UBUSHINJACYAHA v NIYIGENA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v NIYIGENA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-07-18 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00926/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v NIYIGENA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE- RPAA 00926/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 18 Nyakanga 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Igabanyagihano – Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu - Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ndetse n’ihazabu iteganyijwe icyo cyaha, ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ku wa 17 Werurwe 2022, Niyigena yafatiwe mu Karere ka Rulindo atwaye udupfunyika 551 tw’urumogi yarazanye i Kigali. Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobywabwenge, aburana yemera icyaha, urukiko rumuhamya icyo cyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 n’ihazabu ya Frw 21.000.000. Uregwa yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano, Urukiko Rukuru rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu ya Frw 5.000.000. uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, urukiko rusuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubikiorwa igihano. Niyigena asobanura ko atagoye ubutabera kuko yabauranye yemera icyaha cyo gutunda urumogi yari yatumwe na Mutuyimana ngo arujyane i Kigali, agasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahawe ndetse kikanasubikwa kuko amaze kugororoka bihagije kandi akaba ariwe wenyine witaga ku muryango we. Ibi ashingira ku manza zitandukanye aho abakoze icyaha nk’icye bagiye bagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku myaka 5. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko uregwa atakongera kugabanyirizwa kuko yagabanyirijwe bihagije. Naho ku manza avuga ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa, busobanura ko izo manza zitakwifashishwa kuko ingingo y’itegeko zashingiragaho yahinduwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu ntigishobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, ndetse n’ihazabu iteganyijwe icyo cyaha, ntishobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiwe: Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ingingo ya 11 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018. Imanza zifashishijwe:

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RPAA 00752/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025; RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Dusabe Jean Damascène, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025; RPAA 00383/2024/CA, Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandinda Pétronille rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

[1] Mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 17/3/2022, Niyigena Jean Claude ari mu Mudugudu wa Murambo, Akagali ka Marembo, Umurenge wa Cyungo, Akarere ka Rulindo, Intara y’Amajyaruguru, yafatanwe udupfunyika magana atanu na mirongo itanu na tune (554) tw’urumogi. Ubushinjacyaba bwamureze icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, aburana acyemera avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe yari yaruhawe n’uwitwa Mutuyimana Jean Damascène ngo arujyane i Kigali, amuhembe amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itatu (30.000 Frw). [2] Mu rubanza N° RP 00329/2022/TGI/GIC rwaciwe ku wa 11/04/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Niyigena Jean Claude haba mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko, aho yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika magana atanu na mirongo itanu na tune (554) tw’urumogi aruvanye mu Karere ka Rulindo arujyanye i Kigali, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). [3] Niyigena Jean Claude yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha agisabira imbabazi ntiyagora inzego z’ubutabera, anagaragaza icyamuteye kwishora mu bikorwa byo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge ko ari ubushomeri, asaba ko igihano yahawe cyagabanywa ndetse kikanasubikwa agasanga abana. [4] Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko Niyigena Jean Claude yagabanyirizwa ibihano hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, agahabwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [5] Mu rubanza N° RPA 00642/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 16/08/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, rwasanze kuba Niyigena Jean Claude yemera icyaha, byamubera impamvu ituma agabanyirizwa igihano, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 4/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’amafanga ijana (5.000.100 Frw).

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[6] Niyigena Jean Claude yajuririre Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa N° RPAA 00926/2024/CA, ruburanishwa muruhame ku wa 08/07/2025, yunganiwe na Me Muhiganwa Damas, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habineza Jean Damascène, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [7] Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) ndetse kikanasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana yasize n’umubyeyi we ugeze mu zabukuru. [8] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Niyigena Jean Claude yagabanyirijwe ibihano ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, bityo ko nta mpamvu yindi ishingiye ku Itegeko yatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), ndetse ko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5). [9] Hakurikijwe iyo miburanire, Urukiko rurasanga muri uru rubanza hakwiye gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Niyigena Jean Claude yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubukirwa igihano.

II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO

Kumenya niba Niyigena Jean Claude yakongera kugabanyirizwa ndetse akanasubukirwa igihano

[10] Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha ntiyagora inzego z’ubutabera ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere yakurikiranwaho icyaha imbere y’ubutabera n’icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kuko urumogi yafatanwe rwahise rufatirwa ruratwikwa, akaba anamaze kugororoka bihagije ku buryo ahawe amahirwe yo kugabanyirizwa igihano agasubira mu muryango nyarwanda yiteguye kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge afatanyije n’inzego za Leta n’abaturage. Basaba kandi ko Niyigena Jean Claude yasubikirwa igihano kuko ariwe usigaye mu muryango we ufite inshingano zo kwita kubana be n’umubyeyi we ugeze mu zabukuru. [11] Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 491, iya 582 n’iya 593 z’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange

1 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw'icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumye agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo”. 2 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko”. 3 Ivuga ko: “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 1º ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa, akicuza kandi akishyura ibyo yangije nk’uko bari babimutegerejeho; 2º ushinjwa yishyikirije urwego rw’ubutabera rubifitiye ububasha, mbere y’uko akurikiranwa cyangwa se mu gihe hatangiye ibikorwa by’ikurikirana; 3º mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa; 4º icyaha cyakozwe nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje”.

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nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu no kuzindi manza zaciwe, harimo urubanza N° RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na SHAKABATENDA Jean de Dieu; urubanza N° RPAA 00151/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/04/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRANDIKUBWIMANA Mediatrice; urubanza N° RPAA 00021/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 19/04/2024 ubushinjacyaha buburana na SINGIRANUMWE Vedaste n’urubanza N° RPAA 00406/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 21/10/201 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NAHAYO Ignace, zatanze umurongo uvuga ko nta cyabuza Urukiko rwajuririwe kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa mu gihe kitagabanyijwe bihagije hagamije gutangwa igihano kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe, ndetse n’urubanza N° RPAA 00408/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NYIRISHEME Fiston, aho uyu yagabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5); maze Niyigena Jean Claude nawe akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5) ndetse kikanasubikwa akajya kwita ku bana be n’umubyeyi we ugeze mu zabukuru. [12] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Niyigena Jean Claude yagabanyirijwe igihano ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, bityo ko nta mpamvu yindi ishingiye ku Itegeko yatuma igihano yahawe cyongera kugabanywa kikajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). Ku bijyanye n’izindi manza zaciwe Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunga basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko izo manza zidakwiye kwifashishwa kuko zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iyo ngingo ikaba yaramaze guhindurwa kandi nk’uko byaratanzweho umurongo mu rubanza N° RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Innocent Réponse, umurongo wariho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahindutse. [13] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Niyigena Jean Claude, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano yahanishijwe kidashobora gusubikwa kuko kirenze igifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5).

Uko Urukiko rubibona

[14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw) Niyigena Jean Claude yahanishijwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa kubera icyaha cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge (urumogi) yahamijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha agaragaza, ndetse kikanasubikwa. [15] Ingingo ya 11, igika cya gatatu, agace ka 1° y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019 ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ivuga ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 1° igifungo cya burundu

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n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. [16] Ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya igihano gito gishobora guhabwa umuburanyi wahamijwe icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, cyatanzweho umuro n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye, aho rushingiye ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ihindura ingingo ya 60 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rwemeje ko icyaha gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe4. [17] Nk’uko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ibigaragaza, mu Rukiko Rukuru Niyigena Jean Claude yagabanyirije igihano, kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) yari yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw). [18] Hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza zabanje wibukijwe haruguru (mu gika cya 16 cy’uru rubanza), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw) Niyigena Jean Claude yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kitakongera kugabanywa kuko cyagabanyijwe bihagije kandi kikaba aricyo gihano gito ntarengwa giteganyijwe ku cyaha kimuhama cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mubwoko bw’urumogi, kikaba kidashobora kugibwa munsi. [19] Ku bijyanye n’imanza Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka itanu (5), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga muri izo manza izagabanyije igihino kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko ari urubanza N° RPAA 00039/2021/CA n’urubanza N° RPAA 00408/2021/CA, rurasanga ariko izo manza zitakwifashishwa kuko zagabanyije igihano hashingiwe ku murongo wari uriho watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye rwaciye wemerera Umucamanza kuba yagabanya igihano kugeza munsi y’igihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, uwo murongo uka wari ushingiye ku ngingo ya 60 y’Itegeko N°68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ubu iyo ngingo ikaba yarahinduwe n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023, kandi nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul, umurongo wari uriho ukaba udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe Itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe5.

4 Muri izo manza harimo urubanza N° RPAA 00752/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/03/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsekanabo Augustin (igika cya 19); urubanza N° RPAA 00 RPAA 00154/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 17/04/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na DUSABE Jean Damascène (igika cya 13); urubanza N° RPAA 00383/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/05/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mukandinda Pétronille (igika cya 16) n’izindi. n’izindi. 5 Reba igika cya 26 cy’urwo rubanza

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[20] Ku bijyanye n’zindi manza Niyigena Jean Claude n’umwunganira basaba ko zashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano, ni ukuvuga urubanza N° RPAA 00151/2021/CA, ubanza N° RPAA 00021/2023/CA n’urubanza N° RPAA 00406/2020/CA, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nazo ntacyo zafasha mu icibwa ry’uru rubanza kuko nazo zagiye zigabanya igihano kugeza ku gihano gito giteganywa n’Itegeko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rindura Itegeko N° 68/18 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018, ari nako byagenze no kuri Niyigena Jean Claude mu rubanza ajuririra.

[21] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Niyigena Jean Claude, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku ngingo ya 3 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko: “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko, rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”, rusanga adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ahanishijwe igihano cy’iremezo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) y’igifungo.

[22] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe muri uru rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyigena Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite, urubanza yajuririye rukaba rudahindutse.

III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

[23] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyigena Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite; [24] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza N° RPA 00642/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 16/08/2024, idahindutse; [25] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu n’amafaranga ijana (5.000.100 Frw) Niyigena Jean Claude yahanishijwe muri urwo rubanza, kigumyeho. [26] Rutegetse ko Niyigena Jean Claude asonewe gutanga amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.