UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYODUSENGA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYODUSENGA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-30 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00332/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYODUSENGA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00332/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 30 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Ibimenyetso mu manza Nshinjabyaha – Principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale – Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi Urukiko akaba arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 4 bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Niyodusenga ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana bumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Niyodusenga yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru Urugero rwa Rusizi avuga ko yahamishwe icyaha atakoze, Urwo Rukiko mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) rushingiye kukuba yarakoze icyaha aribwo avuye mu bugimbi bishingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano. Niyodusenga yajuririye mu Rukikorw’Ubujurire avuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rutagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uko ari we wagikoze. Ku rundi ruhande Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko Niyodusenga atabasha kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho, bugasaba ko ubujurire bwe butahabwa ishingiro nta shingiro, Urukiko rukagumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi Urukiko akaba arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, Ingingo ya 87. Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène;

Urubanza

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I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yaketsweho kuba ku wa 14/04/2020 yarasambanyije umwana w’imyaka (4) wahawe izina rya I.A muri uru rubanza1, bimenyekana ubwo uwo mwana yabwiraga nyina ko ajya kwihagarika akababara, arebye asanga mu gitsina cye havamo amashyira, uwo bari kumwe amubwira ko ashobora kuba yarasambanyijwe maze nyina akomeje kumubaza amubwira ko byakozwe na Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu, atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku bimenyetso birimo ibyo Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yavuze igihe cy’iperereza, imvugo z’uwo mwana n’iza nyina, iz’umutangabuhamya hamwe na raporo ya muganga, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yireguye avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, ko atari gusambanya uwo mwana kuko yazaga iwabo aje gufata imyenda y’akazi kandi ababyeyi be bahari, ko ahubwo ari bo bamushutse ngo amubeshyere bitewe n’amakimbirane yari afitanye na se, ko no kuba raporo ya muganga ivuga ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe bitavuze ko ari we wabikoze. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00384/2020/TGI/MHG ku wa 17/12/2020, rusanga Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yarakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kubera ko hari ibimenyetso bibigaragaza bigizwe no kuba uwo mwana yaravuze ko ari we wamusambanyije ubwo nyina yari yagiye kuvoma amaze kumugurira ibisuguti, bigahura n’uko mu Bugenzacyaha Niyodusenga nawe yavuze ko yajyaga amugurira ibisuguti, bombo na sambusa akanemera ko yabaga iwabo w’uwo mwana, rushingira kandi ku mvugo za nyina w’uwo mwana hamwe na raporo ya muganga maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atakoze kuko atari kubona uko amusambanya bitewe n’uko yabanaga na nyina, ko raporo ya muganga itagaragaje ko hari ibikomere basanze mu gitsina cy’uwo mwana ko kandi yasabye ko nawe yapimwa ariko ntibyakorwa, ko n’abatangabuhamya bashingiweho ntawigeze amubona asambanya uwo mwana. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zifite kuko Urukiko rwa mbere rwagaragaje ibimenyetso rwashingiyeho kandi bimuhamya icyaha, ahubwo akaba atabasha kubivuguruza. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPAA 00332/2024/HC/NYZ ku wa 29/04/2024, rusanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ari ibimenyetso bifatika kandi byuzuzanya byemeza nta shiti ko Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho, bigizwe n’imvugo z’umwana wasambanyijjwe, imvugo za nyina hamwe na raporo ya muganga. [8] Rwasanze kandi iby’amakimbirane avuga ko yari afitanye na se w’umwana nta gaciro byabahwa, kuko ahindagura ibyo avuga ko bapfaga harebwe ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Rukiko, ko n’ibyo avuga ko atari kubona uko asambanya uwo mwana ngo kuko yabanaga na

1 Kubera ko ari umwana

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nyina bivuguruzwa n’ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha kuko yemeye ko babanaga mu rugo akamwisanzuraho akajya anamuha amafaranga cyangwa akamugurira ibintu bitandukanye, ko no kuvuga ko raporo ya muganga itagaragaje ko hari ibikomere basanze mu gitsina cy’umwana nabyo nta shingiro bifite kuko ibyo bikomere muganga yabibonye, naho kuba hatarakozwe ikizamini cya ADN bikaba bitavanaho ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe. [9] Ku birebana n’igihano, rwasanze kuba ari ubwa mbere Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu akurikiranwe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi no kuba yarakoze icyaha akiva mu bugimbi kuko yari afite imyaka 19, byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihano yahawe kikagabanywa, mu kwanzura rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku bijyanye n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20). [10] Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yatanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00332/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 07/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Bunyoye Grâce, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [11] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira bavuga ko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rutagaragaje ibimenyetso by’uko ari we wagikoze harimo n’ikimenyetso cya ADN, runirengagiza amakimbirane yari ahari. [12] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zifite, kuko hari ibimenyetso byashingiweho Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu adashobora kuvuguruza, ko kandi Urukiko rwasobanuye impamvu iby’amakimbirane avuga ko yari afitanye na se w’umwana nta shingiro bifite. [13] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho bidahamya Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu icyaha cyo gusambanya I.A, no kumenya niba Urukiko rwarirengagije amakimbirane yari afitanye na se w’uwo mwana. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA

Kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho bidahamya Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, no kumenya niba Urukiko rwarirengagije amakimbirane yari afitanye na se w’uwo mwana. [14] Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana kandi ibimenyetso byashingiweho bitemeza ko ari we wamusambanyije, ko hagombaga kugaragazwa ikimenyetso cya ADN kuko ari ikimenyetso simusiga, bagapima ibyavuye ku mwana nawe agapimwa ariko bikaba bitarakozwe kandi yarabisabye kuva mu Bugenzacyaha. [15] Avuga ko kandi Urukiko rwirengagije amakimbirane yari afitanye na se w’umwana ashinjwa gusambanya, runirengagiza ko atabaga iwabo w’uwo mwana ko ahubwo yagaragaje aho yabaga ariko Urukiko ntirwabiha agaciro.

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[16] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu ko Urukiko rutagaragaje ko ari we wakoze icyaha akurikiranweho nta shingiro bifite, kuko rwagaragaje ibimenyetso bikimuhamya nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu bika bya 14-20 by’urubanza rujuririrwa ahubwo akaba atabasha kubivuguruza, ko kandi ADN ari ikimenyetso gishobora kuza cyunganira ibindi ariko ko kuba itarakozwe bitatesha agaciro ibindi bimenyetso byashingiweho, cyane cyane raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko mu gitsina cy’umwana hatukuraga kandi akababara iyo bakozeho, n’akarangabusugi ke karangiritse. [17] Avuga ko n’impamvu irebana n’amakimbirane Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu avuga ko yari afitanye na se w’umwana nta shingiro ifite, kuko nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, yagiye ahindagura ibyo avuga ko bapfaga harebwe ibyo yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Rukiko Rukuru, ko rero Urukiko rwakwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite rukagumishaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye mu kumenya niba ibimenyetso byashingiweho bidahamya Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu icyaha akurikiranweho. [19] Ku byerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, byasesenguwe mu rubanza RPAA 00692/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 20/01/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ndayishimiye Jean Damascène, Urukiko rusobanura ko mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho mu gihe bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye (principe de la liberté de la preuve en matière pénale) ababuranyi bakaba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye, kandi ko Urukiko arirwo rwemeza ko ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kwemerwa. N’ubwo uyu murongo ushingiye ku isesengura ry’ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ryakurikizwaga urubanza rucibwa, ibyateganywaga n’iyo ngingo bihura n’ubundi n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 87 y’Itegeko Nº062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso rikurikizwa ubu2. [20] Ibimenyetso byashingiweho n’inkiko zabanje mu guhamya Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bigizwe n’imvugo z’uwo mwana, imvugo za nyina w’uwo mwana hamwe na raporo ya muganga. [21] Nk’uko imwanzuro n’imiburanire bya Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu bibigaragaza, ntacyo anenga ibimenyetso byashingiweho usibye kuvuga ko bitemeza ko ari we wasambanyije I.A kuko hatagaragajwe ikimenyetso simusiga cya ADN, mu gihe mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso byose bishobora gushingirwaho iyo bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza rwavuzwe haruguru, uko kuri ku birebana n’uru rubanza kukaba kugaragazwa n’uko Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yashinjwe n’umwana yasambanyije, wavuze ko yamubwiye ngo bakore bya bindi akajya amuryamaho amaze kumuha ibisuguti, imvugo y’uwo mwana igahura nuko Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu nawe yemeye ko yajyaga amugurira utuntu dutandukanye harimo n’ibisuguti, no kuba yarabaga iwabo w’uwo mwana nk’uko yabyemeye mu ibazwa rye, bikanemezwa na nyina

2 Iyo ngingo ivuga ko mu rubanza nshinjabyaha ikimenyetso gishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe umwanya wo kubijyaho impaka.

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w’umwana wavuze ko yamubwiye ko Niyodusenga yamukuyemo ikabutura aryamye aramworosa bararyama ko kandi yamuguriye ibisuguti, anavuga ko atamenya igihe byabereye kuko yabimenye ari uko uwo mwana amubwiye ko ajya kwihagarika akababara, arebye abona mu gitsina harimo amashyira. [22] Bigaragara kandi ko ibyo nyina w’umwana yabonye mu gitsina cy’uwo mwana, bihura n’ibyemejwe na raporo ya muganga kuko yagaragaje ko mu gitsina hatukuraga kandi ababara bamukozeho, havamo ibintu by’amashyira binuka ndetse n’akarangabusugi kangiritse (déchiré)3. [23] Urukiko rurasanga rero kuvuga ko ibyo bimenyetso bitamushinja icyaha ngo kuko hatakozwe ikizamini cya ADN nta shingiro bifite, kuko kuba icyo kizamini kitarakozwe bitatesha agaciro ibyo bimenyetso, cyane cyane ko atagaragaza icyari gushingirwaho hakorwa icyo kizamini bitewe n’uko umunsi nyina w’umwana amenya ko yasambanyijwe atari wo munsi icyaha cyakorewe nk’uko yabisobanuye ndetse raporo ya muganga ikaba igaragaza ko yasuzumwe yaramaze gukorerwa isuku, bivuze ko ibyagaragaye ku mwana atari ibyasizwe n’uwamusambanyije ahubwo byatewe n’igikorwa cyo gusambanywa. [24] Ku birebana n’uko hirengagijwe amakimbirane Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yari afitanye na se w’umwana, bigaragara ko Urukiko rutabyirengagije nk’uko abivuga ahubwo rwasanze iby’ayo makimbirane nta shingiro bifite bitewe nuko ahindagura ibyo avuga ko bapfaga, kuko mu Bugenzacyaha yavuze ko yagambaniwe n’uwitwa Dyna, ko se w’umwana ashinjwa gusambanya wari uhagarariye irondo yashatse kumwirukana amuziza ko yarwanye n’umuntu bapfuye amafaranga yanywereye kwa Dyna, naho mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko bapfuye ko yashatse kumusambanyiriza umugore. Urukiko rurasanga rero uretse kongera kugarura icyo kibazo, ntacyo Niyodusenga anenga ibyo bisobanuro, cyane cyane ko atari kuba afitanye amakimbirane na se w’uwo mwana ngo yongere ahabe cyangwa ajye aharuhukira avuye ku irondo nk’uko yabisobanuye igihe cy’iperereza. Byongeye kandi n’iyo ayo makimbirane aza kuba ahari koko, ntiyatesha agaciro ibimenyetso bihari kandi bimuhamya icyaha akurikiranweho. [25] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe, Urukiko rurasanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bihagije mu kwemeza ko Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kuko bigaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubansa rwajuririwe, cyane cyane ko igihano yahawe gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu nta shingiro bufite ; [27] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00012/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 29/04/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) ;

3 Vulve très traumatique, très rougeatre, sensible au toucher, vagin laissant sortir des sécrétions purulentes nauséabondes, hymen déchiré

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[28] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Niyodusenga Jean de Dieu yajuriye afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.