngoboka Jean Claude yashyizeho umukono yemeza ko ari ibye, rwemeje ko Ngoboka Jean Claude ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya 15.000.000Frw, rutegeka ko ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe bitwikwa. [4] Ngoboka Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwamuhanishije ibihano birebire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, asaba kugabanyirizwa biruseho. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije buvuga ko igihano yagenewe kigabanyije cyane kandi kikaba gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze, busaba ko kitahinduka. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00407/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe ku wa 08/12/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, rushingiye ku ngano nto y’urumogi (udupfunyika 15) Ngoboka Jean Claude yafatanwe, no kuba yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere agikurikinweho, rwasanze akwiriye kugabanyirizwa ibihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw. [6] Ngoboka Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00547/2023/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 3/12/2024 Ngoboka Jean Claude, yunganiwe na Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Mu mwanzuro we w’ubujurire n’uw’ubwunganizi, Ngoboka Jean Claude avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko rwamugabanyirije ibihano rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ariko rwiyibagiza ko rwashoboraga kumugabanyiriza ibihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko no kumuvaniraho ihazabu. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko nta rindi gabanyagihano ryakorwa kubera ko Ngoboka Jean Claude yahanishijwe igihano gito gishoboka hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023

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ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasuzuma niba Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Ngoboka Jean Claude igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko.

II. ISESENGURWA RY’ URUBANZA

 Kumenya Urukiko Rukuru rwarakoze ikosa ryo kutagabanyiriza Ngoboka Jean Claude igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko. [10] Mu mwamzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire ye, Ngoboka Jean Claude avuga ko kuva yafatwa yaburanye yemera icyaha kuburyo budashidikanywaho, ariko Urukiko Rukuru rukaba rutarabihaye ishingiro ngo rumugabanyirize ibihano bihagije, asaba kugabanyirizwa kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’itegeko ndetse no gukurirwaho ihazabu kugira ngo ajye kwita ku mfubyi yasigiwe zitagira kirengera. [11] Me Ruturwa Rumande Esron umwunganira, asaba Urukiko kugabanyiriza Ngoboka Jean Claude rushingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ndetse akaba ari n’ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera birebewe hamwe n’ingano y’ibiyobyabwenge yafatanwe, ibyo rukabikora hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [12] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije kuri iyi ngingo buvuga ko Ngoboka Jean Claude yahanishijwe ibihano bito bishoboka hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, busaba Urukiko kwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ikibazo gikemurwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Ngoboka Jean Claude ashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano kugeza munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya 5000.000Frw yahanishijwe mu Rukiko Rukuru, hasuzumwe ibikubiye mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo kuwa 30/08/2018 iteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [14] Icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Ngoboka Jean Claude yahamijwe, gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu, hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura itegeko N° 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko umuntu uhamwe n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabo itari munsi y’amafaranga 20.000.000 ariko itarenze amafaranga 30.000.000.

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[15] Ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya ko : “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …(a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“… (d) naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri ¼ cy’ihazabu ntoya yatega. [16] Ingngo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, mu gace kayo ka 6° iteganya ko ujurira agomba kugaragaza amakosa yakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n’amategeko, n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa. [17] Ku birebana na Ngoboka Jean Claude, bigaragara ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasuzumye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingiyeho ajurira, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga 5.000.000, iki kikaba aricyo gihano gito gishoboka itegeko ryageneye umuntu wakoze icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu1 (nk’uko biri kuri Ngoboka Jean Claude wahamwe no kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge) mu gihe umucamanza yasanze hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yavuzwe haruguru. [18] Urukiko rurasanga, imiburanire ya Ngoboka Jean Claude uvuga ko Urukiko rwagombye gukurikiza umurongo w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukamuhanisha igihano kiri munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’amategako, nta shingiro ifite kuko, umurongo avuga ari uwashingiraga ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyi ngingo ikaba yarasimbuwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, bityo Urukiko rukaba rudashobora gushingira ku murongo w’imanza zaciwe hashingiwe ku Itegeko cyangwa ingingo y’Itegeko ryahinduwe nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 22/12/2023, haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. [19] Urukiko, rushingiye ku isesengura rivuzwe haruguru no ku ngingo ya 183 y’Itegeko N° 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe, rurasanga nta kosa rikenewe gukosorwa mu rubanza RPA 00407/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 08/12/2023 kuko igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 frw) Ngoboka Jean Claude yahanishijwe aricyo gihano gito gishoboka ateganyirizwa n’amategeko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

1 Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo kuwa 08/11/2019 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko umuntu wese uhamwe n’icyaha cyo kubika,gutunda cyangwa kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye ahandishwa igifungo cya burundu no gutanga ihazabu itari munsi ya 20.000.000Frw ariko itarenze 30.000.000Frw.Naho ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko nº 059/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ikavuga ko mu gihe umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15“ .

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[20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Ngoboka Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite. [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00407/2020/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 08/12/2023, igumyeho mu ngingo zarwo zose, igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu ya 5.000.000Frw Ngoboka Jean Claude yahanishijwe kikaba kigumyeho. [22] Rutegetse ko Ngoboka Jean Claude asonerwa amagarama y'urubanza kuko yaburanye afunzwe.