NIBAGWIRE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PLC

# NIBAGWIRE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PLC

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-12-07 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIBAGWIRE N’ABANDI v SANLAM AG PLC, [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA (Kanyange, P.J., Kamere na Munyangeri J.) 15 Nyakanga 2022] Itegeko rigenga Amasezerano – Ubwumvikane – ubwumvikane mu rubanza – Ubwumvikane mu rubanza niyo rwaba rugeze ku rwego rwo gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bufite agaciro k’amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiye abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera bavugabatazimana wahitanywe n’impanuka, barimo umugore we Nibagwire, abana be Niyomuhoza, Tumukunde na Umuhoracyeye ndetse na nyina ku giti cye witwa Mwumvaneza barega CORAR AG Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye nyuma yuko bayisabye indishyi zikomoka kuri urwo rupfu ariko ngo ntizibahe.Urukiko Rwisumbuye, mu rubanza RC0044/14/TGI/HYE - RC 0043/14/TGI/HYE rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nibagwire uhagarariye abana nicya Mwumvaneza gifite ishingiro, rubagenera indishyi zitadukanye. Nibagwire n’abo ahagarariye mu rubanza ndetse na Mwumvaneza ntibishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, bayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, bavuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwirengagije ko Tumukunde N’umuhoracyeye nk’abana ba nyakwigendera bagombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, banenga kuba ko mu kugena indishyi Urukiko rwafatiye kuri 2.500Frw ku munsi nk’igihembo cy’umubyizi kandi nyakwigendera yari afite umushahara uzwi, no kuba Urukiko rwaragennye agaciro ka moto ntacyo rushingiyeho. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko, rwameje mu rubanza RCA0131/14/HC/NYA, ko ibivugwa na Nibagwire na Mwumvaneza ko indishyi basabye zabazwe nabi n’Urukiko rwabanje, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukiko rwabahaye ibyo basabye. Rwemeje kandi ko bitashobokaga ko indishyi zibarwa zishingiye ku 10.000Frw ku munsi mu gihe nta kigaragaza ko Bavugabatazimana yinjizaga iteka ayo mafaranga, ku buryo yafatwa nk’ufite umushahara uzwi. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje kandi ikibazo cy’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Nibagwire na Mwumvaneza basabiye abana ba nyakwigendera kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. Bityo Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RC0043-044/14/TGI/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye idahindutse. Nibagwire yatanze ikirego gikosoza urubanza RCA0131/14/HC/NYA rwaciwe ku, agaragaza ko nimero y’urubanza rw’ubujurire itanditswe ku ncarubanza, asaba ko yakwandikwaho. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC0003/2017/HC/NYZ ko ikirego cya Nibagwire gisaba gukosoza urubanza gifite ishingiro, ko nimero y’urubanza rwa Nibagwire Mwumvaneza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ari RCA0131/14/HC/NYA. Nyuma y’ikosorwa ry’urubanza, Nibagwire yatakambiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi, asaba ko urubanza RCA00131/14/HC/NYA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane.

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Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ashingiye ku ibaruwa yandikiwe n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi isaba ko urubanza RCA0131/14/HC/NYA rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugirango ruzaruburanishe. Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurwandika kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA. Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 01/06/2022, abarega bose bahagarariwe na Me Ntazika naho uregwa ahagarariwe na Me Nzabihimana afatanyije na Me Buzayire bumvikanye n’Urukiko ko iburanisha risubikwa, impaka bafitanye bakabanza kugerageza kuzikemura mu bwumvikane, umwanzuro bagezeho bakazawumenyesha Urukiko. Nyuma yaho ababuranyi bamenyesheje Urukiko ko babashije kugera ku bwumvikane bwasoje impaka zose bari bafitanye aho bumvikanye ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha abarega bose bahagarariwe na Me Ntazika amafaranga y’indishyi zibumbiye hamwe yose angana na miliyoni cumi n’imwe (11.000.000Frw). Urukiko rwahuje ubwumvikane bwashimangiwe n’ababuranyi mu iburanisha n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ubwumvikane mu rubanza niyo rwaba rugeze ku rwego rwo gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, bufite agaciro k’amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. bityo, bugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’ababuranyi bose babugiranye. Ubwumvikane busoje burundu urubanza. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, Ingingo ya 9 Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, Ingingoya 64 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 03/04/2014, Bavugabatazimana Jean Pierre wari utwaye moto ifite plaque RB 509N yapfuye agonzwe n’imdoka yari ifite plaque RAB 341F yari itwawe na Ndinda Vincent. Raporo y’ubugenzacyaha yagaragaje ko icyateye iyo mpanuka ari uko iyo modoka yataye umukono wayo. Abagize umuryango wa nyakwigendera Bavugabatazimana Jean Pierre barimo umugore we Nibagwire Béatrice, abana be Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine na Umuhoracyeye Divine ndetse na nyina Mwumvaneza Marie basabye ikigo cy’ubwishingizi CORAR AG Ltd kubaha indishyi zikomoka kuri urwo rupfu ariko ntibyakorwa, bituma Nibagwire Béatrice n’abana bavuzwe haruguru ahagarariye baregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, ikirego cyabo cyandikwa

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kuri n°RC 0044/14/TGI/HYE, Mwumvaneza Marie nawe atanga ikirego nk’icyo cyandikwa kuri RC 0043/14/TGI/HYE, bose basaba indishyi zitandukanye zose hamwe zingana na 48.573.440Frw. Urukiko rwahuje izo manza zombi ziburanishirizwa hamwe. [2] Ku wa 11/08/2014, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye rwakijije urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Nibagwire Béatrice, Mwumvaneza Marie, abana Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine N’umuhoracyeye Divine bahagarariwe n’umubyeyi wabo Nibagwire Béatrice gifite ishingiro, rugenera Mwumvaneza Marie indishyi mbangamiramuco zingana na 675.000Frw, Nibagwire Béatrice rumugenera izingana na 900.000Frw, abana Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine N’umuhoracyeye Divine bahagarariwe na nyina Nibagwire Béatrice rubagenera 675.000Frw kuri buri mwana, runemeza ko bagomba gusubizwa 2.501.218Frw na 700.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka, no gusubizwa ingwate y’igarama yatanzwe barega ihwanye na 50.000Frw. [3] Nibagwire Béatrice n’abo ahagarariye mu rubanza ndetse na Mwumvaneza Marie ntibishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, bayijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ubujurire bwabo bwandikwa kuri RCA0131/14/HC/NYA, bavuga ko Urukiko rwirengagije ko Tumukunde Kévine N’umuhoracyeye Divine nk’abana ba nyakwigendera bagombaga guhabwa indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu, banenga kuba mu kugena indishyi Urukiko rwarafatiye kuri 2.500 Frw ku munsi nk’igihembo cy’umubyizi kandi nyakwigendera yari afite umushahara uzwi, no kuba Urukiko rwaragennye agaciro ka moto ntacyo rushingiyeho. [4] Mbere yo gusuzuma mu mizi impamvu z’ubujurire, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwasuzumye inzitizi yo kutakira ikirego kuri bamwe mu barega yazamuwe na CORAR AG Ltd, naho mu mizi rusuzuma ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye hari ibyo rwirengagije mu kugenera indishyi Nibagwire Béatrice n’abana be ahagarariye ndetse na Mwumvaneza Marie. [5] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwasanze ibivugwa na Nibagwire Béatrice na Mwumvaneza Marie ko indishyi basabye zabazwe nabi nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukiko rwabahaye ibyo basabye, bikaba bitarashobokaga ko indishyi zibarwa zishingiye ku 10.000Frw ku munsi mu gihe nta kigaragaza ko Bavugabatazimana Jean Pierre yinjizaga iteka ayo mafaranga ku munsi, ku buryo yafatwa nk’ufite umushahara uzwi, kuko ibyo basabye bikorwa ku muntu ufite umushahara uzwi, abantu badafite akazi kazwi bo bakabarirwa indishyi hashingiwe ku mubyizi ungana na 2.500Frw nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga igihe Itegeko rigenga umushahara muto fatizo (SMIG) ritaraboneka. [6] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwasanze indishyi mbonezamusaruro Nibagwire Beatrice na Mwumvaneza Marie bavuga ko batahawe nta shingiro zifite kuko zitateganyijwe n’Iteka rya Perezida n°31/01 ryo ku wa 25/08/2003 rishyiraho uburyo bwo kwishyura indishyi ku bubabare bw’umubiri buturutse ku mpanuka zitewe n’ibinyabiziga. Rwasanze kandi agaciro ka moto Nibagwire Béatrice yatanze ari agaciro ka moto nshyashya, mu gihe moto yasabirwaga indishyi yari imaze igihe ikora, ibyo bikaba bitabuza Urukiko kugena ako gaciro mu bushishozi. [7] Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwanasanze ikibazo cy’indishyi z’ibangamirabukungu Nibagwire Beatrice na Mwumvaneza Marie basabiye abana ba

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nyakwigendera ari bo Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine N’umuhoracyeye Divine kitakwakirwa ngo gisuzumwe. [8] Ku wa 20/11/2014, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwakijije urubanza RCA131/14/HC/NYA, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RC0043-0044/14/TGI/HYE rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye ku wa 11/08/2014 idahindutse, ko amagarama y’urubanza angana na 75.000Frw Nibagwire Béatrice yatanzeho ingwate ajurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza byose. [9] Nibagwire Béatrice yatanze ikirego gikosoza urubanza RCA0131/14/HC/NYA rwaciwe ku wa 20/11/2014, agaragaza ko nimero y’urubanza rw’ubujurire itanditswe ku ncarubanza, asaba ko yakwandikwaho. Icyo kirego kikaba cyaranditswe kuri RS/RECT/RC 00003/2017/HC/NYZ. [10] Ku wa 08/03/2018, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Nibagwire Béatrice gisaba gukosora urubanza gifite ishingiro, ko nimero y’urubanza rwa Nibagwire Béatrice na Mwumvaneza Marie baburanye mu bujurire rugacibwa n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 20/11/2014 ari RCA0131/14/HC/NYA kandi ko iyo nimero igaragara kuri buri rupapuro; rutegeka ko amakosa yakozwe ahabaye kwibeshya ku rubanza ntiruhabwe nimero hakosowe ikandikwaho. [11] Nyuma y’ikosorwa ry’urubanza, Nibagwire Beatrice yatakambiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi, asaba ko urubanza RCA00131/14/HC/NYA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 08/03/2018 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [12] Ku wa 03/03/2021, mu cyemezo cye n°117/CJ/2021 Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, ashingiye ku ibaruwa yandikiwe n’Urwego rw’Umuvunyi isaba ko urubanza RCA0131/14/HC/NYA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza kuwa 08/03/2018 rwa Nibagwire Beatrice, abana ahagararariye na Mwumvaneza Marie rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze arwohereza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire kugirango ruzaburanishwe. Urukiko rw’ubujurire rurwandika kuri RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA, rukorerwa inama ntegurarubanza ndetse ruhabwa itariki y’iburanisha. [13] Mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 01/06/2022, abarega bose bahagarariwe na Me Ntazika Néhemie naho uregwa ahagarariwe na Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude afatanyije na Me Buzayire Angèle bumvikanye n’Urukiko ko iburanisha risubikwa, impaka bafitanye bakabanza kugerageza kuzikemura mu bwumvikane, umwanzuro bagezeho bakazawumenyesha Urukiko mu iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 06/07/2022. [14] Ku wa 06/07/2022 ababuranyi bose baritabye bahagarariwe nka mbere, bamenyesha Urukiko ko babashije kugera ku bwumvikane bwasoje impaka zose bari bafitanye mu Rukiko aho bumvikanye ko SANLAM AG Plc igomba guha abarega bose bahagarariwe na Me Ntazika Néhemie amafaranga y’indishyi zibumbiye hamwe yose angana na miliyoni cumi n’imwe (11.000.000Frw).

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[15] Urukiko rukaba ubu nta kindi rusigaje gusuzuma ku cyaburanwagaho uretse gusa guhuza ubwumvikane bwashimangiwe n’ababuranyi mu iburanisha n’ibiteganywa n’amategeko kugira ngo uru rubanza rusozwe mu bitabo by’Urukiko kandi rusomerwe mu ruhame ku itariki ya 15/07/2022 ababuranyi bose bamenyeshejwe. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya agaciro k’ubwumvikane bwagezweho n’ababuranyi bose [16] Ku birebana n’inshingano z’umucamanza, ingingo ya 9, igika cya gatatu, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: "Umucamanza ashobora gushishikariza ababuranyi gukoresha ubwunzi iyo abona ko ari bwo buryo buboneye mu kurangiza impaka. Ashobora kubunga ubwe cyangwa akabohereza mu bwunzi, agasubika urubanza mu gihe ubwunzi burimo gukorwa". [17] Ku birebana n’agaciro k’amasezerano, ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano, iteganya ibikurikira: “Amasezerano akozwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko aba itegeko ku bayagiranye”. [18] Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, muri uru rubanza Urukiko rwashishikarije ababuranyi bose bahagariwe na ba Avoka babo gukemura mu bwumvikane impaka bari bafitanye. Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibi bikurikije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 9, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yibukijwe haruguru. [19] Ku wa 06/07/2022, impande zose ziburana muri uru rubanza zashimangiriye imbere y’Urukiko ko zagiranye amasezerano y’ubwumvikane, aho SANLAM AG Plc yemeye kwishyura Nibagwire Béatrice, abana Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine na Umuhoracyeye Divine bahagarariwe na nyina Nibagwire Béatrice ndetse na Mwumvaneza Marie amafaranga mbumbe y’indishyi zingana na miliyoni cumi n’imwe (11.000.000Frw) maze abarega nabo bakemera ko hasojwe burundu impaka zose zari ziri hagati y’impande zombi muri uru rubanza . Urukiko rukaba rusanga ubu bwumvikane bufite agaciro k’amasezerano akozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’Itegeko Nº 45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano yibukijwe haruguru, bukaba bugomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’ababuranyi babugiranye. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru rurasanga impaka zose ababuranyi bari bafitanye zarakemutse mu bwumvikane, urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA bari bafitanye rukaba rukwiye gusozwa hagakurikizwa ubwumvikane bagiranye mu iburanisha imbere y’Urukiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubwumvikane mu iburanisha ryo ku wa 06/07/2022 hagati y’abarega aribo Nibagwire Béatrice, abana Niyomuhoza Arlène, Tumukunde Kévine na Umuhoracyeye Divine

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bahagarariwe na nyina Nibagwire Béatrice ndetse na Mwumvaneza Marie, n’uregwa ari we SANLAM AG Plc, busoje burundu urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00012/2021/CA, SANLAM AG Plc ikaba igomba kwishyurira hamwe abarega bose bavuzwe haruguru amafaranga yose hamwe miliyoni cumi n’imwe (11.000.000Frw) nk’uko ababuranyi bose bayumvikanyeho; [22] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.