NIYOMUGABO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NIYOMUGABO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-11-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00307/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIYOMUGABO v. UBUSHINJACYAHA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00307/2025/CA (Kanyange P.J.,) 28 Ugushyingo 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Agaciro k’Inyandikomvugo ikorerwa uregwa – Inyandikomvugo ikorerwa uregwa ntihabwa agaciro gusa iyo yayishyizeho umukono cyangwa igikumwe kugirango byemezwe ko ibiyikubiyemo abyemera mu gihe Umushinjacyaha yatanze impamvu y’uko kudashyiraho umukono nk’uko Itegeko ribisaba. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ukwemera icyaha kw’uregwa – Umucamanza afite ishingano yo gusuzumana mu bushishozi ibyo uregwa yemeye mu rwego rw’iperereza harebwe ibikorwa aregwa, igihe asanga ukwo kwemera kudashidikanywaho, akabiha agaciro ashingiye ku mutima nama we (intime conviction). Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubuhamya – Mu rwego rwo gushaka ukuri kw’ibyabaye ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha, ntihashingirwa gusa ku buhamya bw’ababonye icyaha gikorwa kuko akenshi ibyaha bikorerwa mu bwihisho, ahubwo hashobora no gushingirwa ku buhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (preuve indirecte) iyo bushyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma bwizerwa. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ikimenyetso – Raporo ya muganga sicyo kimenyetso kamara ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Incamake y’ikibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niyomugabo Emmanuel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 9 wahawe izina rya T.C, bushingiye ku byo yemeye igihe cy’iperereza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, maze bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko n’ibyo yemeye byatewe n’uko yakubiswe. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, maze rwemeza ko Niyomugabo yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kuko yacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, rwemeza kandi ko n’ibyo avuga ko yemeye icyaha kubera gukubitwa bitahabwa agaciro kuko yasobanuye neza uko yakoze icyaha, kandi ko kuba yarageze mu Rukiko agahakana ibyo yari yemeye mu iperereza bitabuza ko ahanwa kuko Urukiko ari rwo ruha agaciro ukwemera yakoze, bityo rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Niyomugabo yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atakoze. Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zifite, kuko yemeye ko yasambanyije umwana kandi akaba atagaragaza ko yashyizweho agahato kugira ngo abyemere, ko kandi raporo ya muganga atari yo kamara kugira uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza, maze rusanga Niyomugabo yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, kandi ko mu bujurire atashoboye kubivuguruza, rwemeza ariko ko kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganwe imyitwarire mibi byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19).

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Niyomugabo yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko yajurijwe n’uko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje bigizwe no kwemera icyaha gukubiye mu nyandikomvugo atashyizeho umukono, no ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma. Uregwa akomeza kwiregura avuga ukwemera icyaha kwe kudashyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso kugira ngo kube kudashidikanywaho ku buryo kwashingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha, avuga kandi ko atarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo zirimo ibyo bavuga ko yemeye icyaha, ku bw’ibyo akaba asaba ko byafatwa ko uko kwemera icyaha kwe kutabayeho. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyomugabo nta shingiro bufite, kuko kudashyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo yo mu Bugenzacyaha byatewe no kwirinda inkwirakwizwa rya covid-19, kandi ko kuko atagaragaza uburyo Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rugenekereje, ko ahubwo atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha, bityo ko n’ubwo nta mutangabuhamya wabonye icyaha gikorwa nkuko uregwa abivuga, ubuhamya bwatanzwe bushingiye ku nkuru z’ibyabaye zahereye ku rukururano rw’uwo mwana na Niyomugabo. Ku bivugwa n’uregwa ko raporo ya muganga ntacyo yagaragaje kirebana n’isambanywa ry’umwana , uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko raporo igira icyo igaragaza iyo ikozwe byibura mu masaha 72, mu gihe inkuru y’isambanywa ry’uwo mwana yakomeje kuzenguruka bituma asuzumwa bitinze ku buryo ntacyo muganga yari kubona,bityo ko bitavuze ko atasambanyijwe, mu gihe ko Niyomugabo yabyiyemereye, kandi ko raporo ya muganga atari ikimenyetso kamara cyatuma agirwa umwere kuko hari ibindi bimenyetso. Ikibazo cyasuzumwe nicyo kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu nzego z’ipereza kwateshwa agaciro n’uko atashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo z’ibazwa rye, no kumenya niba harashingiwe ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Niyomugabo nta shingiro zifite, kuko kwemera icyaha kwe n’ubuhamya bwashingiweho ari ibimenyeto bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe, hakanagumaho igifungo cy’imyaka 19 yahanishijwe kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Inyandikomvugo ikorerwa uregwa ntihabwa agaciro gusa iyo yayishyizeho umukono cyangwa igikumwe kugirango byemezwe ko ibiyikubiyemo abyemera mu gihe Umushinjacyaha yatanze impamvu y’uko kudashyiraho umukono nk’uko Itegeko ribisaba. 2. Umucamanza afite ishingano yo gusuzumana mu bushishozi ibyo uregwa yemeye mu rwego rw’iperereza harebwe ibikorwa aregwa, igihe asanga ukwo kwemera kudashidikanywaho, akabiha agaciro ashingiye ku mutima nama we (intime conviction). 3. Mu rwego rwo gushaka ukuri kw’ibyabaye ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha, ntihashingirwa gusa ku buhamya bw’ababonye icyaha gikorwa kuko akenshi ibyaha bikorerwa mu bwihisho, ahubwo hashobora no gushingirwa ku buhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (preuve indirecte) iyo bushyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma bwizerwa.

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4. Raporo ya muganga sicyo kimenyetso kamara ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 029/2029 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 50. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 0010/06/CS-012/06/CS rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugene na bagenzi be; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’IKirenga ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2008;

Urubanza RPAA 00480/2023/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizeyimana Jean de Dieu; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/02/2025;

Urubanza RPAA 00056/2023/CA, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwanyagasani Vedaste; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/09/2025;

Urubanza RPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Twahirwa, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 27/07/2023. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Umubyeyi w’umwana w’imyaka 9 wahawe izina rya T.C muri uru rubanza yatanze ikirego mu Bugenzacyaha avuga ko ku wa 25/05/2020 yamenye amakuru ko umwana we wabaga kwa nyirakuru yasambanyijwe na Niyomugabo Emmanuel, ubajije uwo mwana amubwira ko yamusambanyije koko ubwo bari bagiye kwahira ubwatsi, nyuma yo gutanga icyo kirego Niyomugabo Emmanuel atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Niyomugabo Emmanuel mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bushingiye ku byo yemeye igihe cy’iperereza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya, bumusabira igifungo cya burundu. [3] Niyomugabo Emmanuel yaburanye ahakana icyaha, avuga ko n’ibyo yemeye byatewe n’uko yakubiswe mu Mudugudu no mu Murenge naho mu Bushinjacyaha bavuga ko bakurikiza ibyo yavugiye mu Murenge. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RP 00136/2021/TGI/MHG ku wa 12/02/2021, rwemeza ko Niyomugabo Emmanuel yakoze icyaha akurikiranweho kuko yacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha, asobanura ko yasambanyije T.C ubwo bari bajyanye kwahira ubwatsi kandi ko yakoresheje agakingirizo atinya ko yamwanduza sida kuko nyina ayirwaye, hakaba n’abatangabuhamya bemeje ko uwo mwana yabemereye ko yasambanyijwe na Niyomugabo Rwasobanuye kandi kuba raporo ya muganga nta kimenyetso yagaragaje cy’uko uwo mwana yaba

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yarasambanyijwe atari byo byatuma adahanwa kuko Itegeko riteganya ko ikintu cyose gikozwe ku gitsina cy’umwana cyitwa kumusambanya, ko n’ibyo avuga ko yemeye icyaha kubera gukubitwa bitahabwa agaciro kuko yasobanuye neza uko yakoze icyaha, kandi ko kuba yarageze mu Rukiko agahakana ibyo yari yemeye mu iperereza bitabuza ko ahanwa kuko Urukiko ari rwo ruha agaciro ukwemera yakoze1. Rwamuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Niyomugabo Emmanuel yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko yahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana atakoze, ko yasabye ko bamupima bakanapima uwo mwana ariko ntibyakorwa. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwasubije ko izo mpamvu nta shingiro zifite, kuko yemeye ko yasambanyije umwana kandi akaba atagaragaza ko yashyizweho agahato kugira ngo abyemere, ko kandi raporo ya muganga atari yo kamara kugira uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana.

[7] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza RPA 00259/2021/HC/NYZ ku wa 28/02/2025, rusanga Niyomugabo Emmanuel yarahamijwe icyaha hashingiwe ku bimenyetso birimo ukwemera icyaha yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha n’imvugo z’abo umwana yabwiye ko yamusambanyije ubwo bari bagiye kwahira ubwatsi, ko kandi mu bujurire atashoboye kubivuguruza. Rwasanze ariko kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranwe mu nkiko mu buryo buzwi no kuba nta kigaragaza ko yari asanganwe imyitwarire mibi byamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19). [8] Niyomugabo Emmanuel yongeye ajurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwandikwa kuri RPAA 00307/2025/CA, iburanisha ribera mu ruhame ku wa 19/11/2025 yunganiwe na Me Kalisa Charles, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Sibomana Stanislas, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire no mu miburanire, Niyomugabo Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko yajurijwe n’uko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha rushingiye ku bimenyetso bigenekereje bigizwe no kwemera icyaha gukubiye mu nyandikomvugo atashyizeho umukono, no ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyomugabo Emmanuel nta shingiro bufite, kuko atagaragaza uburyo Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rugenekereje, ko ahubwo atabashije kuvuguruza ibimenyetso byashingiweho ahamwa n’icyaha. [11] Ikibazo kigomba gusuzumwa ni ukumenya niba ukwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu nzego z’ipereza kwateshwa agaciro n’uko atashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo z’ibazwa rye, no kumenya niba harashingiwe ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA

1 Rwabishingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 0010/06/CS-012/06/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’IKirenga ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2008 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Sgt Ntaganira Eugene na bagenzi behabur

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Kumenya niba ukwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu nzego z’ipereza kwateshwa agaciro n’uko atashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo z’ibazwa rye no kumenya niba harashingiwe ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma [12] Niyomugabo Emmanuel n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahamijwe icyaha atakoze, hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigenekereje bigizwe no kwemera icyaha yakoreye mu nzego z’iperereza no ku mvugo z’abatangabuhamya. [13] Basobanura ko inkiko zombi zashingiye ku kuba yaremeye icyaha mu Bugezancyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha kandi atarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo zirimo ibyo bavuga ko yemeye, bikaba binyuranye n’ingingo ya 51 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha2, ko rero inkiko zagombaga kubona ko ukwemera icyaha kwa Niyomugabo kutabayeho kuko atigeze asinyira ibyo yemeye ngo abyemeze, ko kandi Ubushinjacyaha butavuga ko byatewe n’uko hari mu bihe bya covid-19 kuko bigaragara ko abandi babajijwe bashyize imikono ku nyandikomvugo zabo. [14] Basanga rero ukwemera icyaha kwa Niyomugabo, kudashyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso kugira ngo kube kudashidikanywaho ku buryo kwashingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha, nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zaciwe harimo urwa Nyirahabimana Espérance na Ndungutse Déo3, ko ahubwo hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshijabyaha iteganya ko gushidikanya birengera ushinjwa, Niyomugabo akagirwa umwere. [15] Ku birebana n’ubuhamya bwashingiweho, bavuga ko ubwatanzwe na Iriho Alexis butarimo ubumenyi n’ubudakemwa bihagije kugira ngo bwemerwe nk’ikimenyetso kidashidikanywaho kigaragaza imikorere y’icyaha, ko binagaragara ko ubuhamya bwa nyina wa T.C abukomora kuri nyina ari we nyirakuri w’uwo mwana, ariko ibyo uyu yavuze bikaba bitafatwa nk’ubuhamya kuko atabyiboneye ahubwo nawe avuga ko yabyumvanye Agnès (umugore wa Alexis), Alexis nawe akavuga ko inkuru y’isambanywa ry’uwo mwana ayikomora ku bantu bahinganaga na nyina (wa T.C) barimo Uwimana Emmnauel bahimba Mvengeri. [16] Basanga rero ubwo atari ubuhamya ahubwo ari inkuru y’ikinyoma yacuzwe igenda ikwirakwizwa n’abantu badakunga Niyomugabo, kuba bamufitiye urwango bikagaragazwa n’uko mu ibazwa rya nyina wa T.C, yavuze ko umugore witwa Francine yamubwiye ko yari azi ko umwana we ari umugore wa Niyomugabo, ko akwiye kumurega bagafata amacuho, ko rero hakwibazwa aho Agnès na Francine bakomora iyo nkuru, cyane cyane ko batigeze babazwa ahubwo habajijwe abumvise inkuru bakwirakwije, irimo ibintu bivuguruzanya, kuko bamwe bavuga ko Niyomugabo yahaye T.C igiceri cya 50 Frw abandi bakavuga igiceri cya 100 Frw, ndetse iyo nkuru ikavuguruzwa na raporo ya muganga ivuga ko nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko yasambanyijwe.

2 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko “Buri rupapuro rw’inyandikomvugo rushyirwaho umukono n’Umugenzacyaha cyangwa Umushinjacyaha n’uwabajijwe. Uwabajijwe asabwa gusoma imvugo ye uko yanditswe nyuma akayishyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe iyo ayemeye. Iyo atazi gusoma, baramusomera. Iyo yanze cyangwa adashobora gushyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe, byandikwa mu nyandikomvugo’’.

3 Nta numero z’izo manza batanze cyangwa Urukiko rwaziciye

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[17] Uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Niyomugabo Emmanuel ashingiraho ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bifite, kuko kudashyira umukono ku nyandikomvugo yo mu Bugenzacyaha byatewe no kwirinda inkwirakwizwa rya covid-19, kandi ko n’ubwo mu Bugenzacyaha iyo mpamvu itanditswe, byakosowe mu Bushinjacyaha kuko havuzwe impamvu atashyizeho umukono, kandi ibyo yemeye mu Bugenzacyaha akaba yarabisubiyemo mu Bushinjacyaha, ko rero hatabayeho kunyuranya n’ingingo ya 51 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru. [18] Avuga kandi ko ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhama atari inkuru nk’uko uwajuriye n’umwunganira babivuga, kuko umutangabuhamya witwa Iriho Alexis yavuze ko yabajije T.C akamubwira uburyo yasambanyijwe, bigahura n’ibyo uwo mwana yavuze, naho nyirakuru w’uwo mwana akaba atarabajijwe ndetse akaba ataramenyekanishije icyo kibazo kubera intege nke, ko rero n’ubwo nta mutangabuhamya wabonye icyaha gikorwa, ubuhamya bwatanzwe bushingiye ku nkuru z’ibyabaye zahereye ku rukururano rw’uwo mwana na Niyomugabo Emmanuel. [19] Ku bivugwa na Niyomugabo n’umwunganira ko raporo ya muganga ntacyo yagaragaje kirebana n’isambanywa rya T.C, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko raporo igira icyo igaragaza iyo ikozwe byibura mu masaha 72, mu gihe inkuru y’isambanywa ry’uwo mwana yakomeje kuzenguruka bituma asuzumwa bitinze ku buryo ntacyo muganga yari kubona, ariko kuba ntacyo yagaragaje bikaba bitavuze ko atasambanyijwe, cyane cyane ko Niyomugabo Emmanuel yabyiyemereye mu nzego z’iperereza hakaba n’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, ko rero raporo ya muganga atari ikimenyetso kamara cyatuma agirwa umwere kuko hari ibindi bimenyetso bimushinja nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko harimo urubanza RPAA 00537/2023/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/09/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbarushimana Yangu (igika cya 294). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [20] Impaka ziri muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenye niba ukwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu nzego z’ipereza kwateshwa agaciro n’uko atashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo z’ibazwa rye, no kumenya niba harashingiwe ku buhamya bugizwe n’inkuru y’ikinyoma. [21] Ku birebana n’uburyo inyandikomvugo zikorwa, ingingo ya 50 y’Itegeko Nº 029/2029 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha iteganya ko ’’Inyandikomvugo zigomba gukorwa nta bucucike bw’amagambo. Amagambo yahanaguwe n’ayagize ikindi akorwaho agomba kwemezwa n’Umugenzacyaha cyangwa Umushinjacyaha n’uwabajijwe. Iyo ayo magambo atemejwe n’Umugenzacyaha cyangwa Umushinjacyaha hamwe n’uwabajijwe nta gaciro ahabwa. Ni na ko bigenda iyo inyandikomvugo zitariho imikono ya ngombwa’’.

4 Umurongo watanzwe uvuga ko “ Ikimenyetso cya “expertise médicale” (raporo ya muganga) gishobora kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso ariko sicyo nshinganwa Urukiko rushingiraho kugira ngo ruce urubanza cyane cyane mu gihe uwakoze icyaha abyiyemerera kandi agasobanura inzira zose yanyuzemo kugirango abigereho. N’iyo “expertise médicale” yaba ihari ntiboha umucamanza ku buryo agomba kuyigenderaho byanze bikunze”.

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[22] Naho ingingo ya 51 y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, iteganya ko ’’ Buri rupapuro rw’inyandikomvugo rushyirwaho umukono n’Umugenzacyaha cyangwa Umushinjacyaha n’uwabajijwe. Uwabajijwe asabwa gusoma imvugo ye uko yanditswe nyuma akayishyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe iyo ayemeye. Iyo atazi gusoma, baramusomera. Iyo yanze cyangwa adashobora gushyiraho umukono cyangwa igikumwe, byandikwa mu nyandikomvugo. [23] Isesengura ry’ibivugwa mu gace ka nyuma k’ingingo ya 50 n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 51, ryumvikanisha ko inyandikomvugo zishyirwaho umukono n’Umugenzacyaha cyangwa Umushinjacyaha, zikanashyirwaho umukono cyangwa igikumwe n’ubajijwe, rikanumvikanisha ko inyandikomvugo zitariho imikono ya ngombwa zidahabwa agaciro, keretse igihe handitswe impamvu ubajijwe atashyize umukono cyangwa igikumwe ku nyandikomvugo ye. [24] Mu kuvuga ko kwemera icyaha kwa Niyomugabo kutabayeho, we n’umwunganira babishingira ku kuba atarashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo z’ibazwa rye zirimo ibyo yemeye. [25] Muri dosiye harimo koko inyandikomvugo za Niyomugabo mu nzego z’iperereza, aho yemeye ko yasambanyije T.C anavuga aho yamusambanyirije. Bigaragara ariko ko nta mukono cyangwa igikumwe yashyize ku nyandikomvugo yo mu Bugenzacyaha kandi nta mpamvu yagaragajwe yatumye bidakorwa, mu gihe mu nyandikomvugo yo mu Bushinjacyaha handitswe ko atasinye kubera kwirinda ikwirakwiza ry’icyorezo cya covid. [26] Urukiko rwUbujurire rurasanga rero kuba nta mukono Niyomugabo yashyize ku nyandikomvugo yo mu Bugenzacyaha kandi nta mpamvu itanzwe, iyo nyandikomvugo nta gaciro yahabwa hashingiwe ku isesengura ryakozwe ku birebana n’ingingo ya 50 n’iya 51 z’Itegeko Nº059/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru. [27] Urukiko rurasanga ariko ku birebana n’inyandikomvugo Niyomugabo yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha, ntacyabuza ko ibiyikubiyemo bihabwa agaciro, kuko kuba nta mukono we uriho byatangiwe impamvu kandi ibyo bikaba bihura n’ibivugwa ku gika cya 2 cy’ingingo ya 51 yavuzwe haruguru, kuko kudashyira umukono cyangwa igikumwe ku nyandikomugo ye byatewe n’ingamba zo kwirinda covid-19 nk’uko byanditswe muri iyo nyandikomvugo. Naho ibyo we n’umwunganira bavuga ko bitatewe na covid-19 ngo kuko abandi babajijwe bashize imikono ku nyandikomvugo zabo, Urukiko rurasanga ikigomba kurebwa ari uko Umushinjacyaha yanditse impamvu Niyomugabo atashyize umukono ku nyandikomvugo ye nk’uko Itegeko ribisaba, akaba kandi atagereranwa n’abandi babajijwe bagashyira imikono ku nyandikomvuzo zabo kuko batabarijwe igihe kimwe, kuko we yabajijwe muri Mutarama 2001 abandi barabajijwe muri Kamena 2020, kandi nk’uko bizwi ingamba zo kwirinda covid-19 zikaba zaragiye zihinduka. [28] Urukiko rurasanga rero, kwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha kutateshwa agaciro n’uko atashyize umukono cyangwa igikumwe ku nyandikomvugo ye. [29] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibivugwa na Niyomugabo n’umwunganira ko kwemera kwe kwagombye gushyigikirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso kugira ngo kube kwashingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu gusesengura icyo Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwashatse kuvuga, mu rubanza RPAA 00224/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28/02/2023, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Rutayisire Aubin, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rutashatse kuvuga ko igihe cyose

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uregwa wari wemeye ibikorwa aregwa mu rwego rw’iperereza akabihakana mu Rukiko, Ubushinjacyaha bugomba byanze bikunze gushaka ibindi bimenyetso bishimangira ukwemera kwe, ko ahubwo Umucamanza afite ishingano yo gusuzumana ubushishozi ibyo uregwa yemeye mu rwego rw’iperereza harebwe ibikorwa aregwa, igihe asanga ukwo kwemera kudashidikanywaho, akabiha agaciro ashingiye ku mutima nama we (intime conviction)5. [30] Ku birebana no kwemera icyaha Niyomugabo yakoreye mu Bushinjacyaha, Urukiko rurasanga n’ubwo inyandikomvugo yo mu Bugenzacyaha itahawe agaciro ku mpamvu zasobanuwe haruguru, bigaragara ariko ko ibyo yari yemeye ko yasambanyije T.C akanavuga ko yamusambanyirije mu kabande bagiye kwahira ubwatsi ko kandi yakoresheje agakingirizo, ari nako yabyemeye mu Bushinjacyaha, kuko naho yemeye ko yasambanyirije uwo mwana mu kabande kandi ko yakoresheje agakingirizo, anavuga ko abisabira imbabazi. [31] Urukiko rurasanga rero nta cyatuma ibyo yemeye bidashingirwaho mu kumuhamya icyaha, kuko adasobanura uburyo Umushinjacyaha yari kumenya ibikubiye mu nyandikomvugo ye, nk’aho yasambanyirije T.C no kuba yarakoresheje agakingirizo, ndetse mubyo yavuze, birimo aho yavuze ko yasambanyirije T.C (hafi y’akabande), akaba abihurizaho na nyina w’uwo mwana kuko yavuze ko uwo mwana yamubwiye ko yamusambanyirije hepfo yo ku gifunzo. [32] Urukiko rurasanga kandi uretse ibyo Niyomugabo yemeye, hari n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya babajijwe, barimo Iriho Alexis na Mukarusanga Alexia. Nubwo ntawavuze ko yabonye Niyomugabo asambanya T.C, imvugo zabo zihuriza ku kuba nyuma yo kumva amakuru y’uko yasambanyijwe, bamubajije akabemerera ko yasambanyijwe na Niyomugabo ubwo bari bagiye kwahira ubwatsi, bigahura n’ibyo nawe yemeye, bityo nubwo byatangiye ari inkuru, yaravuyemo ubuhamya burebana n’isambanywa rya T.C, kandi mu rwego rwo gushaka ukuri kw’ibyabaye ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha, hakaba hadashingirwa gusa ku buhamya bw’ababonye icyaha gikorwa kuko akenshi ibyaha bikorerwa mu bwihisho, ahubwo hashobora no gushingirwa ku buhamya bushingiye ku mabwire (preuve par ouï-dire) cyangwa ubuhamya buziguye (preuve indirecte) iyo bushyigikiwe n’ibindi bimenyetso bituma bwizerwa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza RPA/Gén 00002/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/07/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twahirwa François6; nk’uko kandi byavuzwe haruguru,ubwo buhamya bukaba bushyikigirwa n’ibyo Sibomana yiyemereye [33] Naho kuba raporo ya muganga nta kimenyetso yagaragaje cy’uko T.C yasambanyijwe, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuye n’umucamanza wo ku rwego rwa mbere, kuba raporo ntacyo yagaragaje bitavanaho ko uwo mwana yasambanyijwe, kuko yasuzumwe hashize igihe kinini bitewe n’uko ntawahise akurikirana icyo kibazo, byumvikana ko nta kimenyetso muganga yari kubona kirebana n’isambanywa rye. Byongeye kandi raporo ya muganga sicyo kimenyetso kamara ku birebana n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza RPAA

5 Uwo murongo wakurikijwe mu zindi manza, harimo urubanza RPAA 00480/2023/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/02/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twizeyimana Jean de Dieu (igika cya 18).

6 Uwo murongo ukaba waranakurikijwe mu zindi manza zaciwe uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00056/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/09/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uwanyagasani Vedaste (igika cya 25).

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00433/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 22/01/2024 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Ayingeneye Butsuri François. [34] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu z’ubujurire bwa Niyomugabo nta shingiro zifite, kuko kwemera icyaha kwe n’ubuhamya bwashingiweho ari ibimenyeto bimuhamya icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, bityo hakaba hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe, hakanagumaho igifungo cy’imyaka 19 yahanishijwe kuko cyagabanyijwe mu buryo buhagije III. ICYEMEZO CY’ URUKIKO [35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyomugabo Emmanuel alias Rasta nta shingiro bufite; [36] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza RPA 00259/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru/Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 28/02/2025 idahindutse; [37] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’icyenda (19) Niyomugabo Emmanuel alias Rasta yahanishijwe kigumyeho.