UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NIYOYITA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NIYOYITA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-21 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00418/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NIYOYITA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00418/2024/CA (Rukundakuvuga P.J.) 21 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Imirongo mu manza – Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa nyuma yuko hatanzwe amakuru yuko uregwa akwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge nuko ku bufatanye bw’inzego zitandukanye” arashakishwa afatirwa muri centre ya Gatete afite koko ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw'urumogi udupfunyika 26. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo (gutunda no gucuruza urumogi), rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahanishijwe ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, kikagezwa ku myaka 5 kuko ari imfubyi agomba kujya kwita kuri bene nyina. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, rusanga hari impamvu zituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyongera kugabanywa, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire, asaba kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’urwo Rukiko zagabanyirije abaregwa ibikorwa bisa n’ibyo yakoze, kugera munsi y’igihano we yahawe. Ko kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashindikanywaho ndetse impamvu yakoze iki cyaha ari ubukene yatewe na Covid-19 kuko yari afite imfubyi agomba kwitaho, akagikora kubera amaburakindi. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite, ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe, bityo kikaba kidakwiye guhindurwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Umurongo wari uriho ntushobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe, icyo gihe hashingirwa ku ngingo y’itegeko ryayihinduye. Bityo hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko rishya, ku cyaha uregwa yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge umucamanza ntashobora kugabanya igihano ngo ajye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2. Ingingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y'Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse, RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/12/2023. Ubushinjacyaha vs. Bimenyimana, RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 26/05/2022.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 23/06/2020, ku makuru yatanzwe n'abaturage ko Niyoyita Phocas akwirakwiza ibiyobyabwenge muri centre ya Gatete, Umudugudu wa Gatete, Akagali ka Gitare, Umurenge wa Base, Akarere ka Rulindo, Intara y'Amajyaruguru, abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, DASSO, Polisi n’Ingabo zikorera muri ako gace bakoze “Target operation”. Muri iyo gahunda, Niyoyita Phocas yafatiwe muri centre ya Gatete afite koko ikiyobyabwenge cyo mu bwoko bw'urumogi udupfunyika 26. Agifatwa yakomerekeje ushinzwe umutekano Nduhuyabagabo akoresheje amenyo, ubwo yageragezaga gucika. Iperereza rirangiye Niyoyita Phocas yarezwe mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi akurikirwanyweho icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Mu rukiko Niyoyita Phocas yaburanye yemera icyaha, agisabira imbabazi. [2] Mu rubanza no RP 00465/2020/TGI/GIC, rwaciwe ku wa 16/11/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gicumbi rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Niyoyita Phocas, ubuhamya bwa Nduhuyabagabo n’ubwa Uwambajimana bagize uruhare mu ifatwa rye, ndetse n’inyandiko-mvugo y'ifatira igaragaza ko yafatanywe urumogi, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gukora ibikorwa byerekeranye n’ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nkabyo (gutunda no gucuruza urumogi), rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 frw). [3] Niyoyita Phocas ntiyanyuzwe n’igihano yahawe, ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kuko yemeye icyaha, kikagezwa ku myaka 5 kuko ari imfubyi agomba kujya kwita kuri bene nyina. [4] Mu rubanza No RPA 00107/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 17/05/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze mu rwego rwo guhuza igihano n’uburemere bw’icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere Niyoyita Phocas akurikiranywe mu buryo buzwi mu butabera no kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha ari impamvu zituma igihano yahanishijwe ku rwego rubanza cyongera kugabanywa. Urwo Rukiko ruramugabanyiriza rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 15 no gutanga ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [5] Niyoyita Phocas yongeye kujurira mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza rwe ruhabwa No RPAA 00418/2024/CA. Iburanisha mu ruhame ryashyizwe ku wa 13 Mutarama 2025, uwo munsi ugeze Niyoyita Phocas yitaba yunganiwe na Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwizeye Jean Marie, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [6] Niyoyita Phocas mu bujurire bwe yasabye kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano, ashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zagabanyirije abaregwa ibikorwa bisa n’ibyo yakoze, kugera munsi y’igihano we yahawe. [7] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko igihano yahawe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha cyamuhamye, bityo kidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [8] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasuzuma niba Niyoyita Phocas ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Niyoyita Phocas ashobora kongera kugabanyirizwa igihano.

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[9] Niyoyita Phocas ashingiye ku manza zirimo urubanza no RPAA 00049/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/09/2023, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Kayitare Antoine; urubanza noRPAA 00408/2020/CA, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Niyitegeka Augustin ndetse n’urubanza noRPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022 ubushinjacyaha buburana na Uyisenga Théogène, aho uru Rukiko rwashingiye ku ngano y’ibiyobyabwenge aba bafatanywe rwemera kubagabanyiriza ibihano kugera munsi y’icyo we yahawe, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano kimwe nabo. [10] Asaba kandi Urukiko gushingira ku ngingo ya 49 y’itegeko nº68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ibyo Umucamanza ashingiraho mu gutanga igihano, hanyuma rukabona ko udupfunyika 26 yafatanywe ari duke, kandi kuva yafatwa yemeye icyaha ku buryo budashindikanywaho ndetse impamvu yakoze iki cyaha ari ubukene yatewe na Covid-19 kuko yari afite imfubyi agomba kwitaho, akagikora kubera amaburakindi. [11] Niyoyita Phocas avuga kandi ko nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RS/REV/INJUST/PEN 0001/17/CS-RP 00001/2017/SC rwa Bahirwe Geoffrey, akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa mu buremere bw’icyaha ahubwo kanareberwa mu nyungu z’uregwa hagamijwe kumusubiza mu buzima busanzwe akavuga ko Urukiko rukwiye kubona ko bishoboka kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano kugirango abone ubutabera buboneye, ahabwe igihano gikwiye. [12] Me Mukwende Milimo Olivier, umwunganira, we avuga ko ku bijyanye n’igihano, asanga igihano gito giteganywa n’amategeko cyaratanzwe kikaba cyarubahirijwe, bityo ko ibindi abihariye Urukiko. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita Phocas nta shingiro bufite, ashingiye ku ngingo ya 2, agace (a) na (d) y’itegeko no 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/20231, yemeza ko igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.00 Frw) yahanishijwe ari cyo gito gishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe, bityo kikaba kidakwiye guhindurwa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba hashingiwe ku manza Niyoyita Phocas agaragaza, Urukiko rwemerewe kongera kumugabanyiriza igihano, rukaba rwajya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. [15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu kugabanya igihano, Urukiko rushobora gushingira ku manza zaciwe hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 602 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe kuwa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwifashishije ibyemejwe mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciye ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bimenyimana Jean Paul3, rwemeje ko imanza zose zaciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa

1 Iyi ngingo iteganya ko igifungo cya burundu kidashobora kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha ku buryo kijya munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; kandi ko n’ihazabu iteganyijwe idashobora kugabanywa ngo ibe yajya munsi ya kimwe cya kane cy’ihazabu nto iteganyirijwe icyaha. 2 Iyi ngingo yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihano. Icyakoza urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’urukiko rw’ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye zisobanura ko uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano buteganyijwe muri iyo ngingo bunyuranye n’amahame y’ubutabera buboneye n’ubwingenge bw’umucamanza kuko idatanga ubwinyagamburiro buhagije bufasha umucamanza guhuza uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka zacyo n’igihano. 3 Uru rubanza mu gika cyarwo cya 26 rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’uko Umurongo wari uriho udashobora gukurikizwa mu gihe itegeko wari ushingiyeho ryavuyeho cyangwa ryahinduwe

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04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano risohoka, zitagikoreshwa4. [16] Urukiko rurasanga urubanza nºRPAA 00049/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 21/09/2023, urubanza nºRPAA 00408/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 27/06/2022, n’urubanza nºRPAA 00132/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 15/07/2022, Niyitegeka Phocas asaba ko zashingirwaho agahanwa kimwe n’abaziregwagamo, zose zaraciwe mbere y’uko itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange yateganyaga uburyo bwo kugabanya ibihano, risohoka. Byumvikana rero ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kugabanya igihano muri izo manza avuga budashobora gukoreshwa mu rubanza rwe kuko bwakuweho n’iri tegeko rishya. [17] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’iryo tegeko rishya5, ku cyaha Niyoyita Phocas yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge6, Umucamanza ntashobora kugabanya igihano ngo ajye munsi y’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). Bityo rero uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze kuko rwagabanyirije igihano Niyoyita Phocas rukagarukira ku gifungo cy'imyaka 15 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000Frw). [18] Ku bijyanye n’ibyo avuga ashingiye ku ngingo ya 49 y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, isobanura ibishingirwaho n’Umucamanza mu gutanga igihano, ndetse no ku byemejwe mu rubanza Nº RS/REV/INJUST/PEN 0001/17/CS-RP 00001/2017/SC rwa Bahirwe Geoffrey, rwagaragaje ko akamaro k’igihano katareberwa gusa mu buremere bw’icyaha, ahubwo kanareberwa mu nyungu z’uregwa hagamijwekumusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, uru Rukiko rurasanga ibyo avuga bikorwa mu mbibi zateganyijwe n’amategeko ku bijyanye no kugabanya ibihano. Ibyo akaba ari na byo byakozwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, kuko nyuma yo gusuzuma impamvu zose ziri mu rubanza, uregwa yahawe igihano gito gishoboka; uru Rukiko rukaba rutemerewe kongera kugabanya igihano ku buryo cyajya munsi y’icyo yahawe. Ku bw’ibyo, ubujurire bwe bukaba nta shingiro bufite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Niyoyita Phocas nta shingiro bufite; [20] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza NºRPA 00107/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 17/05/2024, idahindutse; [21] Rwemeje ko Niyoyita Phocas akomeza guhanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000Frw), yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru; [22] Rutegetse ko Niyoyita Phocas asonewe gutanga amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.

4 Ibi byasobanuwe mu gika cya 17-18 by’urubanza RPAA 00367/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/12/2023 haburana ubushinjacyaha na Twagirumukiza Innocent Réponse. 5 Itegeko nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, mu ngingo yaryo ya 2 (a, d) 2 riteganya ko iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’imyaka 15. Naho (d)igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe. 6 Ingingo ya 11 y'Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y'Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange ihanisha icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hejuru ya miliyoni makumyabiri (20,000,000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30,000,000 FRW).