UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDUMUKIZA

# UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDUMUKIZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-27 - Case/document no.: RPAA00510/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA vs NKUNDUMUKIZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA00510/2023/CA (Tugireyezu P.J.) 27 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko yerekeye imanza nshinjabyaha – Impamvu nyoroshyacyaha – Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye uregwa ku cyaha cyo kwica umubyeyi we ku bushake, buvuga ko yagiye kureba umubyeyi we amusaba ko ajya kumusinyira kuko yashakaga kugurisha umuryango w’inzu yiyubakiye, abibwiye se aranga kuko iyo nzu yari mu makimbirane, ahita ajya kumurega mu nzego z’ibanze nuko bari mu nzira bagenda, uregwa ashikuza isuka umugore wrimo akura ibijumba ahita ayikubita umubyeyi we mu mutwe inshuro 2 ahita apfa. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko uregwa ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica se ku bushake, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu. Uregwa ntiyanyuzwe n’imikirize y’urubanza ajuririra Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rutamugabanyirije ibihano kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha anasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe. Urwo Rukiko rushingiye ku buremere bw’icyaha uregwa yakoze cyo kwambura ubuzima umubyeyi we, akamwica ntacyo amuhoye, n’ubugome yakoranye icyo cyaha akamwica amukubise isuka 2 mu mutwe, akamwicira imbere ya nyina umubyara, rwemeje ko igifungo cya burundu yahanishijwe kigumyeho. Uregwa nanone yajuririye Urukiko Rw’Ubujurire, asaba kugabanyirizwa igihano avuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba yarishyikirije inzego z’ubutabera icyaha kikimara kuba ndetse asaba n’umuryango imbabazi kuko yakoze icyaha kimutunguye kuko ntacyo yari asanzwe apfa n’umubyeyi we. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buburana buvuga ko Urukuko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasobanuye impamvu uregwa adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, ko ari ukubera ubugome yakoranye iki cyaha no kugira ngo hatinyishwe n’abandi batekerezaga gukora icyaha nk’icye. Busobanura ko n’iyo yaba ari we wahise yijyana mu buyobozi amaze kwica se umubyara, bitaba impamvu y’ubujurire. Incamake y’icyemezo: Urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Amategeko yashingiwe: Ingingo ya 2 y'Itegeko Nº 59/2023 ryo ku wa 04/12/2023 rihindura ingingo ya 60 y’itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. Ingingo ya 11 y’Itegeko Nº 69/2019 ryo ku wa 08/11/2019, ihindura ingingo ya 263 y’Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n'ibihano muri rusange Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha vs Uzabakiriho, RPAA 0021/14/CS-RPAA0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/2017. Ubushinjacyaha vs Niyonsaba, RPAA0126/11/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/05/2015. Ubushinjacyaha vs Mbonabucya, RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022.

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Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 01/12/2020 mu gihe cya saa sita z’amanywa (12h00), Nkundumukiza Israel yagiye kureba umubyeyi we Habineza Heredion amusanze aho atuye mu Kagari ka Munanira amusaba ko ajya kumusinyira kuko yashakaga kugurisha umuryango w’inzu yiyubakiye, abibwiye se aranga kuko iyo nzu yari mu makimbirane, ahita ajya kumurega mu nzego z’ibanze, bageze mu nzira uwo Nkundumukiza Israel asaba se ko yareka kujya kumurega ahubwo akamusinyira, umubyeyi we arabyanga, barimo bagendana bagera ahari umugore urimo gukura ibijumba mu Mudugudu wa Magarama, Akagari ka Ngoma, Umurenge wa Gishyita, Akarere ka Karongi, Nkundumukiza Israel ashikuza isuka uwo mugore yari arimo akuza ibijumba ahita ayikubita umubyeyi we mu mutwe inshuro 2 ahita apfa, Nkundumukiza Israel yahise afatwa ashyikirizwa inzego z’iperereza atangira gukurikiranwa. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi bukurikiranyeho Nkundumukiza Israel icyaha cyo kwica umubyeyi we ku bushake, bunasaba ko yahamwa n’icyo cyaha, agahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 107 y’itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [3] Nkundumukiza Israel yaburanye yemera icyaha ashinjwa cyo kwica umubyeyi we yakoreye ku karubanda nyina umubyara abireba n’amaso anagisabira imbabazi. [4] Mu rubanza nº RP 00558/2020/TGI/KNG rwaciwe ku wa 15/01/2020, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rwasanze hari ibimenyetso byemeza ko uregwa yakoze icyaha, birimo:.  Kuba Nkundumukiza Israel kuva aho yabarijwe hose n’imbere y’inzego z’iperereza kimwe n’imbere y’Urukiko yemera icyaha asobanura n’uburyo yagikozemo;  Imvugo z’abatangabuhamya biboneye n’amaso uregwa akora icyaha barimo Mukantagwabira Belie watswe isuka yakoreshejwe Nkundumukiza Israel yica se na Musabyimana Eveline umubyeyi (nyina) wa Nkundumukiza Israel umushinja akaba yari kumwe na nyakwigendera. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwemeje ko Nkundumukiza Israel ahamwa n’icyaha cyo kwica se ku bushake, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. [5] Nkundumukiza Israel ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi avuga ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Karongi rutamugabanyirije ibihano kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, akaba ari ubwa mbere yari akoze icyaha anasaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano yahanishijwe. [6] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha yaburanye avuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire ya Nkundumukiza Israel isaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe itahabwa ishingiro, bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubugome yagikoranye yica umubyeyi we, busoza busaba ko icyemezo cyajuririwe cyagumaho mu ngingo zacyo zose kuko igihano cyatanzwe cyagenwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [7] Mu rubanza nº RPA 00084/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe ku wa 27/11/2023, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rushingiye ku buremere bw’icyaha Nkundumukiza Israel yakoze cyo kwambura ubuzima umubyeyi we, akamwica ntacyo amuhoye, n’ubugome yakoranye icyo cyaha akamwica amukubise isuka 2 mu mutwe, akamwicira imbere ya nyina umubyara, rwemeje ko igifungo cya burundu, Nkundumukiza Israel yahanishijwe ku cyaha cyamuhamye cy’ubwicanyi cyo kwica se agikoze ku bushake kigumyeho kugira ngo n’abandi bagifite umutima wo kuvutsa bagenzi babo ubuzima bazinukwe mu gukora icyo cyaha.

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[8] Nkundumukiza Israel ntiyishimiye iyo mikirize y’urubanza, ajuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire. Urubanza ruhabwa no RPAA 00510/2023/CA, iburanisha rishyirwa ku wa 09/01/2025, Nkundumukiza Israel yunganiwe na Me Mukakalisa Jeanne d’Arc naho Ubushinjacyaha bwitabye buhagarariwe na Rukaka Galcan, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire no mu miburanire yabo, Nkundumukiza Israel n’umwunganira bavuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba yarishyikirije inzego z’ubutabera icyaha kikimara kuba ndetse asaba n’umuryango imbabazi kuko yakoze icyaha kimutunguye kuko ntacyo yari asanzwe apfa n’umubyeyi we. Basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe agahabwa ibihano byamufasha gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Nkundumukiza Israel, n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukuko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasobanuye impamvu Nkundumukiza Israel adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, koari ukubera ubugome yakoranye iki cyaha no kugira ngo hatinyishwe n’abandi batekerezaga gukora icyaha nk’icye. Busobanura ko n’iyo Nkundumukiza Israel yaba ari we wahise yijyana mu buyobozi amaze kwica se umubyara, bitaba impamvu y’ubujurire, asaba ko yabihemberwa agabanyirizwa igihano kuko n’ubundi atabigira urwitwazo kuko ntaho yari gucikira inzego z’Ubugenzacyaha na Police, bityo ko Nkundumukiza Israel adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, kabone n’iyo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, iki cyaha yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. [11] Urukiko ruhereye kuri izo mpaka, rurasanga ikibazo gikwiye gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari: Kumenya niba Nkundumukiza Israel yagabanyirizwa igihano. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba Nkundumukiza Israel yagabanyirizwa igihano [12] Nkundumukiza Israel n’umwunganira bavuga ko inkiko zibanza zamuhanishije igihano kirekire kandi yaraburanye yemera icyaha, kuba ari ubwa mbere yari akurikiranyweho icyaha, kuba yarishyikirije inzego z’ubutabera icyaha kikimara kuba ndetse asaba n’umuryango imbabazi kuko yakoze icyaha kimutunguye kuko ntacyo yari asanzwe apfa n’umubyeyi we. Basaba ko yagabanyirizwa ibihano yahawe agahabwa ibihano byamufasha gusubira mu muryango nyarwanda. [13] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na Nkundumukiza Israel, n’umwunganira nta shingiro byahabwa kuko Urukuko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwasobanuye impamvu Nkundumukiza Israel adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, ko ari ukubera ubugome yakoranye iki cyaha no kugira ngo hatinyishwe n’abandi batekerezaga gukora icyaha nk’icye. Busobanura ko n’iyo Nkundumukiza Israel yaba ari we wahise yijyana mu buyobozi amaze kwica se umubyara, bitaba impamvu y’ubujurire, asaba ko yabihemberwa agabanyirizwa igihano kuko n’ubundi atabigira urwitwazo kuko ntaho yari gucikira inzego z’Ubugenzacyaha na Police, bityo ko Nkundumukiza Israel adakwiriye kugabanyirizwa igihano, kabone n’iyo haba hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, iki cyaha yagikoranye ubugome bukabije. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [14] Hakurikijwe ibivugwa n’ababuranyi, Urukiko rurasanga impaka muri uru rubanza zishingiye ku kumenya niba Nkundumukiza Israel yagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha yatanze.

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[15] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba urukiko rutegetswe gushingira ku mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe zigaragajwe cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe ku wa 13/10/2017 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Uzabakiriho1. Muri urwo rubanza Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasobanuye ko urukiko rudategetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo, uyu murongo ukaba waranagendeweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ruca izindi manza zitandukanye nk’urubanza nº RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien2. [16] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Nkundumukiza Israel yafashe se umubyara amukubita isuka mu bugi bwayo ku mutwe ahagana hejuru irinjira igera ku bwonko ndetse ntiyashirwa amukubita n’indi nabwo mu bugi bwayo mu musaya w’iburyo irinjira ica n’ugutwi kwa nyakwigendera3. Igaragaza kandi ko mbere y’uko Nkundumukiza Israel yica se yari yarafunzwe azira kumubwira ko azamwica ndetse ko umubyeyi we yari yaramuhunze yimukira mu kandi kagari kuko Nkundumukiza Israel yahoraga avuga ko azamwica4. [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire bwa Nkundumukiza Israel, avuga ko atakambira uru Rukiko, arusaba kumugabanyiriza igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu yakatiwe, kuko aburana yemera icyaha kandi akaba ari ubwa mbere akoze icyaha. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 16 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru, rwanze kugabanyiriza Nkundumukiza Israel igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu rushingiye ku buremere bw’icyaha Nkundumukiza Israel yakoze cyo kwambura ubuzima umubyeyi we akamwica ntacyo amuhoye, n’ubugome yakoranye icyo cyaha akamwica amukubise isuka 2 mu mutwe, akamwicira imbere ya nyina umubyara. Rusanga ibyo bivuze ko urwo Rukiko rutirengagije impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ze nk’uko we n’umwunganira mu mategeko babivuga, ahubwo rwasanze mu bushishozi bwarwo uko kwemera icyaha kwe bitamubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha cyangwa ngabanya gihano, rurebye uburemere bw’icyaha yahamijwe, n’ubugome yagikoranye kandi yakigambiriye. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga ubundi kuba uregwa yemera icyaha akagisabira imbabazi akaba aribwo bwa mbere akoze icyaha ari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha ituma uregwa yagabanyirizwa igihano nk’uko Nkundumukiza Israel n’umwunganira babivuga, ariko nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru urukiko ntirutegetswe kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha igihe cyose zigaragajwe, ngo rugabanyirize uregwa igihano, ahubwo ruzemeza mu bushishozi bwarwo, kandi rukaba rushobora kwanga no kuzemeza nk’impamvu ngabanya gihano, rurebye imikorere y’icyaha uregwa akurikiranyweho cyangwa uburyo cyakozwemo. Uru rukiko rurasanga, nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwabibonye, harebwe ko Nkundumukiza Israel yafashe se umubyara amukubita isuka mu bugi bwayo ku mutwe ahagana hejuru irinjira igera ku bwonko ndetse ntiyashirwa amukubita n’indi nabwo mu bugi bwayo mu musaya w’iburyo irinjira ica n’ugutwi kwa nyakwigendera ndetse akaba yari yarafunzwe mbere azira ko yahoraga amubwira ko azamwica5 ariko uko gufungwa kwe ntikugire icyo kumwigisha ahubwo akarenga koko akabikora bigaragaza ko icyaha Nkundumukiza Israel yahamijwe cyo kwica umubyeyi we amukubise isuka yagikoranye ubugome ndengakamere. [20] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kuba Nkundumukiza Israel yarakoze icyaha kiremereye cyo kwica umubyeyi we yabigambiriye ndetse akaba yaragikoranye ubugome ndengakamere bikaba bitesha agaciro

1Reba urubanza nº RPAA 0021/14/CS- nº RPAA 0022/14/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 13/10/201, mu cyegeranyo cy’ibyemezo by’Inkiko ({2018} 4 RLR). 2 Reba urubanza nº RPAA 00312/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 29/7/2022, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Mbonabucya Donatien, mu gika cyarwo cya 20 3 Reba amafoto agaragara mu nyandiko yiswe reporton suspected murder in Karongi district 4 Reba inyandikomvugo ya Musabyimana Evelyne nyina wa Nkundumukiza Israel imbere y’Ubugenzacyaha ku wa 01/12/2020. 5 Reba inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya Nkundumukiza Israel mu Bugenzacyaha yok u wa 01/12/2020, igisubizo cya 6.

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impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yitsitsaho kuko iyo bigaragaye ko mu ikorwa ry’icyaha uregwa yagikoranye ubugome ndengakamere, ukwemera icyaha ntacyo kuba kukimariye uregwa ku birebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano. Uwo ni nawo murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza n° RPAA0126/11/CS rwaciwe ku wa 08/05/2015 aho rwemeje ko imbabazi Niyonsaba Boniface asaba atagomba kuzihabwa kuko icyaha aregwa yagikoranye ubugome ndengakamere. [21] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga kuba Urukiko Rukuru rwaremeje ko Nkundumukiza Israel atagabanyirizwa igihano cya burundu yahanishijwe mbere nta kosa rwakoze kuko icyo gihano aricyo gikwiraye n’icyaha yakoze. Bityo ingingo ye y’ubujurire isaba kugabanyirizwa igihano ikaba nta shingiro ifite. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [22] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nkundumukiza Israel nta shingiro bufite; [23] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza n˚ RPA 00084/2021/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 27/11/2023 idahindutse mu ngingo zarwo zose; [24] Rwemeje ko igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu Nkundumukiza Israel yahanishijwe mbere kigumyeho; [25] Rutegetse ko Nkundumukiza Israel asonewe amagarama y'urubanza kuko aburana afunze.