UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMBABAZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMBABAZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00441/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMBABAZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00441/2024/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kongera kugabanya ibihano mu bujurire – Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ntibishoboka iyo bigaragara ko nyirukubisaba yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya agahabwa igihano gito gishobora gutangwa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niyombabazi Anitha yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 5 tw’urumogi kurwo yacuruzaga, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma busaba ko ahamwa n’icyaha agahinishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya 20 000 000 Frw. Niyombabazi yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko yabitewe n’inzara agisabira imbabazi, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma mu guca urubanza rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igufungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu (23. 000. 000 Frw), rwemeza kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa. Niyombabazi yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yahanishijwe igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha ndetse akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe mu butabera ku buryo buzwi. Asaba kuganyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Niyombabazi yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba ko igihano yahawe mu rubanza rujuririrwa cyakongera kikagabanywa. Ku rundi ruhande ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yagabanyirijwe igihano ko kandi icyo yahawe aricyo gito Itegeko riteganya. Incamake y’icyemezo: Gusaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano ntibishoboka iyo bigaragara ko nyirukubisaba yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya agahabwa igihano gito gishobora gutangwa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 263, igika cya 3. Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya ya 2, (a) na (d). Nta manza zifashishijwe

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Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyuma y’uko bimenyekanye ko mu rugo kwa Niyombabazi Anitha n’umugabo we bacuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, habaye igikorwa cyo kurushakisha maze ku wa 18/07/2021 Niyombabazi Anitha afatirwa mu cyuho ari iwe afite udupfunyika dutanu (5) tw’urumogi kurwo yacuruzaga, atangira gukurikiranwa n’inzego z’iperereza. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwamureze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bushingiye kubyo yemeye mu ibazwa rye, ku batangabuhamya no ku nyandikomvugo y’ifatira, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu n'ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw). [3] Niyombabazi Anitha yireguye avuga ko yemera icyaha akurikiranweho akaba agisabira imbabazi, ko yagikoze abitewe n’inzara, asaba ko yasubikirwa igihano kugira ngo ajye kurera umwana muto yasize mu rugo. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 01054/2021/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 24/08/2021, rusanga hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho bigizwe n’uko yacyiyemereye, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya bamufatanye urumogi yacuruzaga hamwe n’inyandikomvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono, maze rwemeza ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, rumuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu (23. 000. 000 Frw), rwemeza kandi ko urumogi rwafatiriwe rutwikwa [5] Niyombabazi Anitha yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko yemeye icyaha ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire, akaba kandi ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu butabera mu buryo buzwi. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko kuba itegeko ryashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere ryarahindutse, hashingirwa ku Itegeko rishya Niyombabazi akagabanyirizwa igihano mu mbibi z’iryo tegeko. [7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 01121/2021/HC/RWG ku wa 30/05/2024, rusanga kuba ari ubwa mbere Niyombabazi akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva ku rwego rwa mbere no mu bujurire agakomeza kucyemera, byashingirwaho igihano yahawe kikongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 (a) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange, rwemeza rero ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [8] Niyombabazi Anitha ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza ajurira bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00441/2024/CA, ruhabwa itariki yo kuburanishwa yo ku wa 17/01/2025, uwo munsi ruburanishwa yunganiwe na Me Rugeyo Jean, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu.

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[9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanure, Niyombabazi Anitha n’umwunganra bavuga ko ubujurire yatanze bugamije gusaba ko igihano yahawe cyakongera kikagabanywa. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire bwa Niyombabazi Anitha itahabwa agaciro kuko yagabanyirijwe igihano ko kandi icyo yahawe aricyo gito Itegeko riteganya. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba igihano Niyombabazi Anitha yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

Kumenya niba igihano Niyombabazi Anitha yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa. [12] Niyombabazi Anitha n’umwunganira bavuga ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kuva agifatwa ariko ahanishwa igihano kirekire, ko icyo yahawe cyakongera kikagabanywa hashingiwe ku kuba yaremeye icyaha kuva agifatwa kandi ko ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranwe mu butabera, hakanashingirwa no kuba yarishoye mu cyaha abitewe n’ubuzima bugoye yari abayemo. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Niyombabazi Anitha ashingiraho ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bifite kuko ntacyo anenga ibyakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ko kandi igihano yahawe ari cyo gito giteganywa n’Itegeko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), Urukiko rukaba rudashobora kujya munsi y’icyo gihano, ko rero hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Urukiko Rukuru rwahanishije Niyombabazi Anitha cyakongera kugabanywa. [15] Ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi Niyombabazi Anitha yahamijwe n’inkiko zabanje, ingingo ya 263, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, igihanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye1. [16] Naho ingingo ya 2, (a) na (d) y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, ivuga ko iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15), naho igihano cy’ihazabu kikaba gishobora

1 Urumogi ruri mu cyiciro cy’ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye hashingiwe ku Iteka rya Minisitiri nº001/MoH/2019 ryo ku wa 04/03/2019

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kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. [17] Izi ngingo zisomewe hamwe zumvikanisha ko icyaha cyo kugurisha ibiyobyabwenge gihanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu itari munsi ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 Frw) ariko itarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw), ariko haba habonetse impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemejwe n’umucamanza, igihano kikaba cyagabanywa ku buryo kitajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [18] Ku birebana na Niyombabazi Anitha, imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru rwamugabanyirije igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni makumyabiri n’eshatu (23.000.000 Frw ) yari yahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha mu butabera mu buryo buzwi no kuba yaremeye icyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe uburyo ibihano bishobora kugabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, hakanarebwa igihano Niyombabazi Anitha yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru nyuma yo kumugabanyiriza, ibyo asaba ko icyo gihano cyakongera kugabanywa bitashoboka kuko yagabanyirijwe mu buryo bukurikije ibyo Itegeko riteganya ahabwa igihano gito ryateganyije, bityo igihano cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe kikaba kitakongera kugabanywa, hakaba rero hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyombabazi Anitha nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 01121/2021/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/05/2024, rwamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), idahindutse; [22] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta, kuko Niyombabazi Anitha afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.