UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMUKIZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMUKIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-09-29 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00013/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYOMUKIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RPAA 00013/2021/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 29 Nzeri 2022] Amategeko agenga imiburanishize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshya cyaha – Kuba nta bindi byaha uwahamwe n’icyaha yakurikiranyweho mbere, imyaka y’uwakoze icyaha by’umwihariko ukigera mu myaka y’ubukure kuva kuri 18 kugeza kuri 21, bishobora gufatwa nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha.. Incamake y’icyibazo: Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyasha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 7. Mu Bugenzacyaha uregwa yemeye ko yasambanyije uwo mwana amushukishije igiceri cy’amafaranga 100, ariko ko se w’uwo mwana akabatesha atararangiza (atarasohora). Ageze mu Bushinjacyaha naho yemeye icyaha avuga ko yashukishije uwo mwana amafaranga 100, ko yamusambanyije nk’iminota itanu ariko se akabatesha. Ageze imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma yaburanye avuga ko yashutse uwo mwana ngo basambane arabimwemerera amujyana mu nzu, ariko amaze kwiyambura imyenda ataragira icyo akora, se w’uwo mwana yahise ahagera arabatesha. Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7) rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze kuko yateshejwe ataragikora, bigashimangirwa n’uko nta raporo ya muganga yakozwe, ko ahubwo abamureze bose bari bafitanye ibibazo, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite ko urubanza rujuririrwa rudahindutse. Uregwa yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kandi yaremeye icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, asobanura ko yajuriye kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano yahawe hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere agwa mu cyaha no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, ko iryo gabanya ryashingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 04/12/2019 rwemeje ko mu gihe umuntu yemeye icyaha ntagabanyirizwe igihano, biba binyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga. Mu iburanisha, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Niyomukiza nta shingiro ifite kuko ibivugwa na NNiyomukiza Jean de la Croix ko yemeye icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, atari byo, kuko bigaragara ko yaburanye avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, ko n’abamurega bose bafitanye ibibazo, bivuze rero ko ibyo asaba uru Rukiko ari bishya kandi bikaba bitemewe gusuzumwa kurwego rw’ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Uwemera icyaha agomba gusobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa ho uko icyaha cyakozwe, kandi ukwemera yakoreye mu nzego z’iperereza agomba kugushimangira imbere y’umucamanza uburanisha mu mizi. Bityo nta kwemera icyaha Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yakoze kwashingirwaho ngo abe yagabanyirizwa igihano. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rujuririrwa ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ingingo ya 133, igika cya 3 Imanza zashingiwe ho: Urubanza nº RS/INCOST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS-RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/02/2021,

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Urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC Ubushinjacyaha v Niyonsaba rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/01/2022 Urubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Nsakara na bagenzi be, Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yarezwe n’Ubushinjacyasha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 7 wahawe izina rya M.S cyakozwe ku wa ku wa 21/10/2018 saa moya z’ijoro amutegeye mu nzira ubwo yari avuye kuvoma amushukishije amafaranga. Mu Bugenzacyaha Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yemeye ko yasambanyije uwo mwana amushukishije igiceri cy’amafaranga 100, ariko ko se w’uwo mwana yabatesheje atararangiza (atarasohora). Mu Bushinjacyaha naho yemeye icyaha avuga ko yashukishije uwo mwana amafaranga 100, ko yamusambanyije nk’iminota itanu ariko se akabatesha. Bigaragara ko imbere y’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngoma Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yaburanye avuga ko yashutse uwo mwana ngo basambane arabimwemerera amujyana mu nzu, ko ariko amaze kwiyambura imyenda ataragira icyo akora, se w’uwo mwana yahise ahagera arabatesha. [2] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RP 00601/2018/TGI/NGOMA ku wa 20/11/2018, rwemeza ko Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka irindwi (7), rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu, rusobanura ko ibyo aburanisha ko yari agiye gusambanya uwo mwana agateshwa na se nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu nzego z’iperereza yemeye icyaha avuga ko yasambanyije uwo mwana nk’iminota itanu, ko kandi nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RPAA 0042/07/CS haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habimana Alexandre, ibyo yemeye muri izo nzego z’iperereza bishobora gushingirwaho n’ubwo yageze imbere y’Urukiko akabihindura Rwasanze kandi hari n’abatangabuhamya bamushinja ko yasambanyije uwo mwana ndetse na raporo y’inzego z’ibanze. [3] Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze kuko yateshejwe ataragikora, bigashimangirwa n’uko nta raporo ya muganga yakozwe, ko ahubwo abamureze bose bari bafitanye ibibazo. [4] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00738/2018/HC/RWG ku wa 30/06/2020, rusanga Urukiko rwa mbere rwarashingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix gushimangirwa n’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya, raporo y’inzego z’ibanze hamwe na raporo ya muganga wasuzumye umwana, ko nta kimenyetso Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix agaragaza cyatuma imikirize y’urwo rubanza ihinduka, maze rwemeza ko hagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe. [5] Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano kandi yaremeye icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru. [6] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 13/09/2022 Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yunganirwa na Me Rugeyo Jean, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ntawangundi Béatrice, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. II. IKIBAZO KIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYACYO Kumenya niba Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yagabanyirizwa igihano

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[7] Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix avuga ko yajuriye kugira ngo agabanyirizwe igihano yahawe hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, kuba ari ubwa mbere agwa mu cyaha no kuba yari asanzwe yitwara neza, ko iryo gabanya ryashingira ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/INCONST/SPEC 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 04/12/2019 rwemeje ko mu gihe umuntu yemeye icyaha ntagabanyirizwe igihano, biba binyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga. [8] Me Rugeyo Jean, avuga ko icyo banenga imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe ari uko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yemeye ibikorwa bigize icyaha ariko urwo Rukiko ntirumugabanyirize igihano, ko n’ubwo atemeranyaga n’Ubushijacyaha ndetse n’Urukiko ku nyito y’icyaha yakoze ariko yemeye ibikorwa bikigize kuko yemeye ko yashutse uwo mwana anemera ko yateshejwe na se w’uwo mwana. Asaba ko hashingirwa ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwaburanye na Nzafashwanimana maze uwo yunganira akagabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahawe. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Niyomukiza nta shingiro ifite kuko ntacyo anenga imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye, ngo agaragaze amakosa yifuza ko yakosorwa nkuko biteganya n’ingingo ya 183 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ko kandi nk’uko iyo ngingo ibyumvikanisha ubujurire bugomba gushingira ku byaburanishijwe mu rubanza rwa mbere, ko ingingo itaraburanishijwe ifatwa nk’ingingo nshya idafite aho ihuriye n’urubanza rujuririrwa, ko ikigenderewe mu bujurire ari ukugaragaza amakosa ari mu rubanza rujuririrwa kugira ngo akosorwe nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00499/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Evariste; ko rero bitari mu nshingano z’Urukiko rwajuririwe gusuzuma bushya urubanza kuko rushinzwe gukosora amakosa aba yarakozwe mu gihe uwajuriye ashoboye kuyagaragaza. [10] Avuga kandi ko ibivugwa na Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix ko yemeye icyaha mu Rukiko Rukuru, atari byo, kuko bigaragara ko yaburanye avuga ko nta cyaha yakoze, ko n’abamurega bose bafitanye ibibazo, bivuze rero ko ibyo asaba uru Rukiko ari bishya kandi bikaba bitemewe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [11] Ikibazo kiri mu rubanza ni icyo kumenya niba Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yaremeye icyaha ariko ntagabanyirizwe igihano cy’igifungo cya burundi yahanishijwe. [12] Ku birebana n’igifungo cya burundi kidashobora kugabanywa cyateganywaga n’ingingo ya 133, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu rubanza rubanza nº RS/INCOST/SPEC 00005/2020/CS-RS/INCONST/SPEC 00006/2020/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 12/02/2021, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ago gace k’iyo ngingo nta gaciro gafite kubera ko kanyuranye n’Itegeko nshinga, bikaba bivuze ko igihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyha igifungo cya burundu kivugwa muri iyo ngingo gishobora kugabanywa nk’uko byongeye gusobanurwa n’urwo Rukiko mu rubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC .1 [13] Ku birebana n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 58 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, iteganya ko umucamanza ubwe ari we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Ingingo ya 59 y’iryo tegeko iteganya zimwe mu mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza, harimo nk’iyo ushinjwa, mbere yo gukurikiranwa, yemeye icyaha akagisabira imbabazi

1 Reba urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 28/01/2022

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uwo yakoreye icyaha n’umuryango nyarwanda mu buryo budashidikanywa (…), kuba mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa. [14] Ku birebana no kwemera icyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabisobanuye mu rubanza n⁰ RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022, aho rwavuze ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko ukurikiranweho icyaha acyemera, agomba kuba yarabikoze mu buryo budashidikanywaho igihe cy’iperereza cyangwa mu Rukiko ruburanisha mu mizi, ko byumvikanisha ko ibyavuzwe n’ukurikiranywe icyaha mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemera icyaha aregwa, agomba kubishimangira imbere y’Umucamanza uburanisha mu mizi, agaragaza ko agiye kuburana yemera icyaha aregwa, agasobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa uko cyakozwe, ko ariko mu gihe yisubiyeho akaburana ahakana icyaha bitabuza Umucanaza kubishingiraho.2 [15] Ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza byumvikanisha ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi : uwemera icyaha agomba gusobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa uko icyaha cyakozwe, ko kandi ukwemera yakoreye mu nzego z’iperereza agomba kugushimangira imbere y’umucamanza uburanisha mu mizi [16] Ku birebana na Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix, dosiye igaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemeye icyaha anasobanura uko cyakozwe nk’uko byibukijwe mu gika cya mbere cy’uru rubanza, ariko bigaragara ko ageze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Ngomba ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Rwamagana, yaburanye avuga ko nta gikorwa cyo gusambanya uwo mwana cyabayeho kuko yateshejwe na se w’uwo mwana. Urukiko rurasanga rero, ataremeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa ahubwo bigaragara ko yashatse kugihunga avuga ko yateshejwe igikorwa nyiri izina kitaraba, mu gihe mu nzego z’iperereza yasobanuye neza ko yasambanyije uwo mwana nk’iminota itanu, ibyo kandi yemeye bikaba bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’umwana wasambayijwe kuko yasobanuye ko yamuryamye hejuru akamusambanya, ko ariko se yaje kuhagera maze Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix akamuva hejuru akiruka. Ibyo binashimangirwa kandi na raporo ya muganga wasuzumye uwo mwana kuko yagaragaje ko hari ibimenyetso ko yasambanyijwe. [17] Ku bivugwa n’uwunganira Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix ko yemeye ibikorwa bigize icyaha, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, uwemera icyaha agomba gusobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa uko cyakozwe, bikaba bigaragara ko igihe cy’iperereza Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yasobanuye uko yasambanyije uwo mwana ariko ageze mu rukiko aburana avuga ko icyo gikorwa cyo gusambanya kitabayeho, mu gihe nyamara ibyo yari yemeye binashimangirwa n’ibindi bimenyetso yagombaga kubikomeza imbere y’Umucamanza kugira ngo bibe byamugirira akamaro. Urukiko rurasanga rero, nta kwemera icyaha Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yakoze kwashingirwaho ngo abe yagabanyirizwa igihano. [18] Urukiko rurasanga ariko n’ubwo muri uru rubanza ukwemera icyaha kutashingirwaho nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, hari izindi mpamvu zashingirwaho nk’ubo byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, harimo kuba nta bindi byaha uwahamwe n’icyaha yakurikiranyweho mbere, imyaka y’uwakoze icyaha by’umwihariko ukigera mu myaka y’ubukure kuva kuri 18 kugeza kuri 21.3 [19] Urukiko rusanga ku birebana na Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix, kuba nta kigaragaza ko hari bindi byaha yakurikiranyweho mbere, bikanagaragara ko icyaha gikorwa yari afite imyaka 20, bivuze ko ubu afite imyaka 24, hashingirwa kuri izo mpamvu akaba yahabwa amahirwe yo guhanishwa igifungo kimara igihe kizwi kugira ngo nyuma yo gutekereza ku cyaha yakoze no kugororwa azasubire muri sosiyete agifite imbaraga zo kugira icyo yimarira anakimarire igihugu, bityo igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kikaba gisimbujwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umwei (11).

2 Urubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte alias Nsakara na bagenzi be, ibika bya 140-141 3 urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RP 00003/2019/SC, op.cit

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ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix bugamije kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera kwemera icyaha nta shingiro bufite; [21] Rwemeje ko ku mpamvu Urukiko rwasobanuye haruguru, igifungo cya burundu Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix yari yahanishijwe gisimbujwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’umwe (11); [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza nº RPA 00738/2018/HC/RWG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana ku wa 30/06/2020 ihindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano; [23] Rwemeje ko amagarama y’urubanza aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta kubera ko Niyomukiza Jean de la Croix afunze, akaba asonewe kuyatanga.