Re NIYONZIMA

# Re NIYONZIMA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2021-07-09 - Case/document no.: RCA 00002/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NIYONZIMA Re [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCA 00002/2020/CA (Ngagi P.J.) 09 Nyakanga 2021] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize – imanza mbonezamumbano – kwakira ikirego – ubujurire bw’urubanza rusobanura urundi – ubujurire bw’urubanza rusobanura urundi bwakirwa mu gihe n’urubanza rw’iremezo rushobora kujuririrwa – Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Ingingo ya 140. Incamake y’ikibazo:Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, Niyonzima arega Cyuzuzo, asaba ko yahatirwa kubahiriza amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu, ko Cyuzuzo avanwa mu nzu, gutanga indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cya Avoka. Uwitwa Zaninka yagobotse muri urwo rubanza avuga ko inzu iburanwa ari iye, kubera ko ari we yahererejweho mu gihe cy’igabana ry’umutungo wasizwe n’ababyeyi be. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Niyonzima gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko inzu iherereye mu Karere ka Musanze ari iyo Zaninka yahererejweho mu igabana ry’umutungo w’ababyeyi, ko nta mafaranga Niyonzima yishyuye Cyuzuzo bagura inzu, ko ariko Cyuzuzo hari amafaranga agomba kumwishyura baguze ikibanza. Niyonzima yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko Urukiko rwasobanuye nabi ingingo z’amategeko rwashingiyeho ruca urubanza. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasanze ubujurire bwa Niyonzima bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ihindutse kuri bimwe, rwemeza kandi rutegeka ko Cyuzuzo agomba gusubiza Niyonzima amafaranga akomoka ku nzu yari yaramugurishije nk’uko babyumvikanye. Niyonzima yongeye kuregera Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba gusobanura icyemezo cyari cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego Niyonzima nta shingiro gifite, ko nta kidasobanutse mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze. Niyonzima ntiyishimiye mikirize y’urwo rubanza ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Ku kibazo cyo kwakira ikirego uburanira Niyonzima asaba ko ikirego cy’ubujurire bwabo cyakwakirwa kuko n’urubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwashoboraga kujuririrwa mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko ikirego kidakwiye kwakirwa kuko ubujurire bw’urubanza rusobanura urundi bwakirwa mu gihe n’urubanza rw’iremezo rushobora kujuririrwa. Incamake y’Icyemezo: ubujurire bw’urubanza rusobanura urundi bwakirwa mu gihe n’urubanza rw’iremezo rushobora kujuririrwa, bityo kuba Urubanza rw’iremezo rwaciwe N’urukiko Rukuru rutari rwujuje ibisabwa kugirango rujuririrwe mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire n’urubanza rurusobnura ntirwakwakirwa.

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Ikirego cy’ubujurire nticyakiriwe. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi Ingingo ya 52, 140 Nta manza zifashishijwe. I. IMIRERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, Niyonzima Théophile arega Cyuzuzo Eric, asaba ko yahatirwa kubahiriza amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yo ku wa 15/07/2012 afite agaciro ka 11.000.000Frw, ko Cyuzuzo Eric avanwa mu nzu, gutanga indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.000.000Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 500.000Frw. Uwitwa ZANINKA Janvière yagobotse muri urwo rubanza avuga ko inzu iburanwa ari iye, kubera ko ari we yahererejweho mu gihe cy’igabana ry’umutungo wasizwe n’ababyeyi be. [2] Ku wa 09/05/2013, mu rubanza RC0174/012/TGI/MUS, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego cya Niyonzima Théophile gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe, ko inzu iherereye mu Karere ka Musanze ari iyo Zaninka Janvière yahererejweho mu igabana ry’umutungo w’ababyeyi, ko nta 10.000.000Frw Niyonzima Théophile yishyuye Cyuzuzo Eric bagura inzu, ko ariko Cyuzuzo Eric agomba kwishyura 1.000.000Frw baguze ikibanza. [3] Niyonzima Théophile yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, avuga ko Urukiko rwasobanuye nabi ingingo z’amategeko rwashingiyeho ruca urubanza, rwirengagiza izindi ngingo no kuba harashingiwe ku nyandiko yo ku wa 16/10/2010 nyamara umucamanza yari yamaze gufata icyemezo ko atazayikoresha asaba n’indishyi. [4] Ku wa 30/01/2014, mu rubanza RCA0093/13/HC/MUS, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwasanze ubujurire bwatanzwe na Niyonzima Théophile bufite ishingiro, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RC0174/12/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 09/05/2013 ihindutse kuri bimwe, rwemeza kandi rutegeka ko Cyuzuzo Eric agomba gusubiza Niyonzima Théophile 8.500.000Frw akomoka ku nzu yari yaramugurishije nk’uko babyumvikanye ku wa 23/11/2012, akamuha kandi n’indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 500.000Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bwarwo, rutegeka Cyuzuzo Eric gutanga 25.000Frw y’amagarama y’urubanza, agakurwamo 6.000Frw agomba gusubizwa Niyonzima Théophile kubera ingwate y’amagarama yari yatanze ajurira, akabikora kuva urubanza rubaye ndakuka, atabikora agakurwa mu mutungo we ku gahato. [5] Niyonzima Théophile yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba gukosora urubanza RCA0093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’urwo Rukiko ku wa 30/01/2014. [6] Ku wa 14/06/2019, mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC 00004/2019/HC/MUS, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego cya NIYONZIMA Théophile gifite ishingiro, ko itariki y’isomwa ry’urubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS ikosowe, ahanditse ko rusomwe ku wa 30/01/2013 hakandikwa ko rusomwe ku wa 30/01/2014, rutegeka ko urubanza RS/RECT/RC 0004/2019/HC/MUS rwuzuza urubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwasabiwe gukosorwa.

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[7] Niyonzima Théophile na none yongeye kuregera Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, asaba gusobanura icyemezo cy’Urukiko mu rubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 30/01/2014 rwuzuzwa n’urubanza RS/RECT/RC 00004/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 14/06/2019, asaba gusobanura ko ubwishyu bugomba guturuka ku nzu yari yaragurishijwe, kuko amasezerano bagiranye ari inyandikompesha kandi n’Urukiko mu rubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa rukaba rwarayise amasezerano yo kwikiranura agira agaciro kamwe n’ak’urubanza rwabaye itegeko [8] Ku wa 04/11/2019, mu rubanza RS/INTERT/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rwemeje ko ikirego cya NIYONZIMA Théophile nta shingiro gifite, ko nta kidasobanutse mu rubanza RCA 093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 30/01/2014, ko urwo rubanza rwuzuza urubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa, rutegeka ko amagarama aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta. [9] Niyonzima Théophile ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza ajuririra icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [10] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa wa 05/05/2021, Urukiko rusanga Niyonzima Théophile yitabye ariko adafite umwunganira, urubanza rwimurirwa ku wa 16/06/2021 kugira ngo Niyonzima Théophile azaze yunganiwe kandi yatanze imyanzuro isobanutse. Kuri iyo taliki, Niyonzima Théophile yitabye Urukiko yunganiwe na Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude habanza i buranishwa ry’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ikirego cy’ubujurire cya Niyonzima Théophile cyo kujuririra urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 04/11/2019 cyakwakirwa, ruha Niyonziza Théophile umwanya wo gusobanura ubujurire bwe, ariko rwemeza ko mu gihe ikirego kitakiriwe, Urukiko rutazasuzuma ubujurire bwe. II.IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYACYO Kumenya niba ikirego cy’ubujurire cya NIYONZIMA Théophile cyo kujuririra urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 04/11/2019 cyakwakirwa mu bujurire. [11] Ku birebana n’iyakirwa ry’ikirego cy’ubujurire muri uru Rukiko, Nzabihimana Jean Claude, uburanira Niyonzima Théophile asaba ko ikirego cy’ubujurire bw’uwo yunganira bwakwakirwa kuko mu rubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rusabirwa gusobanurwa rwashoboraga kujuririrwa muri uru Rukiko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 4 y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko kubera ko Urukiko rwirengagije amategeko ndetse rugendera ku bimenyetso byatanzwe nyuma y’iburanisha kandi hatarategetswe gusubukura iburanisha. Akomeza avuga ko n’urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rusobanura urubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS narwo rushobora kujuririrwa kuko rwasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru. [12] Avuga ko ashingiye ku ngingo ya 140, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi asanga Umushingamategeko yarashakaga kuvuga ko rwaba urubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa cyangwa ururusobanura rumwe rushobora kujuririrwa ukwarwo cyangwa zikajurirwa

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hamwe, ko rero urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rusobanura urubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwemerewe kujuririrwa muri uru Rukiko UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Ingingo ya 140, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurukika: “Urubanza rusobanura cyangwa rukosora urundi rwuzuza urubanza rwasabiwe gusobanurwa cyangwa gukosorwa. Rushobora kujuririrwa rwonyine cyangwa hamwe n’urubanza rw’iremezo mu gihe imanza zombi zishobora kujuririrwa”. [14] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigenga ububasha bw’inkiko iteganya na ibikurikira: “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rufite ububasha bwo kuburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare, iyo izo manza: 8º zagenwemo n’urukiko indishyi zingana nibura na 75.000.000 Frw cyangwa zifite agaciro kagenwe n’umucamanza mu gihe habaye impaka kangana na 75.000.000 Frw”. [15] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu rubanza RC0174/012/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze ku wa 09/05/2013, Niyonzima Théophile yareze Cyuzuzo Eric, asaba ko yahatirwa kubahiriza amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu yo ku wa 15/07/2012 afite agaciro ka 11.000.000Frw, ko Cyuzuzo Eric avanwa mu nzu, akanatanga indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.000.000Frw, Urukiko rwemeza ko inzu iherereye mu Karere ka Musanze ari iyo Zaninka Janvière yahererejweho mu igabana ry’umutungo w’ababyeyi, hemezwa ko nta 10.000.000 Frw Niyonzima Théophile yishyuye Cyuzuzo Eric bagura inzu, ko ariko Cyuzuzo Eric agomba kwishyura 1.000.000Frw baguze ikibanza. [16] Dosiye igaragaza ko Niyonzima Théophile yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, maze mu rubanza RCA0093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 30/01/2014, urwo Rukiko, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RC 0174/12/TGI/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 09/05/2013 ihindutse kuri bimwe, rutegeka ko Cyuzuzo Eric asubiza Niyonzima Théophile 8.500.000Frw akomoka ku nzu yari yaramugurishije nk’uko babyumvikanye ku wa 23/11/2012, rumugenera kandi n’indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 500.000Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bwarwo, rutegeka Cyuzuzo Eric gutanga amagarama y’urubanza angana na 25.000Frw, agakurwamo 6.000 Frw agomba gusubizwa Niyonzima Théophile kubera ingwate y’amagarama yari yatanze ajurira. [17] Dosiye igaragaza na none ko Niyonzima Théophile yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu rubanza RS/RECT/RC 00004/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 14/06/2019 asaba gusobanura icyemezo cy’Urukiko mu rubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 30/01/2014, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cya Niyonzima Théophile nta shingiro gifite, ko nta kidasobanutse muri urwo rubanza. [18] Nk’uko bigaragajwe haruguru, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze mu rubanza RC174/012/TGI/MUS, Niyonzima Théophile yaregeraga amasezerano y’ubugure bw’inzu afite agaciro ka 11.000.000Frw anasaba indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 1.000.000Frw. Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko inzu iherereye mu Karere ka Musanze ari iyo Zaninka Janvière yahererejweho mu igabana ry’umutungo w’ababyeyi, rwemeza ko Cyuzuzo Eric yishyura Niyonzima Théophile

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1.000.000Frw baguze ikibanza. Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu rubanza RCA093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe ku wa 30/01/2014 rwageneye Niyonzima Théophile indishyi zingana na 8.500.000Frw n’igihembo cya Avoka cya 500.000Frw akaba rero icyaburanwaga ndetse n’indishyi zatanzwe byose bifite agaciro kari munsi ya 75.000.000Frw gasabwa kugira ngo urubanza rube rwakwemererwa ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52 igika cya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ibivugwa n’uburanira Niyonzima Théophile ko urubanza RCA0093/13/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 30/01/2014 rusabirwa gusobanurwa rwashoboraga kujuririrwa muri uru Rukiko, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko nk’uko bigaragajwe haruguru rutari rwujuje ibisabwa byatuma habaho ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. [20] Urukiko rurasanga na none ibivugwa na Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude ko urubanza rusabirwa gusobanurwa rwashoboraga kujuririrwa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 2, agace ka 4, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru kubera ko Urukiko rwirengagije amategeko ndetse rugendera ku bimenyetso byatanzwe nyuma y’iburanisha kandi hatarategetswe gusubukura iburanisha, nta gaciro byahabwa kuko usibye ku bivuga gusa, nta kimenyetso we n’uwo yunganira bagaragariza Urukiko. [21] Urukiko rurasanga kandi ibyo Me Nzabihimana Jean Claude avuga ko urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 04/11/2019 rushobora kujuririrwa kuko rwaburanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere n’Urukiko Rukuru, nabyo nta shingira byahabwa. kuko nk’uko ingingo ya 140, igika cya 2, y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryibukijwe haruguru ibivuga, ubujurire bw’urubanza rusobanura urundi bwakirwa mu gihe n’urubanza rw’iremezo rushobora kujuririrwa. [22] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro no ku ngingo z’amategeko bimaze kuvugwa haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Niyonzima Théophile cyo kujuririra urubanza RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, ku wa 04/11/2019 kitakiriwe ngo gisuzumwe, kuko urubanza rw’iremezo rudashobora kujuririrwa. Urukiko rurasanga kandi nta mpamvu yo gusuzuma imizi y’urubanza kuko ikirego cy’ubujurire kitakiriwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [23] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy‘ubujurire cya Niyonzima Théophile cyo kujuririra urubanza No RS/INTER/RC 00002/2019/HC/MUS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze ku wa 04/11/2019 kitakiriwe; [24] Ruvuze ko amagarama aherera ku Isanduku ya Leta.