UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONZIMA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONZIMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-02-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00606/2021/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONZIMA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00606/2021/CA (Rukundakuvuga, P.J.) 21 Gashyantare 2025] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso – Uwatanze ikirego cyangwa uzamuye ikibazo mu rubanza afite inshingano yo kubitangira ibimenyetso, iyo atanze ibyo bimenyetso uwo baburana nawe afite inshingano zo gutanga ibibivuguruza yireguza. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Ubujurire – Iyakirwa ry’impamvu z’ubujurire – Impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibuhe by’ubujurire ntizakirwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Niyonzima yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana w’imyaka 13 akamutera inda, nyuma yo gukora iperereza bumuregera Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, aburana yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Niyonzima ahamwa n’icyaha rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Atakishimiye ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rumugabanyiriza igihano, rumukura ku gifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha. Niyonzima yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, mu iburanisha Ubushinjacyaha butanga inzitizi ko yajuriye ku gihe ariko ntiyatanga imyanzuro y’ubujurire igaragaza icyo anenga urubanza, aza kuyitanga impitagihe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe n’umwunganizi we. Niyonzima yireguye kuri iyo nzitizi avuga ubujurire bwe bwuzuye kuko ajurira yatanze ibaruwa y’ubujurire iri kumwe n’imyanzuro igaragaza impamvu ze z’ubujurire, ariko ubuyobozi bwa Gereza ntibwayishyira muri IECMS ahubwo hashyirwamo ibaruwa yonyine. Avuga ko atibonye ku rutonde rw’abantu bajuriye ku gihe kandi yaratanze umwanzuro n’ibaruwa iwuherekeje, bityo ko kuba hagaragara ibaruwa yonyine umwanzuro ntuboneke ari amakosa ya Gereza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Uwatanze ikirego cyangwa uzamuye ikibazo mu rubanza afite inshingano yo kubitangira ibimenyetso, iyo atanze ibyo bimenyetso uwo baburana nawe afite inshingano zo gutanga ibibivuguruza yireguza. Icyakora umucamanza ashobora gutegeka umwe mu baburanyi cyangwa undi wese kuba yagaragaza ikimenyetso runaka iyo bigaragaye ko ariwe ugifite. 2. Impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ntizakirwa. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso, ingingo ya 4.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00047/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha bwa Gisirikare vs Maj (Rtd) Mudathiru Habib alias Mussa rwaciwe ku wa 09/06/2023.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 11/02/2019, Niyonzima Fulgence bita papa Hope yaketsweho kuba mu bihe bitandukanye byo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2018 yarasambanyije umwana w’umukobwa witwa G.C.1 w’imyaka 13 y’amavuko, akamutera n’inda. Nyuma yo gukora iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana. Niyonzima Fulgence yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi, ariko akavuga ko imyaka y’uwo mwana ishobora kuba irenga 14. [2] Mu rubanza RP 00461/2019/TGI/GSBO, rwaciwe ku wa 23/10/2019, Urukiko rushingiye k’ukwemera icyaha kwa Niyonzima Fulgence, gushimangirwa na raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko umwana G.C. yabyaye ari uwa Niyonzima Fulgence, ndetse n’inyandiko y’amavuko ya G.C igaragaza ko yari afite imyaka 13 ubwo yaterwaga inda, rwemeje ko Niyonzima Fulgence, ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana; rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [3] Niyonzima Fulgence, yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha anagisabira imbabazi. Mu bujurire bwe kandi yagaragaje ko uwo mwana yavutse muri 2003, bivuze ko yari afite imyaka 15 ubwo yamusambanyaga aho kuba imyaka 13. Asobanura ndetse ko n’umuryango w’umukobwa warangije kumubabarira, ko rero yahabwa igihano gito kandi kigasubikwa. [4] Mu rubanza RPA 01877/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 09/04/2021, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga uwasambanyijwe yari afite imyaka 13 y’amavuko nk’uko bigaragazwa n’icyemezo cye cy’amavuko. Icyakora urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha rwagabanyirije uregwa igihano, rumukura ku gifungo cya burundu yari yahanishijwe mbere, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20. [5] Niyonzima Fulgence, yajuririye imikirize y’urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 15/01/2025. Uwo munsi ugeze Niyonzima Fulgence yitabye yunganiwe na Me Mbonyimpaye Elias, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Ninahazwa Roselyne, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [6] Muri iryo buranisha Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze inzitizi y’ibihe, buvuga ko Niyonzima Fulgence yajuriye ku gihe ariko ntiyatanga imyanzuro y’ubujurire igaragaza icyo anenga urubanza, aza kuyitanga impitagihe mu mwanzuro w’inyongera watanzwe n’umwunganizi we. Iburanisha ryimuriwe ku wa 17/01/2025 kugirango Ubushinjacyaha busobanure neza ibyerekeye iyo nzitizi n’urundi ruhande rubashe kuyireguraho.

1 Iri ni izina uwakorewe icyaha yahawe mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano

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[7] Niyonzima Fulgence yavuze ko ajurira yatanze ibaruwa y’ubujurire iri kumwe n’imyanzuro igaragaza impamvu ze z’ubujurire, ariko ubuyobozi bwa Gereza ntibwayishyira muri IECMS. Urukiko rutegeka ko hakorwa iperereza muri gereza kugirango hamenyekane uko byagenze. Iburanisha ryagiye ryimurwa mu bihe bitandukanye, irya nyuma rikaba ryarabaye ku wa 11/02/2024 Niyonzima Fulgence yunganiwe na Me Mbonyimpaye Elias, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Butera Oscar, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [8] Muri uru rubanza, harasuzumwa inzitizi yo kumenya niba Niyonzima Fulgence yaratanze impamvu ze z’ubujurire mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Niyonzima Fulgence yaratanze impamvu ze z’ubujurire mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Niyonzima Fulgence yajuriye ku gihe ariko ntiyatanga imyanzuro igaragaza icyo anenga urubanza, aza kuyitanga impitagihe. Asobanura ko Urubanza RPA 01877/2019/HC/KIG Niyonzima Fulgence yajuririye rwaciwe kuwa 09/04/2021 ; kuwa 28/04/2021 atanga ibaruwa y’ubujurire ariko ntiyatanga umwanzuro w’ubujurire ugaragaza inenge z’urubanza ajuririra, ahubwo avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire mu buryo burambuye ziri mu mwanzuro. Umwanzuro ukubiyemo impamvu z’ubujurire waje gutangwa kuwa 27/05/2021 na Me Mbonyimpaye Elias, umwunganira. Uhagarariye ubushijacyaha akavuga ko rero hashingiwe ku byo amategeko ateganya n’imirongo yatanzwe n’uru Rukiko izo mpamvu zidakwiye kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe. [10] Ubushinjacyaha bwasobanuye ko amakuru bwahawe mu nshuro zose bwagiye kuri gereza Niyonzima Fulgence afungiyemo nk’uko biri muri raporo z’iperereza zakozwe agaragaza ko uwajuriye asubizwa inyandiko ze z’ubujurire zimaze guterwaho kashi ko zakiriwe, nyamara Niyonzima Fulgence akaba atarabashije kuzigaragaza ndetse akaba ataranagaragaye ku rutonde ruri mu gitabo kiri imbere muri gereza abafungwa basinyamo iyo bashyikirije bagenzi babo babishinzwe imyanzuro kugira ngo bayibahere ubuyobozi bwa Gereza. Naho ibyo Niyonzima Fulgence avuga ko hari mu gihe cya Covid-19 bakaba batarasubizwaga inyandiko batanze, Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko raporo zavuye mu iperereza muri gereza zigaragaza ko icyahindutse ari uburyo izo nyandiko zatangwagamo ariko ko igihe cyose abafungwa basubizwaga imyanzuro yabo, bityo kuba Niyonzima Fulgence atarabashije kugaragaza ko yaba yaratanze imyanzuro y’ubujurire ku gihe ari amakosa ye. [11] Niyonzima Fulgence n’umwunganizi we bo bavuga ko ajurira yatanze ibaruwa iri kumwe n’umwanzuro wuzuye ariko gereza ntiyawushyira muri IECMS, ahubwo itanga ibaruwa gusa. Bagaragaza ko amakuru yatanzwe na AIP Mbirahiyimana Vedaste, umunyamategeko (legal officer) muri gereza ya Mageragere wavuze ko ntaho bagira bandika ibyo bahawe, kandi ko uwajuriye baba bamusubije inyandiko ze ziteyeho accusé de reception ku buryo aba azi neza ibyo bamutangiye akurikije ibyo yahawe, bitari ukuri kuko uwatanze amakuru ari mushya, ko igihe uwo yunganira yajuriraga atari muri iryo Gororero, ko muri icyo gihe nta mpapuro zinjiraga muri gereza kubera covid19, ndetse n’urubanza rwo muri HC rukaba rwaraburanishirijwe kuri skype.

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[12] Niyonzima Fulgence yashimangiye ko yatanze ubujurire bwuzuye ku wa 28/04/2021 ndetse bwandikwa mu gitabo. Avuga ko nawe kuwa 8/02/2025 yigiriye gushaka ushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa mu ishami ry’ubutabera amwereka igitabo cya 2021, abona harimo izina rye ariko kandi hatanditse ko umwanzuro awusubijwe, ariko akaza gutangazwa no kuba ubwo umwunganizi we n’Umushinjacyaha bajyaga kuri gereza bo bataramubonye ku rutonde rw’abajuriye kuri iyo taliki, muri icyo gitabo. [13] Niyonzima Fulgence n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umufungwa ushinzwe unité juridique witwa Mugabutwaza Munyeshyaka Vincent wavuze ko nta muntu ushobora kujurira atanze umwanzuro gusa nta baruwa iwuherekeje, kuba umwanzuro we utarabashije kuboneka ari amakosa ya gereza adakwiye kumugiraho ingaruka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba Niyonzima Fulgence yafatwa nk’uwatanze impamvu z’ubujurire ku gihe kabone n’ubwo umwanzuro zikubiyemo utabashije kuboneka. [15] Ingingo ya 4 agace ka mbere y’ itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso iteganya ko Urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite. [16] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko uwatanze ikirego cyangwa uzamuye ikibazo mu rubanza afite inshingano yo kubitangira ibimenyetso, iyo atanze ibyo bimenyetso uwo baburana nawe afite inshingano zo gutanga ibibivuguruza yireguza. Icyakora umucamanza ashobora gutegeka umwe mu baburanyi cyangwa undi wese kuba yagaragaza ikimenyetso runaka iyo bigaragaye ko ariwe ugifite. [17] Mu bujurire Niyonzima Fulgence yashyikiriye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/04/2021 hagaragaramo gusa ibaruwa iriho na kashi ya gereza ariko ikaba idaherekejwe n’umwanzuro urimo impamvu ze z’ubujurire. Niyonzima Fulgence avuga ko iyo baruwa yayitanze iri kumwe n’umwanzuro ariko gereza ikaba itarawushyize muri system. Avuga ko impamvu adafite umwimerere w’ibyo yatanze ari uko yajuriye mu gihe cya Covid-19, ko icyo gihe inyandiko zitasubizwaga abazitanze. [18] AIP Mbirahiyimana Vedaste, umunyamategeko (legal officer) muri gereza ya Mageragere ndetse na Mugabutwaza Munyeshyaka Vincent, umufungwa ushinzwe amategeko muri gereza, babajijwe mu iperereza, bose bahuriza ku kuba utanze umwanzuro awusubizwa uteyeho kashi ya gereza ko wakiriwe2. Mugabutwaza Munyeshyaka Vincent yasobanuye ko abafungwa banyuza ubujurire bwabo mu ishami ry’amategeko bakandikwa mu gitabo, maze abafungwa bari muri iryo shami bakabishyikiriza ubuyobozi bwa gereza, nabwo bugashyiraho kashi, bukabiscanna hanyuma

2 Reba igisubizo ku kibazo cya gatatu mu ibazwa rya AIP MBIRAHIYIMANA Vedaste ryo kuwa 29/01/2025 n’igisubizo cya 6 mu ibazwa rya MUGABUTWAZA MUNYESHYAKA Vincent ryo ku wa 10/02/2025. 3 Reba igisubizo cya 8 mu ibazwa rya MUGABUTWAZA MUNYESHYAKA Vincent.

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bukabibasubiza nabo bakabishyikiriza abajuriye. Yasobanuye ko mu gihe cya covid- 19 icyahindutse ari uko abakora mu ishami ry’amategeko imbere muri gereza batemererwaga gusohoka ngo bajyane izo nyandiko mu buyobozi bwa gereza, ahubwo abacungagereza bazaga kubifatira ku muryango w’aho bafungiye bakanabihagarura3. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga aya makuru yavuye mu iperereza, agaragaza ko uwajuriye ariwe uba ubitse inyandiko zakiriwe na gereza zikubiyemo ubujurire bwe, yaba yarabwitangiye ku giti cye cyangwa yarabinyujije mu ishami ry’amategeko. Byumvikana ko Niyonzima Fulgence ariwe wakagombye kugaragariza urukiko ko gereza yakiriye umwanzuro we ariko ntiwushyire muri dosiye nk’uko abivuga. Nyamara Niyonzima Fulgence ntiyabashije kugaragaza umwimerere w’izo nyandiko yatanze zakiriwe na gereza, cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko kuva ajuriye 2021, yaba yarigeze akurikirana ngo amenye impamvu we atasubijwe inyandiko yatanze zashyizweho kashi ko zakiriwe na gereza nk’uko bigenda ku bandi bose bajuriye (bose basubizwa inyandiko ziriho accusé de reception). [20] Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, Urukiko rukaba rusanga Niyonzima Fulgence atabasha kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire bwe yazitangiye rimwe n’ibaruwa y’ubujurire ku wa 28/04/2021, cyane cyane ko atanagaragaye mu gitabo abandi bafungwa basinyagamo icyo gihe. Nyamara nk’uko byasobanuwe mu gika cya 16 niwe ufite inshingano zo gutanga ibimenyetso by’iyo yireguza ku nzitizi yatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha, ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubujurire. Ku bw’ibyo akaba adashobora gufatwa nk’uwatangize impamvu z’ubujurire bwe, hamwe n’ibaruwa ijurira. [21] Ku bijyanye n’impamvu z’ubujurire zikubiye mu mwanzuro washyizwe muri IECSM ku wa 27/05/2021 na Me Mbonimpaye Elias, umwunganira, uru Rukiko rurasanga nk’uko byasobanuwe mu rubanza rubanziriza urundi RPA 00047/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 09/06/2023 haburana Ubushinajcyaha bwa Gisirikare na Maj (Rtd) Mudathiru Habib alias Mussa, impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire zitagomba kwakirwa. Bityo rero hashingiwe ku kuba urubanza rujuririrwa rwaraciwe ku wa 09/04/2021, Niyonzima Fulgence akajurira ku wa 28/04/2021 ariko ntagaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bika byabanje, ahubwo umwanzuro ugaragaza inenge ziri mu rubanza ugashyikirizwa urukiko ku wa 27/05/2021, izo mpamvu ntizishobora kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe. [22] Hashingiwe ku bimaze gusobanurwa, Urukiko rurasanga ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyonzima Fulgence ku wa 28/04/2021, nta shingiro bufite kuko butagaragaza inenge z’urubanza rujuririrwa. Naho ibikubiye mu mwanzuro w’inyongera bikaba bitakiriwe ngo bisuzumwe kuko byatanzwe impitagihe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeye kwakirwa ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyonzima Fulgence bita papa Hope bubusuzumye busanga nta shingiro bufite ; [24] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01877/2019/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 09/04/2021 rudahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose;

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[25] Rutegetse ko Niyonzima Fulgence bita papa Hope asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.