NIYONAGIZE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

# NIYONAGIZE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-12-23 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00111/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIYONAGIZE v. UBUSHINJACYAHA

[Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00111/2023/CA (Rutazana, P.J.,) 23 Ukuboza 2025] Amategeko agenga ibyaha n’ibihano – Icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana – Gusaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano – Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Niyonagize Martin yafashwe n’inzego z’umutekano akekwaho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka itandatu (6) witwa M.S; maze Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. Niyonagize Martin yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko uwo mwana M.S yamusanze mu cyumba hanyuma aramusambanya, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku bimenyetso bitandukanye, rwemeje ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 6 y’amavuko, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Niyonagize yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu kandi yemera icyaha, bityo asaba Urukiko gushingira kuri uko kwemera icyaha, maze rukamugabanyiriza igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko mu rubanza rwajuririwe Niyonagize yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu kuko umwana yasambanyije yari atarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, kandi ukwemera icyaha kwe kukaba gushidikanywaho ku bijyanye n’inshuro yamusambanyije, kuko avuga ko yamusambanyije inshuro imwe mu gihe umwana ndetse n’abatangabuhamya bavuga inshuro 3, ariko ko yagabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu manza. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00291/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru (Ubushinjacyaha v. Abayisenga Joséph), rwemeje ko Niyonagize Martin agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, kuko kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho akanagisabira imbabazi, ndetse akomeza no kucyemera imbere y’Urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi akaba nta kindi cyaha kizwi yigeze akurikiranwaho. Niyonagize Martin n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano kuko cyavanywe ku gifungo cya burundu kikagezwa ku gifungo

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cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), n’ubundi icyo yahanishijwe gihanitse; bagasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire guca inkoni izamba rukongera kumugabanyiriza igihano ahaganishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10 hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba ryaracyemeye kuva agifatwa, kuba umwana yasambanyije yari afite imyaka 12 y’amavuko, no kuba nawe yarakoze icyaha ari umwana kandi akaba yaramaze kwikosora. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite kuko Urukiko Rukuru, rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akora icyaha kandi akaba acyemera; naho ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko uregwa avuga ko yakoze icyaha akiri umwana, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta shingiro ifite kuko yari afite imyaka 20, mu rwego rw’amategeko akaba yari mukuru, bityo ko izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitagomba kongera gusuzumwa. Uru Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Niyonagize yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, gishobora kongera kugabanywa. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko kuba uregwa yakoze icyaha akiva mu myaka y’ubuto kuko yari afite imyaka 20, bityo akaba yari akiri mu kigero kirangwa ahanini no gukubagana, kugerageza ibintu bitandukanye ndetse n’ubushishozi bucye mu byo bakora, asambanya umwana ufite imyaka 6 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha mu buryo buzwi; bityo mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bumwe ku bibazo bijya gusa, nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko kuko we yaburanye yemera icyaha, akaba akwiriye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo, cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be; rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022; Urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 23/10/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Ku wa 27/03/2020, umubyeyi (nyina) w’umwana w’umukobwa witwa M.S1 wari ufite imyaka 6 y’amavuko (kuko yavutse ku wa 18/01/2014) yamenye amakuru y’uko kuri uwo munsi uwo mwana we yiriwe afite 1.000 Frw, kandi ko yayavunjishije akaguramo irindazi, amubajije aho yayakuye amubwira ko yayahawe n’uwitwa Niyonagize Martin (bahuje se) amaze kumusamabanya ubwo yari amusanze kwa nyirakuru ubyara se, aho uyu Niyonagize Martin yari asanzwe aba. Nyina wa M.S yahise abimenyesha ubuyobozi, bumugira inama yo guhita ajyana umwana kwa muganga. [2] Niyonagize Martin nawe yahise afatwa, akekwaho icyaha cyo gusambanya M.S; iperereza rirangiye Ubushinjacyaha bumurega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, busaba ko ahamwa n’icyo cyaha agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu. [3] Niyonagize Martin yaburanye yemera icyaha aregwa, asobanura ko uwo mwana M.S yamusanze mu cyumba hanyuma aramusambanya, asaba imbabazi no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza RP 00119/2020/TGI/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi ku wa 09/06/2020, rwemeje ko Niyonagize Martin ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 6 y’amavuko, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Ibyo Urukiko rwabyemeje rushingiye ku bimenyetso bikurikira: ukwemera icyaha Niyonagize Martin yakoreye mu Bugenzacyaha, mu Bushinjacyaha n’imbere y’Urukiko, imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Barihuta Athanase na Nsabimana Innocent bamushinja, na raporo ya muganga yo ku wa 28/03/2020 igaragaza ko umwana M.S yasambanyijwe. [5] Niyonagize Martin yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, avuga ko yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu kandi yemera icyaha, asaba Urukiko gushingira kuri uko kwemera icyaha no ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 59, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, rukamugabanyiriza igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yavuze ko mu rubanza rwajuririwe Niyonagize Martin yahanishijwe igifungo cya burundu kuko umwana yasambanyije yari atarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko, kandi ukwemera icyaha kwe kukaba gushidikanywaho ku bijyanye n’inshuro yamusambanyije, kuko Niyonagize Martin avuga ko yamusambanyije inshuro imwe mu gihe umwana ndetse n’abatangabuhamya bavuga inshuro 3. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha cyakora yasabye Urukiko kugabanyiriza Niyonagize Martin igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00029/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/04/2022, aho uwitwa Abayisenga Joséph na we wari ukurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka 14 y’amavuko yagabanyirijwe igihano, agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 kuko yemeraga icyaha, aho kuba igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe mu nkiko zabanje. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 00211/2020/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 12/01/2023, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPAA 00291/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru (Ubushinjacyaha v. Abayisenga Joséph), rwemeje ko Niyonagize Martin agabanyirizwa igihano agahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20, kuko kuva agifatwa yemeye icyaha

1 Iri ni izina yahawe muri uru rubanza mu rwego rwo kurinda umwirondoro we

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mu buryo budashidikanywaho akanagisabira imbabazi, ndetse akomeza no kucyemera imbere y’Urukiko ku rwego rwa mbere, kandi akaba nta kindi cyaha kizwi yigeze akurikiranwaho. [8] Niyonagize Martin yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwe bwandikwa kuri RPAA 00111/2023/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 04/12/2025 yunganiwe na Me Komezusenge Jacques, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwanziga Lydia, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [9] Mu bujurire bwe Niyonagize Martin n’umwunganira bavuga ko yahanishijwe igihano gihanitse, agasaba ko kigabanywa hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba ryaracyemeye kuva agifatwa, kuba umwana yasambanyije yari afite imyaka 12 y’amavuko, no kuba nawe yarakoze icyaha ari umwana kandi akaba yaramaze kwikosora. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyonagize Martin nta shingiro bufite, kuko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano rushingiye ku kuba ari ubwa mbere akora icyaha kandi akaba acyemera, bityo izi mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikaba zitakongera gushingirwaho agabanyirizwa igihano; naho ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha y’uko Niyonagize Martin avuga ko yakoze icyaha akiri umwana, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko nta shingiro ifite kuko yari afite imyaka 20. [11] Urukiko rurasuzuma ikibazo cyo kumenya niba igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20) Niyonagize Martin yahanishijwe kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka itandatu (6) y’amavuko, gishobora kongera kugabanywa. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba igihano Niyonagize Martin yahanishijwe gishobora kongera kugabanywa [12] Niyonagize Martin n’umwunganira bavuga ko n’ubwo Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwamugabanyirije igihano kuko cyavanywe ku gifungo cya burundu kikagezwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri (20), n’ubundi icyo yahanishijwe gihanitse; bagasaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire guca inkoni izamba rukongera kumugabanyiriza igihano ahaganishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 10, kuko ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba yaracyemeye kuva agifatwa n’ubu akaba acyemera, kuba umwana yasambanyije yari afite imyaka 12 y’amavuko aho kuba imyaka itandatu 6 y’amavuko nk’uko Ubushinjacyaha bubivuga, no kuba nawe yarakoze icyaha ari umwana kandi akaba yaramaze kwikosora. Bavuga ko ibyo basaba babishingira ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 58 n’iya 59 z’Itegeko N˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, no ku manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko aho rwemeje ko buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose yemererwe kugabanya igihano mu bushishozi bwe. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyonagize Martin nta shingiro bukwiriye guhabwa, kuko mu rubanza yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasuzumye impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zijyanye no kuba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi akaba acyemera akanagisabira imbabazi maze ruzishingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 20 aho kuba igifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe ku nzego zibanza, bityo rero izo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha zikaba zidashobora kongera gusuzumwa

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hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza RPA 0129/15/CS haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mpitabakana, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zitaweho mu Rukiko rubanza zitongera gushingirwaho mu kugabanya igihano mu rukiko rwajuririwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga kandi ko kuba Niyonagize Martin avuga ko yakoze icyaha nawe akiri umwana nta shingiro bifite kuko yari afite imyaka 20, bityo mu rwego rw’amategeko akaba yari mukuru. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igifungo cy’imyaka 20 Niyonagize Martin yahanishiwje n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, kubera icyaha yahamijwe cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 6 y’amavuko, gishobora kongera kugabanywa kuri uru rwego. [15] Mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be (mu bika bya 252- 254), Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwasobanuye ko iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye, uretse gusa kuvuga ko atagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha n’ingaruka zacyo (……), cyakora mu bujurire Umucamanza akaba agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu Rukiko rubanza ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo Rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga igihano. Uyu murongo kandi wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, mu ziheruka gucibwa harimo urubanza RPAA 01400/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 23/10/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Twagirayezu Aimable (igika cya 33). [16] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, Niyonagize Martin nawe nta kindi anenga urubanza yajuririye uretse gusa kuvuga ko igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yahanishijwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe gihanitse, agasaba ko kigabanywa. Hashingiwe ku murongo wagaragajwe mu gika kibanziriza iki, Urukiko rurasuzuma uburemere bw’icyaha cyakozwe na Niyonagize Martin n’ingaruka cyagize, runasuzume niba ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, kigereranyijwe n’ibyatanzwe mu zindi manza zijya gusa n’urwe. [17] Uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu zindi manza rwaciye ku bantu bari mu kigero kimwe n’icya Niyonagize Martin basambanyije abana bari mu kigero kingana cyangwa kijya kungana n’icya M.S yasambanyije, rwarabagabanyirije igihano rukajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 we yahanishijwe. Mu ziherutse gucibwa harimo nk’urubanza RPAA 01437/2024/CA rwaciwe ku wa 19/09/2025, aho uwitwa Mugesera Damien wahamijwe icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana yakoze afite imyaka 19, asambanya umwana wari ufite imyaka 7 y’amavuko, yahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka 17 hashingiwe ku kuba yaragikoze ari bwo akiva bwana kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari ahamwe n’icyaha mu buryo buzwi. [18] Muri uru rubanza Niyonagize Martin nawe yakoze icyaha akiva mu myaka y’ubuto kuko yari afite imyaka 20, bityo akaba yari akiri mu kigero kirangwa ahanini no gukubagana, kugerageza ibintu bitandukanye ndetse n’ubushishozi bucye mu byo bakora, asambanya umwana ufite imyaka 6 y’amavuko, kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere ahamwe n’icyaha mu buryo buzwi; bityo rero, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu rwego rwo gutanga ubutabera bumwe ku bibazo bijya

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gusa, Niyonagize Martin nawe akwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, ariko kuko we yaburanye yemera icyaha, akaba akwiriye guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyonagize Martin bufite ishingiro. [20] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00211/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 12/01/2023 ruhindutse ku birebana n’igihano. [21] Rwemeje ko Niyonagize Martin ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itandatu (16). [22] Ruvuze ko Niyonagize Martin asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.