UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NKEBUKANDE

# UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NKEBUKANDE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-20 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00109/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NKEBUKANDE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00109/2024/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.) 20 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Kugabanya igihano mu bujurire – Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nkebukande yakurikiranyweho n’Ubushinjacyaha icyaha cyo gucuruza no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bwo mu bwoko bw’urumogi nyuma yuko afatanywe udupfunyika 102 tw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Nkebukande ahamwa n’icyaha, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Nkebukande yajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru asaba kugabanyirizwa ndetse no gusubikirwa ibihano, ko urumogi atarucuruje ahubwo yafashwe akimara kuruhabwa, akaba ari n’ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi akaba afite abana yasize badafite kirengera kuko nyirakuru wabo yapfuye. Urukiko Rukuru rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). Nkebukande yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa naho ihazabu yaciwe igakurwaho kuko adashobora kuyibona. Ku rundi ruhande, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nkebukande yamaze kugabanyirizwa ibihano bityo atakongera kugabanyirizwa, akaba kandi atakurirwaho ihazabu ahubwo yazayitanga igihe azaba ashobora kuyibona, akaba kandi atasubikirwa igihano kuko atagaragaza impamvu abisaba. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ntiruhindutse. Nta mategeko yashingiweho

Imanza zifashishijwe: RPA 00060/2021/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. RPAA 00293/2020/CA; Ubushinjacyaha vs Ntakirutimana Aloys rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 15/02/2020, Nkebukande Claver yafashwe n’itsinda ry’abapolisi bashinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge bari bahawe amakuru n’abaturage y’uko acuruza ibiyobyabwenge, bajya iwe basanga yicaye mu rugo rw’umuturanyi, bamusatse bamusangana udupfunyika tubiri (2 boules) tw’urumogi, bagiye gusaka iwe murugo bahasanga udupfunyika ijana (100 boules) tw’urumogi, rwose hamwe ruba udupfunyika ijana na tubiri (102 boules). [2] Nyuma y’iperereza, Ubushinjacyaha bwakurikiranyeho Nkebukande Claver icyaha cyo gucuruza no kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bumuregera Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, busaba kwemeza ko kimuhama agahanishwa igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 Frw). Nkekubande Claver yaburanye yemera icyaha avuga ko yacuruje urumogi abitewe n’ubukene. [3] Mu rubanza RP 00333/2020/TGI/NYGE rwaciwe ku wa 06/05/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, rushingiye ku kwemera icyaha kwa Nkebukande Claver no k’ubuhamya bwa Nshimiyimana Alex wamufashe umushinja, rwemeje ko ahamwa n’icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw), rumugabanyirije igihano kuko yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha. [4] Nkebukande Claver yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, asaba kugabanyirizwa no gusubikirwa igihano kuko urumogi atarucuruje ahubwo yafashwe akimara kuruhabwa, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha kandi akaba afite abana yasize badafite kirengera kuko nyirakuru wabo yapfuye. [5] Mu rubanza RPA 00726/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 23/01/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwasanze ibikorwa Nkebukande Claver yakoze bigize icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, rusanga ariko igihano yahanishijwe cyakongera kugabanywa hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, kuko yemeye icyaha mu nzego z’iperereza no mu iburanisha mu

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Rukiko Rwisumbuye, akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranyweho icyaha imbere y’inkiko, akaba kandi nta yindi myitwarire mibi yari asanganywe, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [6] Nkebukande Claver yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00109/2024/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/12/2024, Nkebukande Claver yunganiwe na Me Ndacyayisenga Schadrack, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Habimana Jean Cabien, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [7] Nkebukande Claver n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ndetse igihano yahabwa kigasubikwa naho ihazabu yaciwe igakurwaho kuko adashobora kuyibona. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ubujurire bwa Nkebukande Claver nta shingiro bufite kuko ibyo asaba byo kugabanyirizwa ibihano yamaze kubihabwa akaba atakongera kugabanyirizwa, akaba kandi atakurirwaho ihazabu ahubwo yazayitanga igihe azaba ashobora kuyibona, akaba kandi atasubikirwa igihano kuko atagaragaza impamvu abisaba. [8] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Nkebukande Claver yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe, akanakurirwaho ihazabu yaciwe.

II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nkebukande Claver yagabanyirizwa akanasubikirwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe, akanakurirwaho ihazabu yaciwe [9] Nkebukande Claver n’umwunganira basaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano cy’igifungo yakatiwe kuko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere aguye mu cyaha, icyaha yakoze kikaba nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje kubera ko urumogi yafatanywe yari atararugurisha. Basaba kandi ko Nkebukande Claver yasubikirwa igihano akajya kwita ku muryango we wandagaye, bakanasaba ko yakurirwaho ihazabu yaciwe kuko atayibona, Urukiko rwaramuka rubonye ko atakurirwaho ihazabu, rukayigabanya. Ku bijyanye n’amategeko yashingirwaho, Nkebukande Claver n’umwunganira basaba ko hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 581 iya 592, agace ka 3° n’iya 643 z’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange n’ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº

1 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ubwe ni we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko”.

2 Ivuga ko “Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: 3°mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa”.

3 Ivuga ko “Isubikagihano ni icyemezo cy’urukiko gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano itegeko riteganyiriza igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5). Isubikagihano ritangwa hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha. Icyemezo cy’urukiko gisubika igihano kigomba kuba kigaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kandi gifatwa mu rubanza rumwe n’urw’icyaha ruburanisha. Gishobora gutegeka isubika ry’igifungo cyose cyangwa igice cyacyo. Igihano cy’ihazabu n’icy’imirimo y’inyungu rusange ntibishobora gusubikwa”.

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68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, maze rukagabanyiriza igihano Nkebukande Claver kugeza ku gifungo cy’imyaka ibiri n’igice nacyo kigasubikwa, akanakurirwaho igihano cy’ihazabu cyangwa se nacyo kigabanywa. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyo Nkebukande Claver asaba byo kugabanyirizwa ibihano yamaze kubihabwa n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuko rwamugabanyirije igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka (25) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw) yahanishije n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw), akaba atagaragaza niba hari Itegeko Umucamanza yirengagije cyangwa se ubushishozi buke yagize mu kumuha igihano ku buryo yasaba mu bujurire ko bikosorwa nk’uko byatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu manza zitandukanye harimo urubanza RPAA 00288/2022/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 30/01/2024 rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Théoneste (igika cya 23). [11] Ku bijyanye no gukurirwaho ihazabu, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nkebukande Claver atakurirwaho ihazabu, ahubwo yazayitanga igihe azaba ashobora kuyibona, naho ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano akavuga ko atasubikirwa kuko atagaragaza impamvu abisaba. Uko Urukiko rubibona [12] Impaka kuri iyi ngingo zishingiye ku kumenya niba igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) Nkebukande Claver yahanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, gikwiye kugabanywa kikanasubikwa ndetse akaba yanakurirwaho ihazabu. a. Ku bijyanye n’igabanyagihano risabwa na Nkebukande Claver [13] Ku birebana no kugabanya igihano mu gihe hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko: “Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: …; (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15, … (d) igihano cy’ihazabu gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri kimwe cya kane cy’igihano cy’ihazabu gito giteganyirijwe icyaha cyakozwe.” [14] Naho ibirebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe ariyo mpamvu yonyine y’ubujurire, byatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha, Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwemeje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha, iyo abaregwa nta kindi banenga urubanza rwajuririwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko batagabanyirijwe igihano bihagije, buri mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ariko ko mu bujurire, Umucamanza agomba kuzirikana ko yemerewe gusa guhindura igihano cyatanzwe n’Umucamanza wo mu rukiko rubanza, ari uko amaze kugaragaza ko urwo rukiko rwaba rwarakoresheje nabi itegeko cyangwa ubushishozi bwarwo mu gutanga icyo gihano. Uyu murongo wakurikijwe mu manza zitandukanye zakurikiyeho zaciwe n’uru Rukiko, harimo n’urubanza

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RPAA 00293/2020/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28/06/2024 Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ntakirutimana Aloys. [15] Mu bika bikurikira harasuzumwa niba mu guhanisha Nkebukande Claver igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw) ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, Urukiko rwarakoresheje nabi Itegeko cyangwa se ubushishozi bwarwo. [16] Nk’uko bigaragara mu manza zabanje bikaba byanibukijwe mu gice cy’imiterere y’urubanza, mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Nkebukande Claver yagabanyirijwe igihano kubera ko yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka makumyabiri n’itanu (25 ans) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni makumyabiri n’imwe (21.000.000 Frw). Mu Rukiko Rukuru, Nkebukande Claver yongeye kugabanyirizwa igihano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) n’ihazabu ingana n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frw). [17] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga hashingiwe ku ingingo ya 2 y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 ryavuzwe haruguru, ibihano Nkebukande Claver yahawe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ari byo bito bishoboka ku cyaha yahamijwe cyo gutunda ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, bikaba bidakwiye kongera kugabanywa. [18] Ku bijyanye n’imiburanire ya Nkebukande Claver yo gukurirwaho ihazabu, Urukiko rurasnga nta shingiro ifite kuko icyaha yahamijwe cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, giteganyirijwe igihano cy’igifungo n’ihazabu bikomatanyije45, naho kuvuga ko nta bushobozi afite bwo kuyitanga akaba atabigaragariza ibimenyetso nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 4, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 062/2024 ryo ku wa 20/06/2024 rigenga ibimenyetso6, kandi n’iyo yaba nta bushobozi afite nk’uko abivuga, ibyo bikaba bitaba impamvu yatuma akurirwaho ihazabu kuko uyu munsi ashobora kuba nta bushobozi ariko ikindi gihe akazaba abufite akaba yayishyura.

b. Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano risabwa na Nkebukande Claver [19] Ku bijyanye n’isubikagihano, ingingo ya 3, agace ka (1) y’Itegeko N° 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, ivuga ko “Iyo uwakatiwe nta kindi gihano cy’igifungo kirenga amezi 6 yahanishijwe mbere, urukiko rukoresheje icyemezo gisobanura impamvu, rushobora gutegeka gusubika irangiza ry’igihano cyose cyangwa igice cy’igihano cy’iremezo cyangwa cy’ingereka, iyo igihano cy’iremezo cy’igifungo umuntu yakatiwe kitarenze imyaka 5”.

4 Reba ingingo ya 11, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, yahinduye ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko “Umuntu wese ukora, uhinga, uhindura, utunda, ubika, uha undi, ugurisha mu gihugu ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa urusobe rw’imiti ikoreshwa nka byo mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, aba akoze icyaha. Iyo abihamijwe n’urukiko ahanishwa: 5 º igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda arenze miliyoni makumyabiri (20.000.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni mirongo itatu (30.000.000 FRW) ku byerekeye ibiyobyabwenge bihambaye”. 6 Ivuga ko “Urega cyangwa utanze ikibazo agaragaza ikimenyetso cy’ibyo aregera cyangwa asaba. Uwiregura agaragaza ikimenyetso gishyigikira ukwiregura kwe. Icyakora, umucamanza cyangwa ukemura ikibazo ashobora gutegeka umuburanyi cyangwa umwe mu bafitanye ikibazo cyangwa undi muntu gutanga cyangwa kwerekana ikimenyetso afite”.

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[20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga isubikagihano Nkebukande Claver asaba adakwiye kurihabwa kuko ryemerwa gusa ku muntu wahanishijwe igihano cy’igifungo kitarenze imyaka itanu (5) ariko we akaba ahanishijwe igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15). [21] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga rero ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nkebukande Claver nta shingiro bufite, hakaba hagomba kugumaho imikirize y’urubanza yajuririye. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Nkebukande Claver nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 00726/2020/HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 23/01/2024, rudahindutse; [24] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza aherereye ku Isanduku ya Leta kuko Nkebukande Claver yajuriye afunze akaba asonewe kuyatanga.