NIWEMUNGELI v BPR BANK RWANDA Plc

# NIWEMUNGELI v BPR BANK RWANDA Plc

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-03-24 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIWEMUNGELI v BPR BANK RWANDA Plc [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2021/CA – (Rukundakuvuga, J. P., Kamere na Munyangeri, J.) 24 Werurwe 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza zisabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Ibirego bishya mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane – Abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo bahamagajwe mu Rukiko ntacyo bashobora kuryozwa cyangwa ngo na bo bagire icyo basaba uretse igihe hari urusobekerane rw’ibiburanwa ku buryo abasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane badashobora kugira ibyo bemererwa cyangwa baryozwa bitagize ingaruka ku byemezo byari byarafatiwe abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Amategeko agenga imanza z’umurimo – Amasezerano y’umurimo – Iseswa ry’amasezerano – Kureshyeshya abakozi mu bijyanye n’uburambe mu kazi – Abakozi bahuje uburambe bagomba kubona uburenganzira bumwe – Iyo urukiko rwemeje ko umukozi yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agenerwa indishyi nk’iz’abandi bahuje uburambe mu kazi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niwemmungeli hamwe n’abandi bakozi bakoreraga BPR Banki Ltd bayirega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge bavuga ko iyi Banki yabirukanye mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, babisabira indishyi zinyuranye. Basobanura ko birukanwe hashingiwe ku igabanywa ry'abakozi ritewe n'impamvu z'ubukungu n'ikoranabuhanga nk’uko biri mu mabaruwa yabandikiye ibasezerera ariko ntakigaragaza ireme ry'impamvu zashingiweho n'amategeko akurikizwa mu igabanwa ry'abakozi muri rusange akaba atarubahirijwe. BPR Ltd/Atlas Mara Ltd mu kwiregura yasobanuye ko impamvu y’igabanywa ry’abakozi harimo n’abareze batashoboye gusigara mu bakozi ba BPR Ltd bitewe n’uko imikorere yayo yagombaga kuvugururwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu zikomeye kandi zumvikana zijyanye n’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga bitari byifashe neza, kandi hari abakozi benshi muri Banki bakoraga akazi gasa kandi bitari ngombwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwafashe icyemezo rwemeza ko Abarega birukanywe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko maze rutegeka Uregwa kubaha indishyi z’akababaro. Ibi byatumye BPR Bank Ltd ijuririra Urukiko Rukuru isaba gusuzuma niba gukoresha ikizamini mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abakozi BPR yakoze binyuranije n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009, no kumenya niba kuba umucamanza mu buryo budatomoye yemera ko ivugurura ryari rifite ireme, akarengaho akayica indishyi, hari ishingiro bifite. Ikindi ngo ni uko Urukiko rwabanje rwaciye urubanza ku bitaburanywe, ikaba inasaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. Urega n’abagenzi batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba indishyi zinyuranye n’igihembo cya Avoka. Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’uwajuriye bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe ndetse n’ubwuririrye ku bundi nabwo bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Niwemungeli yasabye ko urubanza rujuririrwa rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane arabyemererwa maze habanza gusuzumwa no gufata icyemezo ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba uru

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rubanza rwaburanishwa haburana gusa babiri barugaragaramo muri benshi bahoze mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Urukiko rwemeje ko impamvu zituma Niwemungeli asubirishamo urubanza zimureba wenyine, bityo zikaba nta ngaruka zishobora kugira ku byemezo bireba abandi bari kumwe na we mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ndetse n’Urukiko rukaba nta kindi rubakeneyeho, maze rwemeza ko atari na ngombwa ko bahamagazwa muri uru rubanza. Iburanisha ryarakomeje, habanza gusuzumwa ibyerekeye indishyi Niwemungeli agomba kubarirwa hashingiwe ku burambe bwe mu kazi, aho agaragaza ko, mu kumubarira indishyi, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwazikubye inshuro eshanu, rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza uburambe yari afite mu kazi, n’Urukiko Rukuru aho kubikosora rukabyemeza rutyo, kandi hari undi mukozi mugenzi we bahuriye muri urwo rubanza wagenewe indishyi zikubye inshuro icyenda hitawe ku burambe ku kazi bwe; ibyo akaba asanga binyuranye n’ihame ry’uko abantu bareshya imbere y’amategeko. Asaba uru Rukiko kumurenganura maze rukamubarira indishyi neza rushingiye ku burambe bw'igihe kirenga imyaka 30 yamaze akorera BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, maze rukamugenera ikinyuranyo cyazo atahawe. Mu bujurire bwayo, BPR Bank Rwanda Plc yiregura ivuga ko impamvu Urega ashingiraho asaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane idakwiye guhabwa agaciro hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakurikizwaga mu gihe yatangaga ikirego, aho iteganya ko iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro zidashobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9), bivuze ko umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9) ari maximum, akaba atari ihame ko yagombaga guhabwa maximum nk’uko abyifuza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo bahamagajwe mu Rukiko ntacyo bashobora kuryozwa cyangwa ngo na bo bagire icyo basaba uretse igihe hari urusobekerane rw’ibiburanwa ku buryo abasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane badashobora kugira ibyo bemererwa cyangwa baryozwa bitagize ingaruka ku byemezo byari byarafatiwe abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. 2. Abakozi bahuje uburambe bagomba kubona uburenganzira bumwe. Iyo urukiko rwemeje ko umukozi yirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, agenerwa indishyi nk’iz’abandi bahuje uburambe mu kazi. Bityo, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse na we wirukanwe na BPR Ltd mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko arengeje imyaka cumi ayikorera, mu kumugenera indishyi z’akababaro, agomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yari agezeho ugakubwa incuro icyenda kuko nta kimubuza kugira uburenganzira bumwe n’ubw’abandi bahuje ikibazo. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, gifite ishingiro. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015, ingingo ya 15. Itegeko No 30/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 63.

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Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 10 n’iya 111. Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ingingo ya 33 n’iya 34. Imanza zifashishijwe: Gahakwa Magara John et al n’Ubushinjacyaha, RS/INJUST/PEN00001/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/12/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Muzeyi Anicet, Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard, Tuyisenge Didace, Nyiraneza Chantal, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, Niwemmungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Theophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel bareze BPR Ltd mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kuri RSOC 00194-RSOC00196-RSOC 00205/2017/TGI/NYGE, bavuga ko iyi Banki yabirukanye mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, babisabira indishyi zinyuranye. Bakaba barasobanuye ko bakoreye Banki y'Abaturage y'u Rwanda icyo gihe yari yarahindutse BPR ATLASMARA, birukanwa mu buryo butunguranye ndetse bunyuranije n'amategeko, hashingiwe ku igabanywa ry'abakozi ritewe n'impamvu z'ubukungu n'ikoranabuhanga nk’uko biri mu mabaruwa yabandikiye ibasezerera, ngo usibye ko ntakigaragaza ireme ry'impamvu zashingiweho, n'amategeko akurikizwa mu igabanwa ry'abakozi muri rusange akaba atarubahirijwe ngo bigaragare ko bari mu bagombaga gusezererwa, kandi ko n’ibyo amategeko agenera abakozi batabihawe byose. [2] BPR Ltd/Atlas Mara Ltd mu kwiregura yasobanuye ko ku byerekeye impamvu y’igabanywa ry’abakozi muri BPR Ltd, abarimo abareze bavuzwe haruguru batashoboye gusigara mu bakozi ba BPR Ltd bitewe n’uko imikorere ya BPR Ltd yagombaga kuvugururwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu zikomeye kandi zumvikana zijyanye n’ubukungu n’ikoranabuhanga bitari byifashe neza, kandi hari abakozi benshi muri Banki bakoraga akazi gasa kandi bitari ngombwa. Ivuga ko umushinga wo kuvugurura ikigo wamenyeshejwe abakozi mu bihe binyuranye binyujijwe ku ntumwa z’abakozi ngo zibitangeho ibitekerezo, kandi ko wamenyeshejwe Umugenzuzi w’Umurimo nk’uko amategeko abiteganya. [3] BPR Ltd/Atlas Mara Ltd yasobanuye kandi ko mu rwego rwo gutegura urutonde rw’abakozi bazagabanywa, abazasigarana n’uburyo bazashyirwa mu myanya, yakoze urutonde rushya rw’imyanya y’imirimo, yerekana imyanya yari isanzweho izavanwaho, izabumbirwa hamwe ndetse n’izagumaho, maze isaba abakozi bose, ko buri wese ashingiye ku bisabwa kuri buri mwanya yakuzuza nibura form yiswe “How to guide-BPR refit process” igaragaza imyanya ibiri abona yujurije ibisabwa kurusha indi. Ivuga ko ibi byaje gukurikirwa no gukora isuzuma bushobozi ry’abakozi, basabwa kuzuza inyandiko igaragaza amashuri bize, amahugurwa bahawe, imirimo bagiye bakora ariko baza no guhabwa ikizamini cy’isuzumabushobozi (interview kuri bamwe

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n’ibizamini byanditse by’ikoranabuhanga ku bandi bitewe n’akazi bakoraga), kandi ko amanota buri mukozi yabonye muri iryo suzumabushobozi ari yo yashingiweho mu kugena abagenda n’abasigara kubera ko imyanya yasigaye ku rutonde rushya rw’imirimo muri BPR itashoboraga gukwira abakozi bose nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo y’isuzuma bushobozi. [4] Kuwa 15/03/2018, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko Muzeyi Anicet, Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard, Tuyisenge Didace, Nyiraneza Chantal, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Theophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel birukanywe mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, maze rutegeka BPR Ltd kubaha indishyi z’akababaro no kubasubiza 50.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama. Urwo rukiko rwafashe icyo cyemezo rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko BPR Ltd yashingiye ku kizamini yatanze kidafite aho gihuriye n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’ Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, kabone n’ubwo BPR yaba yari ifite ibibazo by’ubukungu cyangwa byo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, kandi ko umugenzuzi atabanje kumenyeshwa kuko yamenyeshejwe abaregwa bamaze kwirukanwa, bikaba nk’umuhango gusa. [5] BPR Ltd ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, iyijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, ubujurire bwayo buhabwa RSOCA 00092/2018/HC/KIG, irusaba gusuzuma niba gukoresha ikizamini mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abakozi BPR yakoze binyuranije n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko No 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009, no kumenya niba kuba umucamanza mu buryo budatomoye yemera ko ivugurura muri BPR ryari rifite ireme, akarengaho akayica indishyi, hari ishingiro bifite. BPR yavuze ko urukiko rubanza rwaciye urubanza ku bitaburanywe, inasaba indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’avoka. [6] Muzeyi Anicet nawe yarajuriye, ubujurire bwe buhabwa CMB RSOCA 00121/2018/HC/KIG, asaba ko ikinyuranyo cy’umusharaha we ubarwa ku mezi 56 aho kuba 36. Izo manza zahurijwe hamwe, ziburanishirizwa hamwe, ababaye ababuranyi bose mu rubanza rwajuririwe bahari. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rwasuzumye ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rubanza rwaraciye urubanza ku bitaraburanwe, gusuzuma niba gukoresha ikizami mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’abakozi BPR yakoze binyuranije n’ingingo ya 34 y’Itegeko Nº 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 no kumenya niba indishyi zatanzwe zikwiye. Rwanasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Tuyisenge agomba guhabwa amafaranga y’amasaha y’ikirenga, kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi z'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cy'Avocat, n’amagarama bisabwa na BPR Ltd, ishingiro ry’ubujurire bwatanzwe na Muzeyi Anicet asaba ikinyuranyo cy’umushahara, n’ibyerekeye ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Muzeyi Anicet, Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard, Tuyisenge Didace, Nyiraneza Chantal, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Théophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel basaba indishyi zinyuranye n’igihembo cya Avoka. [8] Kuwa 20/09/2018, Urukiko Rukuru rwakijije urwo rubanza, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na BPR Ltd bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, naho ubwatanzwe na Muzeyi Anicet nta shingiro bufite, kandi ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Muzeyi Anicet,

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Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard, Tuyisenge Didace, Nyiraneza Chantal, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Theophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel, bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Rwemeje kandi ko urubanza RSOC 00331/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00336/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00337/2017/TGI/NYGE ruhindutse kuri bimwe, ko amafaranga y’ikinyuranyo cy‘umushahara yakaswe angana na 3 623 688 Frw n’ikinyuranyo cy’imisanzu ya RSSB atatangiwe guhera mu kwa 3/2012 kugera mu kwa 11/2016 ibariwe ku mushahara ungana na 1 178 117 Frw byagenewe Muzeyi Anicet bivanweho, ko BPR Ltd igomba guha Muzeyi Anicet indishyi z’akababaro zihwanye na 1.077.459 Frw x 8 = 8.619.672 Frw, kandi ko imanza RSOC 00372/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00175/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00291/2017/TGI/NYGERSOC, RSOC 00293/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00200/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00194/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00182/2017/TGI/NYGE, RSOC 00353/2017/TGI/NYGE zaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zidahindutse, usibye ku bijyanye n’isesengura ry’urubanza ku byerekeranye n’impamvu yo kwirukana nyiraneza Chantal, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, n’imisoro ya TPR. [9] Urukiko Rukuru rwategetse BPR Ltd/Atlas Mara Ltd guha Muzeyi Anicet, Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard na Tuyisenge Didace indishyi z’akababaro zitakuyemo imisoro ya TPR, guha Muzeyi Anicet, Hategekimana Daniel, Nshimiyimana Bernard, Tuyisenge Didace, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Theophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka mu bujurire angana na 350.000 Frw, rutegeka kandi ko amafaranga 150.000 Frw y’ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na BPR Ltd na Muzeyi Anicet barega ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza. [10] Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, asaba ko urubanza RSOCA 00093/2018/HC/KIG rwahujwe n’imanza RSOCA 00092/2018/HC/KIG; RSOCA 00105/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00106/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00099/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00118/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00121/2018/HC/KIG rwasuburishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusesengura icyo kibazo, kuwa 28/09/2021, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire akandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, amusaba kwemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamavu z’akarengane, mu cyemezo cye nimero 230/CJ/2021, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeje ko urwo rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, maze arwoherereza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugira ngo abe ari rwo ruzaruburanisha. [11] Ku wa 08/11/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwanditse urwo rubanza kuri RS/INJUST/RSOC 00003/2021/CA, iburanisha ryarwo rishyirwa ku wa 08/03/2023, ruburanishwa Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse ahagarariwe na Me Intwazayamugabo Armand, naho BPR Bank Rwanda Plc ihagarariwe na Me Mubangizi Frank. [12] Mu iburanisha, habanje gusuzumwa no gufata icyemezo ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba uru rubanza rwaburanishwa haburana gusa babiri barugaragaramo muri benshi bahoze mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Mu gukemura izo mpaka, uru Rukiko rwifashishije umurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi No RS/INJUST/PEN00001/2020/SC, rwaciwe kuwa 23/12/2022 haburana Gahakwa Magara John et al n’Ubushinjacyaha, aho urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 63 y’Itegeko No

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30/2018 ryo kuwa 29/04/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko rwasobanuye ko abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo bahamagajwe mu Rukiko ntacyo bashobora kuryozwa cyangwa ngo na bo bagire icyo basaba uretse igihe hari urusobekerane rw’ibiburanwa ku buryo abasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane badashobora kugira ibyo bemererwa cyangwa baryozwa bitagize ingaruka ku byemezo byari byarafatiwe abatarasabye ko urubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane1. Muri urwo rwego, uru Rukiko rwasanze impamvu zituma Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse asubirishamo urubanza zimureba wenyine, bityo zikaba nta ngaruka zishobora kugira ku byemezo bireba abandi bari kumwe na we mu rubanza rusubirishwamo ndetse n’Urukiko rukaba nta kindi rubakeneyeho, maze rwemeza ko atari na ngombwa ko bahamagazwa muri uru rubanza. [13] Iburanisha ryahise rikomereza ku ngingo zirebana n’imizi y’ikiburanwa, Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse asobanura impamvu zituma asubirishamo urubanza RSOCA 00093/2018/HC/KIG rwahujwe n’imanza RSOCA 00092/2018/HC/KIG; RSOCA 00105/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00106/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00099/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00118/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00121/2018/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Muri rusange yasobanuye ko Urukiko mu kumugenera indishyi rutitaye ku burambe yari afite mu kazi burenga imyaka mirongo itatu (30 ans) rumuha izingana n’inshuro eshanu z’umushahara we gusa hirengagijwe ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza ubwo burambe, kandi hari undi mukozi mugenzi we bahuriye muri urwo rubanza wagenewe indishyi zikubye inshuro icyenda hitawe ku burambe ku kazi bwe. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzazibara neza. Asaba kandi indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [14] Uhagarariye BPR Ltd we avuga ko Niyomungeli yabariwe indishyi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko kuko yazibariwe ku gihe cy’amezi 5, ibyo akaba atabibonamO ikibazo kuko icyo itegeko ribuza ari ukutarenza amezi icyenda, naho ku bireba igipimo cyo hasi rikaba ribuza kujya mu nsi y’amezi atatu. [15] Hashingiwe ku bivugwa n’impande zombi, Urukiko rusanga hagomba gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: - Ibyerekeye indishyi Niwemungeli Marie Therese agomba kubarirwa hashingiwe ku burambe bwe mu kazi. - Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Ibyerekeye indishyi Niwemungeli Marie Therese agomba kubarirwa hashingiwe ku burambe bwe mu kazi [16] Me Intwazayamugabo Armand, uhagarariye Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, avuga ko Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yakoreye BPR Bank Rwanda Plc kuva ku wa 1/4/1986 agasezererwa mu mwaka wa 2016, hanyuma Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge mu kumubarira indishyi 1 Reba ibyavuzwe mu gika cy 37 na 38 by’urwo rubanza.

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rukazikuba inshuro eshanu, rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza uburambe yari afite mu kazi, n’Urukiko Rukuru aho kubikosora rukabyemeza rutyo, kandi hari undi mukozi mugenzi we bahuriye muri urwo rubanza witwa Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles wagenewe indishyi zikubye inshuro icyenda hitawe ku burambe ku kazi bwe; ibyo akaba asanga binyuranye n’ihame ry’uko abantu bareshya imbere y’amategeko. Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gukosora uburyo yabariwemo indishyi maze rukamurenganura, rukazibara neza rushingiye ku burambe bw'igihe kirenga imyaka 30 yamaze akorera BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, maze rukamugenera ikinyuranyo cyazo atahawe zibaze muri ubu buryo: 644.509 Frw X 9 mois = 5.800.581 Frw, yagombaga guhabwa, akaba yarahawe 3.222.545 Frw; akaba asaba uru Rukiko kumuhesha ikinyuranyo kingana na 5.800.581 – 3.222.545 = 2.578.236 Frw. [17] Me Mubangizi Frank, uhagarariye BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, yiregura avuga ko impamvu Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yashingiyeho asaba gusubirishamo urubanza RSOCA 00092/2018/HC/KIG CMB RSOCA 00093/2018/HC/KIG CMB RSOCA 00105/2018/HC/KIG- CMB RSOCA 00106/2018/HC/KIG-CMB RSOCA 00099/2018/HC/KIG-CMB RSOCA 00118/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00121/2018/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane idakwiye guhabwa agaciro, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo kuwa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda, ryakurikizwaga mu gihe yatangaga ikirego, iteganya ko, iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi ntibibuza itangwa ry’ imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. Iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro ntizishobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9). Ibi kandi ni ko bigenda ku bakozi bari intumwa z’abakozi n’abahagarariye sendika. [18] Asobanura ko kuba iyi ngingo ivuga ko iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro zidashobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9), bivuze ko umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9) ari maximum, akaba atari ihame ko Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yagombaga guhabwa maximum nk’uko abyifuza. Avuga ko indishyi Urukiko rwamugeneye zihwanye n’umushahara w’amezi atanu (5) zikurikije amategeko, ko cyari kuba ikibazo iyo rumuha indishyi ziri munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3), kuko ari yo minimum, kuko Itegeko ryahaga ububasha umucamanza bwo kuba yamugenera indishyi ziri hagati y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3) kugeza ku mezi icyenda (9), kandi ko ari ko yabigenje. Bityo ko hashingiwe kuri ibi bisobanuro akaba asanga iyi mpamvu ye yo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro ifite. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [19] Ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko N° 13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda ryakurikizwaga mu gihe Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yirukanwaga ku kazi mu mwaka wa 2016, yateganyaga ibi bikurikira: iseswa ryose ry’amasezerano y’akazi rinyuranyije n’amategeko rishobora gutuma hatangwa indishyi z'akababaro. Indishyi z’akababaro zihabwa umukozi wirukanwe binyuranije n’amategeko ntizishobora kujya munsi y’umushahara w’amezi atatu (3),

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ariko kandi ntizishobora kurenza amezi atandatu (6). Ibi ntibibuza itangwa ry’ imperekeza umukozi yari asanzwe afiteho uburenganzira. Iyo umukozi afite uburambe ku kazi burenze imyaka icumi (10) ku mukoresha umwe, indishyi z’akababaro ntizishobora kurenga umushahara w’amezi icyenda (9). Ibi kandi ni ko bigenda ku bakozi bari intumwa z’abakozi n’abahagarariye sendika. [20] Ingingo ya 15 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo mu 2003 ryavuguruwe mu 2015 iteganya ibikurikira: abantu bose barareshya imbere y’amategeko. Itegeko ribarengera ku buryo bumwe. [21] Izi ngingo zombi zisomewe hamwe, zumvikanisha ko abakozi bahuje uburambe bagomba kubona uburenganzira bumwe. [22] Ikibazo Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse afitanye na BPR Bank Rwanda Plc muri uru rubanza gishingiye ku kuba mu kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro kubera kwirukanwa ku kazi mu buryo budakurije amategeko Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse atarafashwe kimwe n’abandi nk’uwitwa Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles bari bahuriye mu rubanza rumwe kandi banahuje kugira uburambe mu kazi burengeje imyaka icumi, bakabarirwa indishyi nyinshi ku gipimo cyo hejuru gishoboka cyemewe n’itegeko, mu gihe we yabariwe indishyi nkeya kandi Urukiko rukaba rutaragaragaje ibisobanuro by’impamvu z’iryo tandukaniro. [23] Mu gushaka kugereranya indishyi z’akababaro zagenewe abandi bari bafite uburambe mu kazi buri munsi y’imyaka icumi n’abari bafite uburengeje iyo myaka, Urukiko rufatiye ku rugero rw’uwitwa Nyiraneza Chantal wari ufite uburambe butagera ku myaka 10 no k’urw’uwitwa Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles wari uyirengeje, rusanga dosiye y’urubanza RSOC 00194-RSOC 00196-RSOC 00205/2017/TGI/NYGE mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge igaragaza ko Nyiraneza Chantal yasabaga indishyi z’akababaro zo kwirukanirwa ubusa, ku mpamvu zo kubura akazi (loss of income), gutesha agaciro amashuri yize n’uburambe ku kazi bw’imyaka 6.37 akorera Banque Populaire du Rwanda ndetse na performance appraisal y`amanota ari hejuru ya 80 % yahabwaga n`umuyobozi we mu kazi yakoraga, agasaba ko zibarwa hakurikijwe ubu buryo: (285.531 * 12) *5= 17.131.860/2 = 8.565.930 Frw. Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles we yasabye indishyi z’akababaro zo kwirukanirwa ubusa, ku mpamvu zo kubura akazi (loss of income), gutesha agaciro amashuri yize n’uburambe ku kazi bw’imyaka 11.5 akorera Banque Populaire du Rwanda ndetse na performance appraisal y`amanota ari hejuru ya 68% yahabwaga n`umuyobozi we mu kazi yakoraga, agasaba ko zibarwa hakurikijwe ubu buryo: = (1.224.511* 12) *5= 73.470.660/2 = 36.735.330 Frw; naho Niwemungeri Marie Thérèse we agasaba indishyi z’akababaro zo kwirukanirwa ubusa, ku mpamvu zo kubura akazi (loss of income), gutesha agaciro amashuri yize n’uburambe ku kazi bw’imyaka 30.67 akorera Banque Populaire du Rwanda ndetse na performance appraisal y’amanota ari hejuru ya 74 % yahabwaga n’umuyobozi we mu kazi, agasaba ko zibarwa hakurikijwe ubu buryo: (927.890* 12) *5= 55.673.400/2 = 27.836.700 Frw. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu kugenera indishyi ababuranyi bagereranyijwe haruguru, ku wa 15/03/2018, urwo Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwarafashe icyemezo rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 33 y’Itegeko N°13/2009 ryo ku wa 27/05/2009 rigenga umurimo yavuzwe hejuru ndetse no ku gihe cy’uburambe buri wese mu barega yari amaze akorera uregwa, rusanga BPR Ltd igomba guha Nyiraneza Chantal indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’incuro eshanu

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z’umushahara we yahembwaga ku kwezi w’ibihumbi, ni ukuvuga 256.020 Frw x 5 =1.280.100 Frw, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’inshuro icyenda z’umushahara we, ni ukuvuga 1.038.933 Frw x 9= 9.350.397 Frw, naho Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse agenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’incuro eshanu z’umushahara we, ni ukuvuga 644.509 Frw x 5 = 3.222.545 Frw. Nta bindi bisobanuro Urukiko rwigeze rutanga ku itandukaniro ry’umubare w’incuro umushahara wakubwe kuri aba bose. Icyo cyemezo ni cyo Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse yatanzeho ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwa BPR Ltd mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba ko indishyi yagenwe zakongerwa, ariko ntibwahabwa ishingiro. [25] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuri iyo ngingo isaba kongererwa indishyi z’akababaro Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse n’abo bareganwaga Urukiko Rukuru rwarerekanye ko yatanzwe mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi2, maze mu gusuzuma ikibazo cyerekeranye n’indishyi z’akababaro mu bika bya 47, 49, rusanga mu gutanga izo ndishyi hagomba gushingirwa ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo yakunze kugarukwaho, ariko rugarukira gusa ku kibazo cy’uko izo ndishyi zigomba gutangwa ariko nta musoro wa TPR ugomba gukurwaho kuko ari ndishyi zitanzwe atari umushahara, ntirwasuzuma ishingiro ry’uko zigomba kongerwa, maze ruhita rwanzura ko indishyi bahawe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge zigomba kugumaho. [26] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu by’ukuri ikibazo cya Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse cyerekeranye n’uko yakongererwa indishyi z’akababaro hakubwa umushahara we inshuro 9 nk’uko byari byakorewe Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles bari bahuje ikibazo, bombi barengeje imyaka icumi ari abakozi ba BPR Ltd, Urukiko Rukuru rutaragisuzumye, hirengagijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi3 bityo icyo kibazo cye kikaba kigomba gusuzumwa n’Uru Rukiko. [27] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gihe, ku ruhande rumwe, Nsanzabandi Rushemeza Charles wirukanwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko yarahawe indishyi z’akababaro hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 33 y’Itegeko rigenga umurimo n’igihe buri wese mu barega yari amaze ayikorera, kuko yari arengeje imyaka icumi ayikorera, akagenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zibariwe ku mushahara yari agezeho wa 1.038.933 Frw ukubwe incuro icyenda nk’uko byemewe n’iyo ngingo, nta mpamvu ihari yatuma Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse na we wirukanwe na BPR Ltd mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko arengeje imyaka cumi ayikorera, mu kumugenera indishyi z’akababaro, zitagomba kubarirwa ku mushahara yari agezeho ungana na 644.509 Frw ugakubwa incuro icyenda kuko nta kimubuza kugira uburenganzira bumwe n’ubw’abandi bahuje ikibazo nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bika bibanziriza iki. [28] Kubera izo mpamvu, Urukiko rusanga nawe yemerewe indishyi zingana na 5.800.581 Frw, ariko hakavanwamwo angana na 3.222.545 Frw yahawe mu rubanza rusubirishwamo kandi yemera 2 Reba igika cya 7 cy’urwo rubanza aho ruvuga ko …Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse, Byarugaba Mazambi Aimé, Neretsabagabo Leonard, Rutayisire Theophile na Mugeyo Kibinda Emmanuel mu kwiregura ku bujurire bwatanzwe na BPR Ltd, batanze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi basaba indishyi zinyuranye n’igihembo cy’avoka. 3 Aho iyi ngingo iteganya ibib bikurikira: Umucamanza aca urubanza ku cyasabwe cyose kandi kuri icyo cyonyine.

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ko yamaze kwishyurwa; bityo BPR Bank Rwanda Plc ikaba igomba kumwishyura ikinyuranyo gisigaye cy’izo ndishyi z’akababaro kingana na 2.578.036 Frw. 2. Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’ay’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [29] Me Mubangizi Frank, uhagarariye BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse guha BPR Bank Rwanda Plc indishyi zingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000Frw) y'igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y'ikurikirana rubanza kubera gukomeza kuyikurura mu manza nta mpamvu, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 26 y'Amabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera bya Avoka. [30] Me Intwazayamugabo Armand Uhagarariye Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse avuga ko nta shingiro izo ndishyi zikwiye guhabwa, kuko ari yo yabaye nyirabazana w’uru rubanza mu kumusezerera mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko bigatuma ajya gutanga ikirego kugira ngo Urukiko rumurenganure, kuko iyi Banki yari yaramwirukanye mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ndetse n’Urukiko mu kumugenera indishyi rukazibara nabi bigatuma ajya mu karengane kandi urubanza rwasabirwa gusubirishwamo ku mpamvu z‘akarenane BPR Bank Rwanda Plc ntihite ibyemera ahubwo igakomeza kumuburanya. [31] Asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka BPR Bank Rwanda Plc kwishyura Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka angana na miliyoni ebyiri (2.000.000Frw) n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500 000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 26 y'Amabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera bya Avoka. [32] Me Mubangizi Frank, uhagarariye BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, avuga ko indishyi Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse asaba ntazo Urukiko rukwiye kumugenera kuko ikirego cye nta shingiro gifite, kandi ko n’iyo Urukiko rwazasanga gifite ishingiro kubera kubarirwa nabi indishyi bikaba bitatuma amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka bicibwa BPR kuko kuzibara nk’uko zabazwe byari mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, BPR ikaba nta ruhare yabigizemo. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [33] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [34] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse asaba ayakwiye kuko ikirego cye cyahawe ishingiro ku kiburanwa cy’ibanze nk’uko bimaze gusobanurwa haruguru. Rusanga kandi ibivugwa na BPR Bank Rwanda Plc ko nta ruhare yagize mu kuba urega yarabariwe nabi indishyi z’akababaro mu rubanza rwasubirishijwemo nta shingiro bikwiye guhabwa, kuko iyo iza kubona atangije urubanza kandi ibona ko atabariwe uko

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abo bahuje uburambe babariwe, ntacyari kuyibuza kumwegera bagakemura ikibazo cy’ibanze mu bwumvikane bitabaye ngombwa ko yiyambaza Avoka wo kumuburanira no gukurikirana uru rubanza. Icyakora uru Rukiko rurasanga amafaranga Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse asaba ari menshi ugereranyije n’ibikwiye kuba byaragenze kuri uru rubanza, bityo mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rusanga BPR Bank Rwanda Plc igomba kumwishyura 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza RSOCA 00092/2018/HC/KIG CMB RSOCA 00093/2018/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00105/2018/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00106/2018/HC/KIG - CMB RSOCA 00099/2018/HC/KIG - CMB 00118/2018/HC/KIG, RSOCA 00121/2018/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 20/09/2018, gifite ishingiro. [36] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urwo rubanza ihindutse gusa ku byerekeranye n’inyongera y’indishyi z’akababaro Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse agomba guhabwa. [37] Rutegetse BPR Bank Rwanda Plc kwishyura Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse 2.578.036 Frw y’indishyi z’akababaro yiyongera ku zo yagenewe mu rubanza rwasubirishijwemo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. [38] Rutegetse BPR Bank Rwanda Plc kwishyura Niwemungeli Marie Thérèse 500.000 Frw, y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [39] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza ahererera ku Isanduku ya Leta.