UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDABAGENZI

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDABAGENZI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00824/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDABAGENZI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00824/2024/CA (Ndahayo P.J.) 28 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Muri uru rubanza, Nkundabagenzi yakurikiranywe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, ku cyaha cy’ubwicanyi yakoreye umugore we Mukankubana, batari bakibana, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko yamwishe avumbutse inyuma y'urugo asanga umugore we yicaye hanze aganira na mugenzi we, maze amutemesha umuhoro ku gikanu, ijosi ararica, amutema mu mutwe, ku kuboko ndetse no mu rubavu. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Nkundabagenzi ntiyishiniye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahanishijwe ibihano biremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanasaba imbabazi, ko kandi yaguye mu cyaha bimugwiririye. Urwo Rukiko narwo rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko icyaha yakoze yagikoranye ubugome bukabije, aho yari yaratandukanye n’umugore we hanyuma agacura umugambi wo kumwica abigeraho. Nkundabagenzi yongeye kujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko igihano yahawe ari kinini, ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hatarebwe ku ngaruka z’icyaha ndetse n’uburemere bw’icyaha ahubwo hakaba harebwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashindikanywaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere yarakurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko Nkundabagenzi atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko impamvu atanga asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ari nazo yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru, hanyuma Urukiko rusanga atagomba kugabanyirizwa igihano bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse akaba yaragikoranye ubugome bwinshi, ko rero kuri uru rwego atagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza rujuririrwa. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Bityo uburemere bw’icyaha Muhigana yakoze cyo kuvutsa ubuzima umugore we, hanashigiwe ku bugome yagikoranye, nta kosa Urukiko Rukuru rwakoze rwanga kumugabanyiriza igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uzabakiriho, RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. Ubushinjacyaha vs Dushimimana, RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA

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[1] Tariki ya 05/08/2021, Uwitwaga Mukankubana Vestine yarishwe, mu bacyetsweho icyo cyaha akaba ari umugabo we bashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko witwa Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre ariko bakaba bari batakibana. Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre yari yarashatse undi mugore w’inshoreke, akaba yaranahezaga ku mitungo nyakwigendera, ndetse ngo nyakwigendera akaba yari yaratanze ikirego cy’ubutane mu rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Nyamata mu rubanza RC 00214/2021/TB/NYMTA, Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre akaba yaramwishe avumbutse inyuma y'urugo asanga umugore we yicaye hanze aganira na mugenzi we, maze amutemesha umuhoro ku gikanu, ijosi ararica, amutema mu mutwe, ku kuboko ndetse no mu rubavu hanyuma ahita yiruka aza gufatirwa mu nzira atorotse. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, ubushinjacyaha bwamuregeye Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, bumukurikiranyeho icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake yakoreye umugore we, bugashingira ku mvungo z’abatangabuhamya bamushinja, amafoto ya Mukankubana Vestine agaragaza uburyo yakorewe icyaha, inyandikomvugo y’ifatira y’umuhoro yakoresheje mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, bumusabira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [3] Nkundabagenzi yireguye yemera avuga ko iwe hahoraga amakimbirane aturutse kuri Mukankubana Vestine wakundaga kuzana abagabo, akaba yaramubwiye ko atari umugabo ko agomba kuva mu rugo abagabo bakinjira, bikaba byaramuteye umujinya afata umwanzuro wo kumwica, amwicisha umuhoro, asoza asaba imbabazi agasaba kugabanyirizwa igihano. [4] Mu rubanza n° RP 01279/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 08/07/2022, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rushingiye ku mvugo z’uregwa, rwemeje ko Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubwicanyi buturutse ku bushake, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. [5] Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre ntiyishiniye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko yahanishijwe ibihano biremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha akanasaba imbabazi. Ko kandi yaguye mu cyaha bimugwiririye. [6] Ubushinjacyaha bwavugaga ko atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko ntacyo abasha kunega ibyashingiweho mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye kuko umucamanza yasobanuye impamvu atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano, ndetse ko atanemera icyaha mu buryo budashindikanwaho kuko avuga ko icyaha cyamugwiririye kandi atari ukuri kuko yagikoze yakigambiriye ndetse yagiteguye. [7] Mu rubanza No RPA 01223/2022/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 26/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n° RP 01279/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe n’urukikoRwisumbuye rwa Gasabo idahindutse. Ko igihano Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre yahawe cyo gufungwa burundu kigumyeho. [8] Mu gufata icyemezo Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre atagombakugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko icyaha yakoze yagikoranye ubugome bukabije, aho yari yaratandukanye n’umugore we hanyuma agacura umugambi wo kumwica abigeraho aho yamutemye ku gikanu ijosi ararica, amutema mu mutwe, ku kuboko ndetse no mu rubavu; ko rero atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko icyaha yakoze yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. [9] Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre yongeye kujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa No RPAA 00824/2024/CA ruburanishwa ku wa 06/03/2025, Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre yunganiwe na Me Munini Patrick, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Mukunzi Faustin .Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [10] Mu myanzuro no mu miburanire ya Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre n’umwunganizi we bavuga ko asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko igihano yahawe ari kinini, ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano hatarebwe ku ngaruka z’icyaha ndetse n’uburemere bw’icyaha ahubwo hakaba harebwa impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zirimo kuba

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yaraburanye yemera icyaha mu buryo budashindikanwaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere yarakurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko. [11] Mu rwego rw’amategeko bashingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko nº 059/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange1 ndetse n’ingingo ya 59 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange2; bakanashingira ku murongo watanzwe mu rubanza N° RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukikorw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Nsabimana Callixte alias Sankara na bagenzi be3. [12] Ubushinjacyaha busobanura ko Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kuko impamvu atanga asaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano ari nazo yatanze mu rukiko Rukuru, hanyuma Urukiko rusanga atagomba kugabanyirizwa igihano bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze ndetse akaba yaragikoranye ubugome bwinshi, ko rero kuri uru rwego atagaragaza icyo anenga urubanza rujuririrwa. [13] Urukiko rushingiye kuri izi mpaka, rusanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa ari ikijyanye no kumenya niba Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre yagabanyirizwa ibihano. II. ISESENGURWA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre yagabanyirizwa ibihano [14] Mu gusuzuma iki kibazo hakwifashishwa ibyemejwe mu rubanza Nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- Nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho ku bjyanye no kumenya niba Urukiko rwaba rutegetswe kugabanya ibihano mu gihe cyose hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha; aho Urukiko rwemeje ko Urukiko rudategetswe kugabanya igihano niyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ahubwo rugena igihano mu bushishozi bwarwo rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Uyu murongo wakomeje gukurikizwa mu manza nyinshi zaciwe, uruheruka akaba ari urubanza RPAA 00390/2024/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 30/01/2025 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Dushimimana Emmanuel. [15] Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre n’umwunganizi we basaba ko agabanyirizwa ibihano kuko igihano yahawe ari kinini, akagabanyirizwa hatarebwe ku ngaruka z’icyaha ndetse no ku buremere bw’icyaha, ahubwo akagabanyirizwa hashingiwe ku ukuba yaraburanye yemera icyaha kuva mu nzego z’iperereza kugeza mu rukiko, akaba acyemera mu buryo budashindikanwaho, akaba ari ubwa mbere yarakurikiranyweho icyaha mu nkiko. [16] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko bwo bubona Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’uburyo icyaha yakoze yagikoranye ubugome bukabije, ko kandi impamvu atanga asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano ari nazo yari yatanze mu Rukiko Rukuru, hanyuma Urukiko rusanga atagomba kugabanyirizwa ibihano kubera uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye kandi ko no kuri uru rwego ntacyo agaragaza anenga ibyashingiwe n’Urubanza rujuririrwa.

1 Iyo umucamanza yemeje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ashobora kugabanya igihano ku buryo bukurikira: (a) igifungo cya burundu gishobora kugabanywa ariko ntikijye munsi y’igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 15; 2 iteganya ko Umucamanza ashobora kugabanya ibihano nk’iyo: ushinjwa yishyikirije urwego rw’ubutabera rubifitiye ububasha, mbere y’uko akurikiranwa cyangwa se mu gihe hatangiye ibikorwa by’ikurikirana; mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha ku rwego rwa mbere, ushinjwa yireze akemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywa; 3 Muri urwo rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ibirego nshinjabyaha iyo uregwa nta kindi anenga urubanza rwajuriwe uretse kuvuga gusa ko atagabanyirijwe igihano, ko buri Mucamanza ku rwego urwo arirwo rwose, yemerewe gutanga igihano mu bushishozi bwe kijyanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha ndetse n’ingaruka zacyo hakurikijwe ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko n˚ 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/8/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange nk’uko ryahinduwe.

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[17] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo mu gika cya 26 Urukiko rwasanze n’ubwo Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre yemera icyaha, ariko mu miburanire ye yaranzwe no kutagaragaza umutima wicuza, ko adakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano bitewe n’ubugome yakoranye icyaha , kuko gutema umuntu, ukageraho umuvanamo umwuka, umubabaje bigaragaza ubugome bukabije ku buryo kumuhanisha igihano cya burundu byatuma rubanda ruha uburemere icyaha yakoze no gutinya kugikora,ko kuba yemera icyaha, bidahagije kugira ngo byemerwe nk’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [18] Dosiye igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urukiko rwasanze kuba umugore wa Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre bashakanye mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre akaba yari yaramutaye akishakira undi mugore, ndetse uwo mugore akaba yari yaratanze ikirego cy’ubutane mu rukiko bitewe no guhozwa ku nkeke kwa Nkundabagenzi ndetse anamuheza ku mitungo, hanyuma Nkundabagenzi agacura umugambi wo kumwica, akanabigeraho ubwo yamutemaga ku gikanu ijosi akarica, akamutema mu mutwe, ku kuboko no murubavu, byerekana ubugome yakoranye icyaha ,ko igihano cya burundu yahawe kidahindutse. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuri uru rwego, uretse gusa kongera gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ashingiye ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yari yagaragaje mu rukiko rujuririrwa, Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre atagaragaza ikosa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu kwanga kumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu rwasobanuye. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kandi rurasanga, nk’uko n’Urukiko Rukuru rwabisobanuye, bikaba binahuje n’umurongo wavuzwe haruguru watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ukanashingirwaho mu zindi manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, hashingiwe ku buremere bw’icyaha Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre yakoze cyo kuvutsa ubuzima umugore we, hanashigiwe ku bugome yagikoranye kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe kuba yari yarataye umugore we, ndetse umugore we akaba yari yaratanze ikirego cy’ubutane avuga ko uwo mugabo we amuhoza ku nkeke anamuheza ku mitungo, hanyuma Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre agacura umugambi wo kumwica ndetse akabigeraho akamutema ijosi akarica, bigaragaza koko ubugome bukomeye yakoranye icyo cyaha, iyo ikaba ariyo mpamvu adakwiye kugabanyirizwa ibihano nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza yajuririye n’ubwo yaburanye yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akurikiranywe n’inkiko. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nkundabagenzi Sylvestre nta shingiro bufite. [22] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza Nº RPA 01223 /2022 /HC/KIG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, kuwa 26/07/2024 idahindutse bityo igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe mu rubanza yajuririye kikaba kigumyeho. [23] Rutegetse ko Nkundabagenzi Sylivestre asonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko aburana afunze.