ngoga vmukangoga nabandi

# ngoga vmukangoga nabandi

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-11 - Case/document no.: RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NGONGA V MUKANGOGA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 11 Ukwakira 2022] Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya – ikimenyetso gishya – Kuba ikimenyetso gishobora kubonwa n’umuburanyi ariko mu gihe kiburanisha ry’urubanza ntagitange kandi ubwacyo kikaba kitamara impaka ntabwo cyaba impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya Imiterere y’Ikibazo : Uru rubanza rwatangiye abana ba Ngoboka na Nikuze bitwa Mukangoga na Mugiramana barega abavandimwe babo Ngoboka yabyaranye n’abandi bagore kuko ngo aribo bakomoka ku babyeyi bashyingiranywe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko basaba kuzungura imitungo yose ya Ngoboka nubwo ngo imwe muriyo mitungo yanditswe kuri abo bagore bandi yashatse ndetse indi ikaba yaragurishijwe. Batanze icyo kirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge narwo mu rubanza Mu rubanza RC0125/14/TGI/NYGE narwo rwemeza ko Ngoboka nubwo yashatse abagore batatu buri wese yamushakiye umutungo we, bityo rwemeza ko mu kuzungura buri mwana agomba guherera ku umutungo wahawe nyina nk’uko byakorwaga hashingiwe ku muco, rwemeje kandi ko umutungo wari uwa Ngoboka bwite, ugomba kuzungurwa n’abamukomokaho bose, rwategetse kandi abaregwa guha abareze 5.000.000Frw y’uruhare rwabo ku mutungo bagurishije Murenzi. Mukangoga na Mugiramana, ntibishimiye imikirize yurwo rubanza maze bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru bavuga ko umutungo uburanwa wose ari uw’abashyingiranywe, ko rero abana batavuka ku isezerano bagomba kuzungura ku ruhande rwa se gusa, kuko Ngoboka na Nikuze batigeze batandukana cyangwa ngo bagabane umutungo, ko nubwo uwo mutungo wanditse ku bagore ba Ngoboka ari uwe, basaba ko yagurishijwe n’abaregwa mu buryo butari bwo yagaruzwa. Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza RCA0060/15/HC/KIG rwasanze Mukangoga na Mugiramana nta kimenyetso bagaragaje cyemeza ko imitungo abandi bagore ba Ngoboka bari batuyemo yari yarahashywe na Nikuze na Ngoboka, bityo rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bw’abaregwa bufite ishingiro ndetse n’ubw’abagobotse mu rubanza, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, rutegeka abajuriye kwishyura abaregwa indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka. Mukangoga na Mugiramana ntibishimiye imikirize yurwo rubanza, barujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko hakwiye kurebwa niba Nikuze na Ngoboka Jean bari basangiye umutungo cyangwa wari uwa Ngoboka gusa ku buryo yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuwutanga uko yishakiye no kumenya uko wazungurwa. Muri uru rubanza hagobotsemo Ngoga Placide ahagarariye inyungu za se Ngoga Jean Paul (umwana wa Ngoboka Jean na Nikuze Ancille) wapfuye, kubera ivugurura ryabaye mu nkiko, ubujurire bwimuriwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire narwo mu rubanza RCAA 00029/2018/CA, rwemeje ko ubujuririre bwa Mukangoga na Mugiramana Rosine bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko kugoboka kwa Ngoga Placide gufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko mu izungura ry’imitungo yagurishijwe, buri ruhande ruherezwaho umutungo rwagurishije, bityo n’amasezerano

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y’ubugure yakozwe kuri iyo mitungo yasabirwaga guseswa, agumanye agaciro kayo. Rutegeka ko umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI: 2124 ugizwe n’ishyamba riherereye kuri mont Kigali, Ngoboka yahahanye na Nikuze ugomba kugabanywamo kabiri, kimwe cya kabiri (½) kigahabwa abana ba Nikuze nk’uruhare rwa nyina naho kimwe cya kabiri (½) kindi kikagabanywa ku buryo bungana abana ba Ngoboka bose maze Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be, ko imitungo igizwe na UPI: 1/03/09/03/308, UPI: 1/01/01/06/108 na UPI: 1/01/01/06/109 kuri Ngoboka wenyine igabanwa ku buryo bungana n’abana bose bamukomokaho bakiriho, naho Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be. Rwategetse kandi Mukangoga na Mugiramana gufatanya kwishyura igihembo cya Avoka na y’ikurikiranarubanza buri wese mu Bagobokeshejwe. Nyuma yaha Ngoga Placide yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya, avuga ko hari ibimenyetso bishya yabonye nyuma y’aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rucibigango na Karamba, bwandikiwe imbere ya Noteri, aho bombi bemeza ko umutungo wagurishijwe na nyirawo Ngoboka mu mwaka wa 1997 bikaba bivuguruza ibyavuzwe na Umuteteri ko hari umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwafashe icyemezo ku ntebe ko urubanza ruburanishwa Nkurunziza, Nyirinkindi, Mushimire, Mutamuliza, Musabirema na Uwera Cyuzuzo badahari, urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nk’urwaburanishijwe bahari. Ku bijyanye no Kumenya niba ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rucibigango na Karamba ari ibimenyetso bishya byatuma urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, Ngoga Placide avuga ko basaba ko urubanza RCAA 00029/2018/CA rusubirwamo, kuko imvugo za Umuteteri zihabanye n’ukuri, ku buryo byagize ingaruka ku mikirize y’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo ingingo nshya, bigatuma Ngoga placide arengana, mu kumuhererezaho imitungo ivugwa ko yagurishijwe na se Ngoga Jean Paul ku ruhare yari yarahawe n’umubyeyi we Ngoboka kandi ngo nyamara atari ko bimeze, ibyo bikaba byaratumye afatwa nk’aho azunguye se ku mutungo yahawe kandi ntawo yahawe ngo awugurishe kuko wagurishijwe na Ngoboka ubwe. Uhagarariye Mukangoga na Mugiramana avuga ko ikimenyetso cyatanzwe na Ngoga ari gishya kandi ko kimara impaka kuko ntawakivuguruje. Uhagarariye Bapfakurera avuga ko ikirego cya Ngoga Placide gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya kidakwiye kwakirwa, kuko ikimenyetso yita ko ari gishya ari ubuhamya bw’abantu n’ubundi bari bahari mu gihe urubanza rusubirishwamo rwaburanishwaga. Uhagarariye Umuteteri, Utarutwa, Hitiyise, Tuyisenge, Mukamazimpaka, Niyonsenga na Mugiraneza avuga ko abo ahagarariye basanga ikimenyetso cy’ubuhamywa kitamara impaka, ko cyari kumara impaka iyo hagaragazwa amasezerano y’ubugure hakanarebwa ko atari kubasha kuyabona. Uhagarariye Murenzi avuga ko uwo ahagarariye icyo kibazo kitamureba, bityo ko ibindi babihariye Urukiko. Mu mwanzuro wa Nyirinkindi na Nkurunziza bavuga ko basanga uru rubanza rudafite ishingiro kubibareba, kuko basanga ibivugwa muri icyo kimenyetso ntaho bihuriye n’umutungo baguze.

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Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RS/REV/RC00001/2021/CA, rwemeje ko ubuhamya bwa Rucibigango n’ubwa Karamba bwashyizwe mu nyandiko imbere ya Noteri atari ikimenyetso gishya, kivugwa n’itegeko kuko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso kitashoboraga kuboneka igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga ariko cyari ngombwa muri urwo rubanza. Kuba rero Ngoga yaragishatse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza, nyamara n’igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga cyarashoboraga kuboneka kuko atavuga ko abo batangabuhamya batashoboraga kuboneka, cyangwa ngo agaragarize Urukiko ko bitashobokaga ko amenya ko abo batangabuhamya bahari, ntabwo ubuhamya atanze nyuma y’aho urubanza rubereye itegeko bushobora gukoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso cyatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kuba ikimenyetso gishobora kubonwa n’umuburanyi ariko mu gihe kiburanisha ry’urubanza ntagitange kandi ubwacyo kikaba kitamara impaka ntabwo cyaba impamvu yo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya. Bityo, iyo umuburanyi yashoboraga kwifashisha abatangabuhamya mu rubanza, ariko ntabikore, ntabwo ubuhamya atanze nyuma y’aho urubanza rubereye itegeko bushobora gukoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso gishya cyatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya nticyakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 170, Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC rwa Shema Charles v I & M BANK Rwanda Plc rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020 RS/REV/CIV 0002/12/SC Mulindahabi Fidèle v ATRACO rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2019 RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS rwa Nyamaswa Ephron na Mukamusoni Astérie, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017 Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ngoboka Jean yashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko na Nikuze Ancille mu mwaka wa 1969, babyarana abana batatu ari bo: Mukangoga Marie Louise, Mugiramana Rosine na Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye. Mu mwaka wa 1975, Nikuze Ancille aza kwahukana ntiyongera kubana n’umugabo kugeza ubwo apfuye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994. Nyuma y’uko Nikuze Ancille yahukanye Ngoboka Jean yashatse abandi bagore babiri ari bo Mwanayire

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Jeanne d’Arc na Kankindi Marie, bose babyarana abandi bana. Mu mwaka wa 2000, Ngoboka Jean yaje gupfa azize uburwayi. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, abo bana bagiranye ibibazo bishingiye ku izungura, bituma Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine barega abavandimwe babo Ngoboka Jean yabyaranye n’abandi bagore be mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, basaba kuzungura umutungo wasizwe na se utaragurishwa, no kugabana amafaranga yavuye mu mutungo wagurishijwe hiyongereyeho n’inyungu ziyakomokaho. [2] Mu rubanza RC0125/14/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku wa 13/01/2015, urwo Rukiko rwasanze Ngoboka Jean yarashatse abagore batatu ariko buri wese yaramushakiye umutungo we, kandi mu kuzungura buri mwana agomba guherera ku umutungo wahawe nyina nk’uko byakorwaga hashingiwe ku muco, maze rwemeza ko umutungo wari uwa Ngoboka Jean bwite, ugizwe n’ishyamba n’amazu abiri ari mu Gakinjiro ugomba kuzungurwa n’abamukomokaho bose, naho igipangu kirimo amazu abiri na annexes biri Niboye-Kicukiro bikaguma mu maboko y’abana Ngoboka Jean yabyaranye na Kankindi Marie, rutegeka ko imitungo igizwe n’ishyamba riri mu Mudugudu wa Muganza, Akagari ka Kigali, Umurenge wa Kigali, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, n’amazu abiri ari mu Gakinjiro, Umudugudu wa Kinyambo, Akagari ka Kora, Umurenge wa Gitega, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali, bigurishwa, ikiguzi kivuyemo kikagabanywamo 3, buri mwana akagabana ku ruhare rwa nyina. Rutegeka kandi Muteteri Germaine, Niyonsenga, Mugiraneza Eric, Utarutwa Françoise, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne na Hitiyise Jean-Luc guha Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine 5.000.000Frw y’uruhare rwabo ku mutungo bagurishije na Murenzi Théoneste. [3] Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine, ntibishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza RC0125/14/TGI/NYGE, bajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru bavuga ko umutungo uburanwa wose ari uw’abashyingiranywe, ko rero abana batavuka ku isezerano bagomba kuzungura ku ruhande rwa se gusa, kuko Ngoboka Jean na Nikuze Ancille batigeze batandukana cyangwa ngo bagabane umutungo, ko nubwo uwo mutungo wanditse ku bagore ba Ngoboka Jean wari uwe, basaba ko mu mitungo yihariwe n’abaregwa, iyagurishijwe mu buryo butari bwo yagaruzwa. [4] Mu rubanza RCA0060/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 24/03/2016, urwo Rukiko rwasanze Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine nta kimenyetso bagaragaje cyemeza ko imitungo abandi bagore ba Ngoboka Jean bari batuyemo yari yarahashwe na Nikuze Ancille na Ngoboka Jean, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa Muteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Françoise, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Niyonsenga Alice, Utamuliza Macline na Mugiraneza Eric bufite ishingiro ndetse n’ubw’abagobotse mu rubanza, rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku rubanza rwajuririwe, rutegeka abajuriye kwishyura Muteteri Germaine n’abavandimwe be 1.500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka no gukurikirana urubanza, na 500.000Frw kuri buri wese wagobotse mu rubanza, akanahabwa 300.000Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro uretse Nyirinkindi Jean Marie Vianney utaritabye, naho Bapfakurera Robert agahabwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 600.000Frw kubera ko yarezwe ntacyo asabwa. [5] Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine ntibishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, bajuririra Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ubujurire bwandikwa kuri RCAA00040/2016/CS, bavuga ko

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hakwiye kurebwa niba Nikuze Ancille na Ngoboka Jean bari basangiye umutungo cyangwa wari uwa Ngoboka Jean gusa ku buryo yari afite uburenganzira bwo kuwutanga uko yishakiye no kumenya uko wazungurwa. Muri uru rubanza hagobotsemo Ngoga Placide ahagarariye inyungu za se Ngoga Jean Paul (umwana wa Ngoboka Jean na Nikuze Ancille) wapfuye, kubera ivugurura ryabaye mu nkiko, ubujurire bwimuriwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire bwandikwa kuri RCAA00029/2018/CA. [6] Ku wa ku wa 16/07/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaciye urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwemeza ko ubujuririre bwa Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Rosine bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko kugoboka kwa Ngoga Placide gufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko mu izungura ry’imitungo yagurishijwe, buri ruhande ruherezwaho umutungo rwagurishije, bityo n’amasezerano y’ubugure yakozwe kuri iyo mitungo yasabirwaga guseswa, akaba agumanye agaciro kayo. Rutegeka ko umutungo ubaruwe kuri UPI: 2124 ugizwe n’ishyamba riherereye kuri mont Kigali, Ngoboka Jean yahahanye na Nikuze Ancille ugomba kugabanywamo kabiri, kimwe cya kabiri (½) kigahabwa abana ba Nikuze Ancille nk’uruhare rwa nyina naho kimwe cya kabiri (½) kindi kikagabanywa ku buryo bungana abana ba Ngoboka Jean bose maze Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be, ko imitungo igizwe na UPI: 1/03/09/03/308 uherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Kicukiro, Umurenge wa Niboye, Akagari ka Nyakabanda, Umudugudu w’Inyarurembo, UPI: 1/01/01/06/108 na UPI: 1/01/01/06/109 iherereye mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Umurenge wa Gitega, Akagari ka Kora yanditse kuri Ngoboka Jean wenyine igabanwa ku buryo bungana n’abana bose bamukomokaho bakiriho, naho Ngoga Jean-Paul wapfuye agahagararirwa n’abazungura be. Rwategetse kandi Mukangoga Marie-Louise na Mugiramana Louise gufatanya kwishyura 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza buri wese mu bagobokeshejwe aribo Murenzi Théoneste na Bapfakurera Robert no guha 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, Nyirinkindi Jean Marie Vianney na Nkurunziza Emmanuel kuko bahuje Avoka. [7] Ku wa 21/10/2021, Ngoga Placide yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya, avuga ko hari ibimenyetso bishya yabonye nyuma y’aho urwo rubanza ruciriwe bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwo ku wa 11/09/2021, bwatanzwe na Rucibigango Robert na Karamba Jean Claude akaba umuhungu wa Karangwa Charles, bwandikiwe imbere ya Noteri, aho bombi bemeza ko umutungo wagurishijwe na nyirawo Ngoboka Jean mu mwaka wa 1997 bikaba bivuguruza ibyavuzwe na Umuteteri Germaine ko hari umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul, ikirego cye gihabwa N°RS/REV/RC 00001/2021/CA. [8] Iburanisha ryabaye mu ruhame ku wa 05/10/2022, Ngoga Placide yunganiwe na Me Karangwa Martin, Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine bahagarariwe na Me Kamali Nyampatse Valence, Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric bahagarariwe na Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco, Bapfakurera Robert ahagarariwe na Me Mucyo Donatien, Murenzi Théoneste ahagarariwe na Me Muhirwa Ngabo Audace, Nkurunziza Emmanuel na Nyirinkindi Jean Marie Vianney batitabye, Mushimire Dusenge Didier, Mutamuliza Macline, Musabirema Jackson na Uwera Cyuzuzo batitabye, naho Ishimwe Fabrice na Mwiseneza Huguette bahagarariwe na Me Nubumwe Jean Bosco.

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[9] Urukiko rushingiye ku ngingo ya 56 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi rufata icyemezo mu ntebe ko urubanza ruburanishwa Nkurunziza Emmanuel, Nyirinkindi Jean Marie Vianney, Mushimire Dusenge Didier, Mutamuliza Macline, Musabirema Jackson na Uwera Cyuzuzo badahari, urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nk’urwaburanishijwe bahari, haburanishwa ibijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1.Kumenya niba ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Rucibigango Robert na Karamba Jean Claude ari ibimenyetso bishya byatuma urubanza RCAA 00029/2018/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya [10] Ngoga Placide n’umwunganira bashingiye ku ngingo ya 170, igika cya 1, agace ka 3, y’Itegko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru, iteganya ko urubanza rushobora gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya iyo, kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo, bavuga ko hari ibimenyetso bishya bimara impaka, bigaragaza akarengane yagiriwe mu rubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [11] Basobanura ko ibyo bimenyetso bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwanditse bwa Rucibigango Robert bwo ku wa 11/09/2021, aho yasobanuye ko umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko munsi ya Hôtel le Printemps uvugwa mu rubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ko yawuguze n’umuhungu wa Ngoboka Jean witwa Ngoga Jean Paul, ko we nta bugure yigeze agirana na Ngoga Jean Paul, ko ahubwo ubugure bw’uwo mutungo bwabaye hagati ya Ngoboka Jean na Karangwa Charles mu mwaka wa 1997, ndetse n’ubuhamya bwatanzwe na Karamba Jean Claude, umuhungu wa Karangwa Charles, bwo ku wa 11/09/2021 bwandikiwe imbere ya Noteri, aho yemeza ko amakuru yatanzwe mu rubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ko umutungo wahoze ari uwa Ngoboka Jean uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko munsi ya Hôtel le Printemps aho bivugwa ko wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul ukagurwa na Rucibigango Robert atari byo, ko ahubwo uwo mutungo se Karangwa Charles yawuguze na Ngoboka Jean mu mwaka wa 1997, bakaba basanga ubu buhamya buvuguruza ibyavuzwe na Umuteteri Germaine ko hari umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul, bikaba yaranashingiweho n’Urukiko mu gika cya 25 n’icya 72 by’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [12] Bavuga kandi ko bashingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso bimaze kugaragazwa, basaba ko urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rusubirwamo, kuko imvugo za Umuteteri Germaine zihabanye n’ukuri, ku buryo byagize ingaruka ku mikirize y’urwo rubanza bigatuma Ngoga Placide arengana, mu kumuherezaho imitungo ivugwa ko yagurishijwe na se Ngoga Jean Paul ku ruhare yari yarahawe n’umubyeyi we Ngoboka Jean kandi atari ko bimeze, ibyo bikaba byaratumye afatwa nk’aho azunguye se ku mutungo yahawe kandi ntawo yahawe ngo awugurishe. Babajijwe gusobanura uburyo icyo kimenyetso ari gishya kandi kimara impaka, bavuga ko ari gishya kuko cyabonetse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza, ko kandi batari bazi ko gihari mu gihe urubanza rwaburanwaga, kikaba kimara impaka kuko kivuga ukuri ku ibyabaye. Me Karangwa Martin abajijwe ikimenyetso

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yumva cyamara impaka ku bijyanye n’ubugure, avuga ko ari ubuhamya bwakorewe imbere ya Noteri. [13] Uhagarariye Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine avuga ko ikimenyetso cyatanzwe na Ngoga Placide ari gishya kuko mu buhamya bwa Rucibigango Robert na Karamba Jean Claude bavuga ko bamaze kubona ibyavuzwe mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo basanga atari ukuri, maze bagaragaza abagurishije umutungo n’abawuguze, kikaba rero kitarashoboraga kuboneka kuko batari babizi, ko kandi ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka kuko ntawakivuguruje. Abajijwe ikimenyetso yumva cyamara impaka ku bijyanye n’ubugure avuga ko ari amasezerano y’ubugure yunganiwe n’ubuhamya. [14] Uhagarariye Bapfakurera Robert avuga ko ikirego cya Ngoga Placide gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya kidakwiye kwakirwa, kuko ikimenyetso yita ko ari gishya ari ubuhamya bw’abantu n’ubundi bari bahari mu gihe urubanza rusubirishwamo rwaburanishwaga, akaba atari ikimenyetso gishya kivugwa n’itegeko kuko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso kitashoboraga kuboneka igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga ariko cyari ngombwa muri urwo rubanza, ariko ko Ngoga Placide n’umwunganira bo bavuga ko babonye ko gikenewe nyuma y’icyibwa ry’urubanza, akaba asanga rero ikimenyetso gishya kidashingira ku mikirize y’urubanza ahubwo ari ikimenyetso cyari gikenewe mu rubanza ariko kikaba kitarashoboraga kuboneka. Avuga kandi ko atari ikimenyetso kimara impaka kuko atari amasezerano y’ubugure bwabaye hagati ya Karangwa Charles na Ngoboka Jean. [15] Uhagarariye Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric avuga ko abo ahagarariye basanga ntacyo bavuga ku kuba iki kimenyetso ari gishya mu gihe nta masezerano y’ubugure yagaragajwe ngo hamenyekane ko Ngoga Placide atashoboraga kumenya ko icyo kimenyetso gihari. Avuga kandi ko ikimenyetso cy’ubuhamywa kitamara impaka, ko cyari kumara impaka iyo hagaragazwa amasezerano y’ubugure. [16] Uhagarariye Murenzi Théoneste avuga ko ibishingirwaho mu gusaba ko urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwasubirishwamo ingingo nshya, asanga ntacyo birebaho uwo ahagarariye, bityo ko ibindi babihariye Urukiko. [17] Mu mwanzuro wa Nyirinkindi JMV na Nkurunziza Emmanuel bavuga ko basanga uru rubanza rudafite ishingiro kubibareba, kuko uretse kuba batemera icyiswe ikimenyetso gishya gishingirwaho mu gusubirishamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya, basanga n’ibivugwa muri icyo kimenyetso ntaho bihuriye n’umutungo baguze. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Ingingo ya 170, igika cya mbere, agace ka gatatu, y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: “Urubanza rushobora gusubirwamo ingingo nshya iyo, kuva aho urubanza ruciriwe, habonetse ikimenyetso gishya kimara impaka kigaragaza neza akarengane katewe n’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo.”

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[19] Mu gika cya kabiri cy’ingingo imaze kuvugwa harugu, isobanura ko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso umuburanyi atashoboraga kumenya ko cyaba gihari, akakibona nyuma cyangwa akaba atarabashaga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga. Mu gika cya gatatu ikavuga ko ikimenyetso n’iyo ari gishya gihabwa agaciro gusa iyo gishobora kuvuguruza ibyari byashingiweho mu ica ry’urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. [20] Mu rubanza RS/REV/RCOM00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, haburana Shema Charles na I & M Bank Rwanda Plc, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ibimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki byumvikanisha neza ko, uburanisha ikimenyetso gishya, agomba kugaragariza Urukiko ko atigeze amenya ko gihari, cyangwa ko yari azi ko gihari ariko akaba atarashoboraga kukigeraho igihe yaburanaga1. [21] Mu rubanza RS/REV/CIV 0002/12/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2019, haburana Mulindahabi Fidèle na ATRACO, urwo Rukiko rwagarutse ku gisobanuro cy’ikimenyetso gishya, rugaragaza ko ikimenyetso umuburanyi yarasanzwe afite cyangwa azi ariko ntagikoreshe, urubanza rwamara gucibwa akagishyira mu nyandiko, iyo nyandiko idashobora gukoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso cyabonetse nyuma y’icyibwa ry’urubanza gishobora gutuma rusubirwamo. Rwasobanuye kandi ko ikimenyetso gishya kigomba kuba ari kamarampaka; ni ukuvuga ko cyashoboraga gutuma umucamanza afata icyemezo gitandukanye n’icyo yafashe.2 [22] Nk’uko byagaragajwe haruguru ibimenyetso bishya Ngoga Placide ashingiraho asubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwanditse bwa Rucibigango Robert n’ubwa Karamba Jean Claude bwo ku wa 11/09/2021, aho basobanuye ko ibivugwa mu rubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ko umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko munsi ya Hôtel le Printemps wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul ukagurwa na Rucibigango Robert atari byo, ko ahubwo uwo mutungo wagurishijwe na Ngoboka Jean awugura na Karangwa Charles mu mwaka wa 1997. [23] Urukiko rurasanga ubuhamya bwa Rucibigango Robert n’ubwa Karamba Jean Claude bwashyizwe mu nyandiko ku wa 11/09/2021 atari ikimenyetso gishya, kivugwa n’itegeko kuko ikimenyetso gishya ari ikimenyetso kitashoboraga kuboneka igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga ariko cyari ngombwa muri urwo rubanza. Kuba rero Ngoga Placide yaragishatse nyuma y’icibwa ry’urubanza, nyamara n’igihe urubanza rwaburanishwaga cyarashoboraga kuboneka kuko atavuga ko abo batangabuhamya batashoboraga kuboneka, cyangwa ngo agaragarize Urukiko ko bitashobokaga ko amenya ko abo batangabuhamya bahari mu gihe yaburanaga urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA; kuba rero yarashoboraga kwifashisha abo batangabuhamya, ariko akaba atarabikoze, ntabwo ubuhamya atanze nyuma y’aho urubanza rubereye itegeko bushobora gukoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso cyatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya. Ibi ni nako byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RS/REV/CIV0001/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, haburana Nyamaswa Ephron na Mukamusoni Astérie, aho urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko ikimenyetso cyashoboraga kwifashishwa urubanza rutaraba itegeko kidashobora gukoreshwa 1 Reba igika cya 21 cy’urubanza No RS/REV/RCOM 00001/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga ku wa 24/07/2020, SHEMA Charles hamwe na BASHANGIRE Grace baburanamo na I & M BANK RWANDA Plc. 2 Reba igika cya 29 cy’urubanza No RS/REV/RIV 0002/12/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 18/01/2019, haburana MULINDAHABI Fidèle na ATRACO.

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nk’ikimenyetso cyatuma urubanza rusubirishwamo ingingo nshya, ko umuburanyi uzi ko hari inyandiko cyangwa ikindi kimenyetso cyamufasha mu rubanza, agomba kwihutira kukigeza ku rukiko nta kuzuyaza, ko iyo atabyitayeho urubanza rukagera aho rusozwa, ari we wirengera amakosa ye.3 [24] Urukiko rurasanga uretse kuba Ngoga Placide yarashoboraga gutanga ubwo buhamya bwanditse mu rubanza rusabirwa gusubirwamo mu gihe rwaburanishwaga, ariko n’ubuhamya ubwabwo atanga nk’ikimenyetso gishya ntabwo ari ikimenyetso kimara impaka kigaragaza nta shiti ko umutungo uherereye mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu, Umurenge wa Kimironko munsi ya Hôtel le Printemps wagurishijwe na Ngoboka Jean akawugura na Karangwa Charles, kuko ubwo buhamya atari amasezerano y’ubugure yabaye hagati ya Karangwa Charles na Ngoboka Jean; kubivuga gusa rero ntabwo bihagije ngo bufatwe ko ari ukuri, cyane cyane ko Umuteteri Germaine we yaburanye avuga ko uwo mutungo wagurishijwe na Ngoga Jean Paul. [25] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cyatanzwe na NGOGA Placide cyo gusubirashamo urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA ingingo nshya kitagomba kwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe kuko kitujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko ; bityo urubanza rusabirwa gusubirishwamo ingingo nshya rugumyeho. 2. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [26] Uhagarariye Bapfakurera Robert ashingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N⁰ 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Ngoga Placide guha Bapfakurera Robert 3.500.000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kubera kumushora mu manza ku maherere kandi ataragombaga kuzizamo, bigatuma ashaka Avoka wo kumukurikiranira urubanza no kumuburanira, kandi azi neza ko ibyo ashingiraho asubirishamo urubanza ntaho ahuriye na byo. [27] Uhagarariye Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric ashingiye ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, asaba Urukiko gutegeka Ngoga ⁰ Placide guha abo ahagarariye 2.000.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [28] Uhagarariye Murenzi Théoneste asaba Urukiko gutegeka Ngoga Placide guha Murenzi 2.500.000Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [29] Mu mwanzuro ya Nyirinkindi Jean Marie Vianney na Nkurunziza Emmanuel bavuga ko Urukiko rukwiye gutegeka abarega guha buri wese muri bo 1.500.000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka. [30] Uhagarariye Mukangoga Marie Louise na Mugiramana Rosine avuga ko amafaranga basabye mu myanzuro yabo ari ajyanye n’igihe urubanza rwajya mu mu mizi, naho kubijyanye n’iyakirwa ry’ingingo nshya ntacyo basaba. 3 Reba igika cya 22 cy’urubanza Nº RS/REV/CIV 0001/15/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, haburana NYAMASWA Ephron na MUKAMUSONI Astérie.

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[31] Ngoga Placide n’umwunganira bavuga ko Ngoga Placide nta mafaranga akwiye gucibwa kuko yatanze ikirego ashingiye ku mategeko kandi asaba kurenganurwa, ko Urukiko rusanze hari agomba gutangwa, rwabagenera amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka asazwe atangwa ahwanye na 500.000Frw. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [33] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Bapfakurera Robert, Murenzi Théoneste, Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric basaba bakwiye kuyahabwa, kuko byabaye ngombwa ko bashaka Avoka wo kubaburanira, ariko rusanga ayo basaba ari menshi harebwe ibyakozwe ku rubanza; bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo rukaba rugeneye Bapfakurera Robert 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, rugeneye Murenzi Théoneste 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. Rugeneye Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric bose hamwe 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, akaba agomba gutangwa na NGOGA Placide. [34] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Nyirinkindi JMV na Nkurunziza Emmanuel basaba batagomba kuyahabwa kuko batitabiriye iburanisha, akaba ari nta na Avoka wababuraniye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ingingo nshya cyatanzwe na Ngoga Placide kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe, kuko cyatanzwe mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [36] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RCAA00029/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/07/2021, igumyeho. [37] Rutegetse Ngoga Placide kwishyura Bapfakurera Robert na Murenzi Théoneste buri wese 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, no kwishyura Umuteteri Germaine, Utarutwa Francine, Hitiyise Jean-Luc, Tuyisenge Irenée, Mukamazimpaka Joselyne, Niyonsenga Alice na Mugiraneza Eric bose hamwe 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [38] Ruvuze ko ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe ihwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.