NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd v. UNGUKA BANK Plc N’ UNDI

# NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd v. UNGUKA BANK Plc N’ UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-01-20 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00081/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd v. UNGUKA BANK Plc N’ UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00081/2022/CA (Ngagi, P.J.) 20 Mutarama 2023] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’ Inkiko – Ububasha bw’ Urukiko – Gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe . Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe sizumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe – Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Incamake y’ ikibazo: Sosiyete NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yareze UNGUKA BANK Plc hamwe na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ivuga ko N.K. SPARE PARTS Ltd, ihagarariwe na Nkaka Muhammad, yasabye umwenda muri

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UNGUKA BANK Plc ungana na 253.000.000Frw kugira ngo biyifashe kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo, maze hatangwa ingwate y’umutungo warimo n’uruganda rw’ibigori rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd. N.K SPARE PARTS Ltd yananiwe kwishyura iyo nguzanyo, maze UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RBD uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate irabuhabwa, nyuma iyo ngwate iragurishwa ariko harimo imashini z’uruganda zitari ingwate. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ikirego cya NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro gifite, ruyitegeka kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Ltd na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert buri wese indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, maze iyirujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, irusaba gusuzuma inyandiko y’ifatira kugira ngo hagaragazwe niba imashini za MAIZE MILL Ltd zitari zihari mbere ya cyamunara, no kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd yari kugurishwa kubera ko yubatse ku butaka bwatanzweho ingwate, isaba kandi gusuzuma ufite inshingano zo kurinda ibizagurishwa mu cyamunara, no gutegeka ko hakoreshwa irindi genagaciro (contre expertise) kuko igenagaciro ryakozwe hagamijwe kugurisha umutungo mu cyamunara ritashyizemo agaciro k' inyubako y' uruganda. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko igomba guha UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert indishyi z’ibyatakajwe muri urwo rubanza. NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze iyijuririra mu Rukiko rw’ Ubujurire, ariko mu iburanisha, UNGUKA BANK Plc yatanze inzitizi z’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, maze rusanga hagomba kubanza guzumwa inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, hamwe n’ inzitizi ijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa avuga ko inkiko zombi zashingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso cyigeze kigaragazwa cyerekana ko abaregwa ari bo batwaye izo mashini. NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nayo yiregura ivuga ko itatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, ivuga ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku kuba nta nyandiko cyangwa ibarura ryakozwe ryerekana ko cyamunara yabaye mu ruganda harimo imashini zayo, kandi ko imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitashingirwaho kuko batigeze babona imashini mu ruganda mu gihe cya cyamunara. NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ivuga kandi ko mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi yatsinzwe nuko izo mashini ziramutse zari zihari zabazwa abaguze mu cyamunara, kandi ko urwo Rukiko rwashingiye ku kuba yarazanye ku rwego rw’ubujurire ingingo zitaburanishijweho mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kuko Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga atigeze aha nyiri umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamuna inyandiko zibanziriza ifatira ndetse n’izifatira, bityo ko

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ubujurire bwabo buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko itatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’ icyemezo: 1. Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe . Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe sizumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. 2. Mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amagarama y’ urubanza ahwanye n’ ibyarukozwemo. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na UR; Urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24; Urubanza RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na Mulisa Kana Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21;

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Urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA). Urubanza I.IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd irega UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert ivuga ko N.K. SPARE PARTS Ltd, ihagarariwe na Nkaka Muhammad, yasabye umwenda muri

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UNGUKA BANK Plc ungana na 253.000.000 Frw kugira ngo biyifashe kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo, maze hatangwa ingwate y’umutungo wanditse kuri UPI: 1/02/12/02/2779 warimo n’uruganda rw’ibigori rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd. Ivuga ko N.K SPARE PARTS Ltd yananiwe kwishyura iyo nguzanyo, maze UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru muri RBD uburenganzira bwo kugurisha ingwate irabuhabwa, hanyuma ku wa 06/06/2019, iyo ngwate iragurishwa kandi harimo imashini z’uruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd zitari ingwate ya UNGUKA BANK Plc. [2] NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yasabye urwo Rukiko kwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 06/06/2019 hagurishwa umutungo wayo wanditse kuri UPI:1/02/12/02/2779 harimo imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd, no gutegeka Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert na UNGUKA BANK Plc gufatanya gusubiza NKAKA Muhammad imashini zayo zari mu ruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd, inasaba indishyi zo kwimwa uburenganzira ku mashini ze, igihembo cya Avoka n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. UNGUKA BANK Plc na ISABWE Alain Thierry Robert mu kwiregura bavuze ko ikirego cya NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro gifite, kuko nta mashini zayo batwaye. [3] Mu rubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/01/2021, urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro gifite, ruyitegeka kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Ltd na ISABWE Alain Thierry Robert buri wese indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zingana 700.000 Frw, ko igarama NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd yatanze riherera mu Isanduku ya Leta. [4] NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, maze iyirujuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, irusaba gusuzuma inyandiko y’ifatira kugira ngo hagaragazwe niba imashini za MAIZE MILL Ltd zitari zihari mbere ya cyamunara, no kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd yari kugurishwa kubera ko yubatse ku butaka bwatanzweho ingwate. Irusaba kandi gusuzuma ufite inshingano zo kurinda ibizagurishwa mu cyamunara, no gutegeka ko hakoreshwa irindi

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genagaciro (contre expertise) kuko igenagaciro (expertise) ryakozwe hagamijwe kugurisha mu cyamunara umutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/12/02/2779, ritashyizemo agaciro k'inyubako y'uruganda. [5] UNGUKA BANK Plc yireguye ivuga ko ibyo gukora contre expertise ari bishya ko bisabwe bwa mbere mu bujurire, ndetse ko mbere yo kuregera Urukiko bibanza gushyikirizwa Umwanditsi Mukuru, kandi ko NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd itabyubahirije nk’uko byemezwa na ISABWE Alain Thierry Robert mu mwanzuro we. Ivuga ko ku bijyanye no kuba hari inyandiko y’ifatira ry’imashini zivugwa yagaragaza ko zari zihari mbere ya cyamunara, NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatsinzwe no kubura ibimenyetso bifatika kandi ko nta kimenyetso gishya itanga mu bujurire cyahinyuza ibyashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere. Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert yiregura avuga ko mu manza za cyamunara nta fatira riba rikenewe kuko umutungo ugurishwa muri cyamunara uba waratanzweho ingwate. [6] Ku wa 03/06/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00076/2022/HCC rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro bufite, ko igomba guha UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert indishyi z’ibyatakajwe muri urwo rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire zingana 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 100.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire, yose hamwe akaba 600.000 Frw kuri buri wese. Rutegeka ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/01/2021, uretse indishyi zimaze kuvugwa haruguru ziyongera ku zagenwe ku rwego rubanza, runategeka ko 40.000 Frw, NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatanzeho ingwate y’amagarama ijurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe byose mu rubanza. [7] NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza iyijuririra muri uru Rukiko, ubujurire bwayo bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00081/2022/CA. [8] Iburanisha mu ruhame ry’urubanza ryabaye ku wa 04/01/2023, NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ihagarariwe na Byiringiro Emmanuel Clément yunganiwe na Me

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Kamali Nyampatse Valence, UNGUKA BANK Plc ihagarariwe na Me Niyondora Nsengiyumva, naho Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert atitabye. Urukiko rufata icyemezo ko urubanza ruburanishwa Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert adahari kuko atagaragaje impamvu yatumye atitaba, urubanza rugafatwa nkaho rwaburanwe ahari. Hasuzumwa inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa n’iyo kuba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe zatanzwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc. [9] Mu gusuzuma inzitizi z’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko zatanzwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, Urukiko rurasanga hagomba kubanza guzumwa inzitizi ijyanye no kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, byagaragara ko itatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe hakabona gusuzumwa inzitizi ijyanye n’agaciro k’ikiburanwa, kuko nubwo agaciro k’ikiburanwa kaba kari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko ariko umuburanyi yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvi zimwe mu nkiko zombi ntabwo ubujurire bwe bwakirwa kuko butaba buri mu basha bw’uru Rukiko. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1. Kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe [10] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc ashingiye ku ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko n°30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd budakwiye kwakirwa kuko yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi. Avuga ko inkiko zombi zashingiye ku kuba nta kimenyetso cyigeze kigaragazwa cyerekana ko abaregwa ari bo batwaye izo mashini. [11] Asobanura ko mu rubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC hasuzumwe ikibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rukwiye kwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 06/06/2019

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yabaye imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd zari mu ruganda, mu gika cya 17 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rusanga nta nyandiko cyangwa ibarura (inventaire) ryakozwe ryerekana ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 06/06/2019 hagurishwa ingwate yatanzwe na N.K. SPARE PARTS Ltd ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/12/02/2779 ko mu ruganda harimo imashini za NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ku buryo Urukiko rwabyemeza. Rusanga kandi imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Nzeyimana Callixte na Kayumba Innoncent nazo zitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 06/06/2019 ko mu ruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd harimo imashini, kuko batigeze babibona kandi ubwabo batagaragaje ko cyamunara yabaye bahari. Mu gika cya 18 cy’urubanza rwemeza ko izo mvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert ari bo batwaye imashini NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd yaregeraga, kuko imvugo zabo harimo ugushidikanya k’uwazitwaye kandi nta bindi bimenyetso bizishyigikira, maze rwemeza ko ikirego nta shingiro gifite. [12] Asobanura kandi ko ikibazo cya gatatu, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye kijyanye no kumenya niba mu byagurishijwe mu cyamunara harimo imashini zivugwa cyangwa se niba zaratwawe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, ko iki kibazo gifitanye isano n’ikibazo cya mbere cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. Ko mu gika cya 36 na 41 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00076/2021/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagarutse ku gaciro k’imvugo z’abatangabuhamya nk’uko zavuzwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rwanzura ko zitashingirwaho, maze na rwo rwemeza ko nta kimenyetso urega yagaragaje cy’uko imashini zariho igihe cya cyamunara, ndetse nta n’ikimenyetso cy’uko zatwawe n’abaregwa, hanyuma mu gika cya 41, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd itsinzwe no kutagaragaza ikimenyetso cy’uruhare rw’abaregwa mu gutwara imashini iregera, ko rero inkiko zombi zashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe z’uko nta bimenyetso bihari by’uko imashini zari zihari igihe cyamunara yakorwaga cyangwa ko zatwawe n’abaregwa.

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[13] Avuga kandi ko ku bindi bibazo byasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi harimo icyo kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yatanzwe yo gukoresha contre expertise ifite ishingiro n’icyo kumenya niba hari inyandiko y’ifatira ry’imashini zivugwa ihari ngo igaragaze ko imashini zari zihari mbere ya cyamunara, ko nubwo ari umwihariko ugaragara mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nta cyo wahindura ku byingezi byashingiweho kuko mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko atari ngombwa ko ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zigarukwaho mu bujurire. [14] Uhagarariye NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd n’umwunganira bavuga ko itatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje. Basobanura ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku kuba nta nyandiko cyangwa ibarura ryakozwe ryerekana ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 06/06/2019 mu ruganda harimo imashini za NKAKA MAZI MILLS Ltd, ko kandi imvugo z’abatangabuhamya zitashingirwaho kuko batigeze babona imashini mu ruganda mu gihe cya cyamunara, batanagaragaje ko cyamunara yabaye bahari, imvugo zabo zikaba zirimo gushidikanya, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 n’icya 18 by’urubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi. [15] Bavuga kandi ko mu rubanza RCOMA 00076/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatsinzwe nuko izo mashini ziramutse zari zihari zabazwa abaguze mu cyamunara kuko ari bo bari bafite inyubako bahafite n’umuzamu nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 41 cy’urwo rubanza. Bakomeza bavuga ko urwo Rukiko rwashingiye ku kuba yarazanye ku rwego rw’ubujurire ingingo zitaburanishijweho mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, kuko Umuhesha w’Inkiko w’umwuga atigeze aha nyiri umutungo wagurishijwe mu cyamunara inyandiko zibanziriza ifatira ndetse n’izifatira nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 37, 38, 39, 40. Ko rero ubujurire bwabo buri mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko kuko itatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe cyane ko mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi hatigeze hagaragazwa undi muntu wabazwa imashini biramutse bigaragaye ko zibwe.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [16] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, byaramuka bigaragaye ko yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe mu nkiko zombi ubujurire bwayo ntibwakirwe kuko buba butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. [17] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ibikurikira: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa, cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ibisobanuro by’impamvu zimwe, Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byafashweho umurongo mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko, mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere arizo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe 1. Ibi kandi byumvikanisha ko impamvu zimwe sizumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. 1 Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00003/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2020, haburana SANLAM AG Plc na UR; Urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Products na MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, igika cya 24, Urubanza N◦ RCOMAA 0038/16/CS-RCOMAA 0033/2016/CS hagati ya Bank of Kigali Ltd na Mulisa Kana Martin rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21/04/2017, igika cya 21. Reba kandi igika cya 12 cy’urubanza rubanziriza urundi mu rubanza RCOMAA 00010/2018/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 15/03/2019, haburana KOPERATIVE DUKUNDUMURIMO (KOADU) na KING CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICE COMPANY (KICOSECA).

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[19] Na none mu rubanza RCOMAA 0048/16/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017, haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd2, urwo Rukiko rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarashubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [20] Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 14/01/2021, NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yareze UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert isaba urwo Rukiko kwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 06/06/2019 yabaye imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILL Ltd zikirimo no gutegeka Me ISABWE na UNGUKA BANK Plc gufatanya gusubiza Nkaka Muhammad imashini ze zaburiye mu ruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd. Urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba urukiko rwakwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 06/06/2019 yarabaye imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd zari mu ruganda, n’icyo kumenya niba hari indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zigomba gutangwa muri urwo rubanza. [21] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00076/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 03/06/2022, urwo Rukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu y’ubujurire yo gukoresha contre expertise yatanzwe, igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze yakwakirwa, icyo kumenya niba hari inyandiko y’ifatira y’imashini zivugwa ihari ngo igaragaze ko imashini zari zihari mbere ya cyamunara, icyo kumenya niba mu byagurishijwe mu cyamunara harimo imashini zivugwa cyangwa se niba zaratwawe na UNGUKA BANK Plc, n’icyo kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa muri urwo rubanza. [22] Mu rwego rwo kumenya niba NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, haritabwa ku kibazo cy‘ingenzi inkiko zombi 2 Reba igika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza.

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zasuzumye, kuko nta buryo ibibazo zitigeze zihuriraho mu isuzuma byajya mu igereranya. Ikibazo cy’ingenzi cyahuriweho n’inkiko zombi ni ikijyanye no kumenya niba urukiko rwakwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 06/06/2019 yarabaye imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd zari mu ruganda, cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kuko gihura n’ikibazo cya gatatu cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kijyanye no kumenya niba mu byagurishijwe mu cyamunara harimo imashini zivugwa cyangwa se niba zaratwawe na UNGUKA BANK Plc. [23] Ku kibazo kijyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwakwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 06/06/2019 yarabaye imashini zitunganya ibigori z’uruganda NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd zari mu ruganda, mu gika cya 17 cy’urubanza RCOM 01639/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze nta nyandiko cyangwa ibarura yakozwe yerekana ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 06/06/2019 hagurishwa ingwate yatanzwe na N.K SPARE PARTS Ltd ibaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/12/02/2779 ko mu ruganda harimo imashini za NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ku buryo Urukiko rwabyemeza. Rusanga kandi imvugo z’abatangabuhamya Nzeyimana Callixte na Kayumba Innoncent nazo zitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko kuri cyamunara yabaye tariki ya 06/06/2019 ku ruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd harimo imashini, kuko batigeze babibona kandi ubwabo batagaragaje ko cyamunara yabaye bahari. [24] Mu gika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze imvugo za Nzeyimana Callixte na Kayumba Innoncent zitashingirwaho ngo hemezwe ko UNGUKA BANK Plc na Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert ari bo batwaye imashini NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd iregera muri iki kirego kuko imvugo zabo harimo ugushidikanya k’uwatwaye imashini kandi nta bindi bimenyetso bishyigikira imvugo zabo ndetse Urukiko rukaba rusanga ibirebana no gutwara imashini atari igikorwa cy’ubucuruzi cyangwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, kuko abatangabuhamya batigeze bemeza ko babonye imashini zigurishwa mu cyamunara.

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[25] Na none mu gika cya 19 cy’urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 12 y’itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera. Iyo abibuze, uwarezwe aratsinda” rusanga nta bimenyetso NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatanze mu Rukiko byatuma rwemeza ko cyamunara yabaye tariki ya 06/06/2019 ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/02/12/02/2779 harimoimashini z’uruganda rwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd kandi ntaho rwashingira rutegeka abaregwa gusubiza imashini baregwa; rwanzura ko ikirego cya NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd nta shingiro gifite. [26] Kuri iki kibazo kimaze kuvugwa haruguru, mu gika cya 41 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00076/2021/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo Rukiko rwasanze n’ubwo uwajuriye (NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd) avuga ko imitungo ye y’imashini itagombaga kuvangwa mu ifatira ndetse no mu cyamunara, nta n’ikimenyetso agaragaza cyerekana uruhare rw’abaregwa mu gutwara izo mashini zivugwa kuko n’abatangabuhamya babajijwe ku rwego rubanza batemeje ko mu baregwa hari uwatwaye izo mashini uretse Nizeyimana Jean Pierre wakekeranyije avuga ko bari bambaye badges zijya gusa n’iza UNGUKA BANK Plc. Ko ibyo byumvikanisha ko ntaho Urukiko rwahera ruvuga ko imashini zivugwa zatwawe n’abarega, mu gihe nta kimenyetso cyerekana uruhare rwabo mu itwarwa ryazo na cyane ko hari hafite nyiraho wahaguze mu cyamunara unafite umuzamu, ko haramutse hari n’imashini zarimo kuko ntakibigaragaza, uburyozwe bwazo bwababazwa nk’abari bazifite mu nyubako yaguzwe; bityo ko ubujurire bwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd kuri iyo ngingo nta shingiro bufite. [27] Urukiko rurasanga kuri iki kibazo cy’ingenzi cyasuzumwe n’inkiko zombi, icyingenzi izo nkiko zashingiyeho ari nacyo cyatsinze NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd ni uko itabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana ko abaregwa ari bo batwaye imashini iregera, no kuba itarabashije kugaragaza ko izo mashini zari mu ruganda mu gihe cyamunara yakorwaga.

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[28] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa no ku ngingo z’amategeko zavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, bityo ubujurire bwayo bukaba butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. Rurasanga kandi atari ngombwa gusuzuma inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko ishingiye ku gaciro k’ikiburanwa mu gihe byamaze kugaragara ko NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. 2. Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza afite ishingiro [29] Uhagarariye UNGUKA BANK Plc avuga ko urubanza ruramutse rugarukiye ku nzitizi basaba 1.500.000 Frw akubiyemo amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [30] Mu manzuro wa Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert yasabye 1.000.000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka 500.000 Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza. [31] Uhagarariye NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd n’umwunganira bavuga ko UNGUKA BANK Plc itagomba guhabwa amafaranga isaba, ariko ko Urukiko ruramutse ruyatanze yahabwa 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka gusa. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [32] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [33] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza UNGUKA BANK Plc isaba afite ishingiro, kuko hari ibyo yatakaje ikurikirana

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inaburana uru rubanza, ariko kuba urubanza rugarukiye ku nzitizi, mu bushishozi bwarwo ruyigeneye 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza, agomba gutangwa na NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd. Rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Isabwe Alain Thierry Robert yasabye mu mwanzuro we atagomba kuyahabwa, kuko atigeze yitabira iburanisha ndetse n’inama ntegurarubanza kandi nta Avoka we wigeze aboneka muri uru rubanza. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko yatanzwe na UNGUKA BANK Plc ifite ishingiro. [35] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [36] Rutegetse NKAKA MAIZE MILLS Ltd kwishyura UNGUKA BANK Plc 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [37] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.